This is the first part of the presentation used for the workshop I conducted at Sinhagad University on Thursday 4th Feb, 2016. A lot of the content has been taken from freely available existing sources and these slides are just for reference for those who attended the workshop

1. Internet of Things

2. HELLO!
I am Bhavin
I am here because I love technology
You can find me at @BhvainIoT
IIT Madras - grad. May 2014: M.Tech (Dual Degree)
Co-founder AviPulse - Jan 2014 - present
Co-founder Phaneron Inc. - Launching in Apr 2016

3. Logistics
Takeoff Session (Protocols):
Introduction to IoT
Protocols: MQTT, CoAP, HTTP
MQTT in depth: Headers, QoS, Topics, Persistence & Will
Conclusion: Comparison of protocols
Consolidation Session (Implementation):
Hardware: Arduino, ESP8266 & NodeMCU, Raspberry Pi, UDOO
Software: Brokers, APIs, Frameworks
Practices: Cloud, Battery Life, Mobile Apps, Securit
Future: Smart Cities, Mission 2020
Hands-on Session (Demo):
The Participants will form groups and make a hands on “Minimal Viable
Prototype” demo using lean principles and concepts learned in the
above sessions
120 mins
10 mins
30 mins
60 mins
20 mins
120 mins
40 mins
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30 mins
10 mins
120 mins

4. 1. Introduction
Let’s start with the basics

5. Big Picture
What is IoT really?

6. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects, devices, vehicles, buildings and
other items which are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which
enables these objects to collect and exchange data.[1]
The Internet of Things allows objects to be
sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,
[2]
creating opportunities for
more-direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit
"Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants,
biochip transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal waters,[15]
automobiles with built-in
sensors, DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring
[16]
or field operation
devices that assist firefighters in search and rescue operations.
[17]
These devices collect useful data
with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other
devices
Source: Wikipedia

7. → Hardware agnostic
→ Software agnostic
→ Protocols matter !
→ Concerns:
↠ Battery life, energy consumption
↠ Connectivity vs Security
↠ Processing Power & Memory
Ideal IoT solution

8. 2. Protocols
HTTP, MQTT, CoAP

9. OSI Model

10. Bits & Frames - Wireshark

11. Protocols in Transport Layer

12. Protocols in Transport Layer

13. TCP/IP and UDP
→ (Slightly more than) Transport Layer
Protocols
↠ TCP/UDP contain functions such as graceful close
that OSI assigns to Session Layer
↠ They are closest to class 4 (TP4) of OSI
TCP: Reliability over Latency UDP: Latency over Reliability

14. TCP
→ TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-
checked delivery of a stream of octets
between applications running on hosts
communicating over an IP network
→ The sequence (SEQ) of octets matters
→ Receiver has to acknowledge (ACK) and
synchronize (SYN) the sequence with the
transmitter

15. TCP

16. TCP

17. UDP
→ With UDP, computer applications can send
messages, in this case referred to as
datagrams, to other hosts on an Internet
Protocol (IP) network without prior
communications to set up special
transmission channels or data paths
→ Un-sequenced data with no ACK or error
handling

18. UDP

19. TCP
→ Reliable
→ Ordered
→ Heavyweight
→ Slow(er)
→ Streaming
→ Congestion Control
→ Unicast (1 to 1)
TCP vs UDP
UDP
→ Unreliable
→ Unordered
→ Lightweight
→ Fast(er)
→ Datagrams
→ No Congestion Control
→ Broadcast (1 to many)
Multicast (many to
many)

20. Protocol Stacks
→ HTTP: TCP like session on top of TCP
→ MQTT: UDP like session on top of TCP
→ CoAP: TCP like session on top of UDP
(also, it has binary headers)

21. This is a slide title
→ Here you have a list of items
→ And some text
→ But remember not to overload your slides
with content
You audience will listen to you or read the
content, but won’t do both.

22. HTTP
→ The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a protocol for
distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information
systems
→ HTTP functions as a request response protocol in a
client-server computing model
→ HTTP resources are identified and located on the
network by uniform resource locators (URLs), using the
uniform resource identifier (URI) schemes http and https.
URIs and hyperlinks in HTML documents form inter-
linked hypertext documents
→ URI:

23. HTTP

24. HTTP
Methods/Verbs
→ GET*$
→ POST$
→ PUT$
→ DELETE$
→ HEAD*
→ CONNECT
→ PATCH
→ TRACE*
→ OPTIONS*
* No changes to database $: REST API

25. HTTP
→ HTTP is a stateless protocol. A stateless protocol does not
require the HTTP server to retain information or status
about each user for the duration of multiple requests.
→ However, some (read: most) web applications implement
states or server side sessions using for instance HTTP
cookies or hidden variables within web forms

26. MQTT
→ MQTT is Client-Server publish/subscribe messaging
transport protocol
→ It is lightweight, simple, open, and designed to be as easy
to implement
→ It runs over TCP/IP but can be implemented over any
stack that provides ordered, lossless, bi-directional
connections
→ MQTT is an OASIS standard since v3.1.1 (current version)
Note: MQTT = MQ Telemetry Transport. MQ doesn’t stand for
message queue. Infact there’s NO queuing in MQTT

27. MQTT

28. MQTT

29. CoAP
→ Constrained Application Protocol
→ Works over UDP. Has Binary Headers
→ Provides a RESTful API over UDP
→ CoAP was the de-facto “IoT” protocols since before IoT
was mainstream
→ It is especially useful in embedded devices with limited
processing power and memory
→ But it hasn’t aged well with Moore’s law
→ With competition in IoT hardware market, a lot powerful
devices are available for cheap

30. CoAP

31. CoAP

32. 3. Diving into MQTT
All about MQTT Protocol

33. MQTT

34. MQTT

35. MQTT

36. MQTT

37. MQTT

38. MQTT

39. MQTT

40. MQTT

41. MQTT

42. MQTT

43. MQTT

44. MQTT

45. MQTT

46. MQTT

47. 4. Conclusion
An Overview of what we’ve covered

48. Comparisons: MQTT vs HTTP

49. Comparisons: MQTT vs CoAP

50. THANKS!
Any questions?
See you in the next session!
I’m Bhavin Chandarana, find me at
→ @BhavinIoT
→ bhavin@phaneronsystems.com
→ +91-8380013130 | +91-9840425583
Do Checkout:
http://www.meetup.com/Internet-Of-Things-Pune-IoTPune