The document provides information on the geography and administration of China and its provinces. Some key points: - China is the world's most populous country with over 1.35 billion people and is governed as a single-party state by the Communist Party. - It has 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing), and 2 special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). - Information is then given on each of China's provinces and autonomous regions, including population sizes, main cities, and brief descriptions.

1. CHINA
People's Republic of

3. China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a sovereign state in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with
a population of over 1.35 billion. The PRC is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China, with its seat of
government in the capital city of Beijing.[16] It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-
controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions
(Hong Kong and Macau); while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan.

4. Beijing, formerly Peking, is the capital of the
People's Republic of China and one of the most
populous cities in the world. Its population in
2013 was 21,150,000.[8] The city proper is the
13th largest in the world. The metropolis,
located in northern China, is governed as a
direct-controlled municipality under the national
government with 16 urban, suburban, and rural
districts.[9] Beijing Municipality is surrounded by
Hebei Province with the exception of
neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the
southeast; together the three divisions form the
Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national
capital region of China.[10]

5. Tianjin is a metropolis in coastal northeastern China and one of
the five national central cities of China, with a total municipal
population of 15,200,000. It is governed as one of the four direct-
controlled municipalities of the PRC, and is thus under direct
administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei
Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the
Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. Part of the Bohai Economic
Rim, it is the largest coastal city in northern China.

6. Shanghai is the largest Chinese city by
population[9][10] and the largest city proper by
population in the world.[11] It is one of the four direct-
controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of
China, with a population of more than 24 million as
of 2014.[5] It is a global financial center,[12] and a
transport hub with the world's busiest container
port.[13] Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East
China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the
mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the
Chinese coast. The municipality borders the
provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north,
south and west, and is bounded to the east by the
East China Sea.[14]

7. Chongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five
national central cities in China. Administratively, it is one of China's
four direct-controlled municipalities (the other three are Beijing,
Shanghai and Tianjin), and the only such municipality in inland
China.[9]

8. Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Its one-
character abbreviation is "豫" (yù), named after Yuzhou (豫州; Yùzhōu), a Han Dynasty state (zhou) that
included parts of Henan. Although the name of the province (河南) means "south of the river",[4] approximately
a quarter of the province lies north of the Yellow River, also known as the "Huang He".

9. 河北北 （冀）Hebei
Hebei is a province of China in the North China
region. Its one-character abbreviation is "冀" (jì),
named after Ji Province, a Han Dynasty province
(zhou) that included what is now southern Hebei. The
name Hebei means "north of the river", referring to its
location entirely to the north of the Yellow River.[4]

11. Liaoning is a province of the People's Republic of
China, located in the northeast of the country. The
modern province was established in 1907 as
Fengtian or Fengtien province and the name was
changed to Liaoning in 1929. It was also known as
Mukden province at the time, for the Manchu
pronunciation of Shengjing, the former name of the
provincial capital Shenyang. Under the Japanese-
puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to
its 1907 name but the name Liaoning was restored
in 1945 and again in 1954.

12. Heilongjiang is a province of the People's Republic of China
located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang"
literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese
name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is ⿊黑
(pinyin: Hēi). The Manchu name of the region is Sahaliyan
ula (literally, "Black River"), from which the name of Sakhalin
is derived, and the Mongolian name with the same meaning
is Qaramörin.

14. Anhui is a province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of
the East China region. Located across the basins of the Yangtze
River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to
the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan
to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny section in the north. The
provincial capital is Hefei.

15. ⼭山东 （鲁） Shandong
Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along
the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism,
Chinese Buddhism, and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism
and one of the world's sites with the longest history of continuous religious worship. The Buddhist
temples in the mountains to the south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost
Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu is the birthplace of Confucius, and was later established as the
center of Confucianism.

17. 江苏（苏）Jiangsu
Jiangsu, earlier romanized as Kiangsu, is
an eastern coastal province of the
People's Republic of China, with its capital
in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the second smallest,
but the fifth most populous and the most
densely populated of the 22 provinces of
China. Jiangsu is the Number 2 province in
GDP.[4] Jiangsu borders Shandong in the
north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and
Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a
coastline of over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)
along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze
River passes through the southern part of
the province.

18. 浙江（浙） Zhejiang
Zhejiang , formerly romanized as
Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of
the China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu
province and Shanghai municipality to the
north, Anhui province to the northwest,
Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian
province to the south; to the east is the East
China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu
Islands of Japan.

19. 江⻄西（赣） Jiangxi
Jiangxi is a province in the
People's Republic of China,
located in the southeast of the
country. Spanning from the
banks of the Yangtze river in
the north into hillier areas in the
south and east, it shares a
border with Anhui to the north,
Zhejiang to the northeast,
Fujian to the east, Guangdong
to the south, Hunan to the west,
and Hubei to the northwest.[3]

20. 内蒙古（蒙）
Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ᠦᠪᠦᠷᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ [Öbür Monggol] in Mongolian script, and Өвөр
Монгол [Övör Mongol] in Mongolian Cyrillic; Chinese: 内蒙古; pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ), officially
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, is an autonomous
region of the People's Republic of China, located in the north of the country, containing most of
China's border with Mongolia (the rest of the China-Mongolia border is taken up by the Xinjiang
autonomous region and Gansu province) and a small section of the border with Russia. Its
capital is Hohhot, and other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, and Ordos.
ᠦᠪᠦᠷᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ

21. 陕⻄西 （陕）Shanxi
Shaanxi is a province of the People's Republic of
China, officially part of the Northwest China region. It
includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle
reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qin
Mountains (Qinling) across the southern part of this
province.

22. ⻘青海海 （⻘青）
Qinghai, also known as Tsinghai, formerly known in
English as Kokonor, is a province of the People's
Republic of China located in the northwest of the country.
As one of the largest province-level administrative
divisions of China by area, the province is ranked fourth-
largest in size, but has the third-smallest population.

23. 湖北北（鄂）Hubei is a province of China, located in the
easternmost part of Central China. The name of the province
means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of
Dongting Lake.[4] The provincial capital is Wuhan, a major
transportation thoroughfare and the political, cultural, and
economic hub of Central China.

24. ⼴广⻄西壮族⾃自治区（桂）
Guangxi, officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous
Region, is a Chinese autonomous region in South
Central China, bordering Vietnam. Formerly a province,
Guangxi became an autonomous region in 1958.

25. 福建 （闽）
Fujian, formerly romanised as Foken, Fouken, or Hokkien, is
a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian
is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and
Guangdong to the south.[6] The name Fujian came from the
combination of Fuzhou and Jianzhou (a former name for
Jian'ou) two cities in Fujian, during the Tang dynasty. While
its population is chiefly of Han origin, it is one of the most
culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China.

26. ⼴广州（粤）Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China.
Formerly known as Canton or Kwangtung in English, Guangdong surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the
most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million
migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year;[5][6]
the total population was 104,303,132 in
the 2010 census, accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China's population.[7]
The provincial capital Guangzhou
and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. The population
increase since the census has been modest, the province at 2013 end had 106,440,000 people.[8]

27. ⽢甘肃 （⽢甘）Gansu is a province of the People's
Republic of China, located in the northwest of the
country. Gansu has a population of 26 million (as of
2009) and covers an area of 425,800 square kilometres
(164,400 sq mi). The capital is Lanzhou, located in the
southeast part of the province.

28. Sichuan is a southwestern Chinese province that contains a stretch of Asia’s
largest river, the Yangtze. The region is renowned for its cuisine, which includes spicy hot
pots. It's also the home of giant pandas, which visitors can observe at Bifengxia Panda Base
and other reserves. Chengdu, the capital, is a center for traditional Sichuanese opera, which
include fire-breathing and sleight-of-hand mask changes.

29. ⼭山⻄西 （晋）Shanxi is a province of the China, located in the
North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is
"晋" (pinyin: Jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during
the Spring and Autumn Period.

30. 吉林林 （吉）
Jilin is one of the three provinces of Northeast
China. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to
the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to
the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west.

31. 贵州（贵）
Guizhou is a province of the People's
Republic of China located in the
southwestern part of the country. Its
provincial capital city is Guiyang.

32. ⻄西藏 （藏）
The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) or Xizang
Autonomous Region, called Tibet or Xizang (Tibetan: བོད་;）
for short, is a province-level autonomous region of the People's
Republic of China (PRC). It was created in 1965 on the basis
of Tibet's Incorporation by the PRC in 1951.

33. 宁夏 （宁）
Ningxia, is an autonomous region of the
People's Republic of China located in the
northwest part of the country. Formerly a
province, Ningxia was incorporated into
Gansu in 1954 but was separated from
Gansu in 1958 and was reconstituted as
an autonomous region for the Hui people,
one of the 56 officially recognised
nationalities of China.

34. 海海南 （琼）
Hainan is the smallest and southernmost
province of the People's Republic of China
(PRC). The name "Hainan" also refers to
Hainan Island (海海南岛, Hǎinán Dǎo), the
main island of the province. Hainan is located
in the South China Sea, separated from
Guangdong's Leizhou Peninsula to the north
by the shallow and narrow Qiongzhou Strait.

35. Worldwide Chinese Characters
Countries (modern boundaries drawn) where Chinese characters were/are used in its official/dominant language or at least one of its official/dominant
languages:
Traditional Chinese characters used exclusively or almost exclusively (Taiwan Taiwan, Macau Macau and Hong Kong Hong Kong)
Simplified Chinese characters used formally but with traditional characters still used (Singapore Singapore and Malaysia Malaysia)
Simplified Chinese characters used exclusively or almost exclusively (China Mainland China)
Chinese characters used in conjunction with other systems of writing in the same language (Japan Japan and South Korea South Korea)
Chinese characters were once used in the official language but are not used any more (Mongolia Mongolia, North Korea North Korea and Vietnam Vietnam)

39. Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. is a Chinese multinational networking and telecommunications equipment and services company
headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong. It is the largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer in the world, having
overtaken Ericsson in 2012.
Xiaomi Inc. (Chinese: ⼩小⽶米科技）, literally "millet technology") is a privately owned Chinese electronics company headquartered in
Beijing, China, that is the world's 4th largest smartphone maker. Xiaomi designs, develops, and sells smartphones, mobile apps, and
related consumer electronics.

40. Lenovo Group Ltd. is a Chinese multinational computer technology company with headquarters in Beijing, China, and Morrisville, North Carolina, United States.[3] It
designs, develops, manufactures and sells personal computers, tablet computers, smartphones, workstations, servers, electronic storage devices, IT management
software and smart televisions. In 2014, Lenovo was the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales.[4] It markets the ThinkPad line of notebook computers
and the ThinkCentre line of desktops.
World's Largest IPO
Alibaba's initial public offering now ranks as the world's biggest at $25 billion, netting underwriters of the sale a more than $300 million windfall
after the e-commerce giant and some shareholders parted with additional shares.
Alibaba Group Holding Limited is a Chinese e-commerce company that provides consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer and business-to-
business sales services via web portals. It also provides electronic payment services, a shopping search engine and data-centric cloud computing
services. The group began in 1999 when Jack Ma founded the website Alibaba.com, a business-to-business portal to connect Chinese
manufacturers with overseas buyers. In 2012, two of Alibaba’s portals handled 1.1 trillion yuan ($170 billion) in sales. The company primarily
operates in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and at closing time, on the date of its initial public offering (IPO), 19 September 2014, Alibaba's
market value was measured as US$231 billion.

41. Haier Group is a Chinese multinational consumer electronics and home appliances company headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong
province, China. It designs, develops, manufactures and sells products including air conditioners, mobile phones, computers, microwave
ovens, washing machines, refrigerators, and televisions.
ZTE Corporation is a Chinese multinational telecommunications equipment and systems company headquartered in Shenzhen, China.
ZTE operates in three business units - Carrier Networks(54%)-Terminals(29%)-Telecommunication(17%). ZTE's core products are wireless,
exchange, access, optical transmission, and data telecommunications gear; mobile phones; and telecommunications software. It also offers
products that provide value-added services, such as video on demand and streaming media. ZTE primarily sells products under its own
name but it is also an OEM.