This document summarizes a presentation on preventing the onset of common mental disorders. It discusses that prevention is important due to the huge disease burden and economic costs of conditions like depression. While current treatments can only reduce the burden by 15-35%, prevention has the potential for much larger impacts. Research shows it is possible to prevent new cases of depression and anxiety through interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy and stepped care models in primary care settings. The largest effects are seen for indicated prevention targeting high-risk groups.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ANALYSING THE LEVEL OF DEPRESSION AND ITS CAUSATIVE F...amsjournal
Depression is a pathological state of the mind characterised lack of self-confidence and self-esteem. The
cause of depression is multi factorial and various physical, psychological, environmental and genetic
factors have been implicated in the causation of depression. Despite being a serious condition in all age
groups, depression is more common and significant in the geriatric population as it is associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Various scales have been developed to assess depression of which the
Geriatric Depression Scale is most suited for elderly population. It has a long form and short form, the
latter being more appropriate for elderly patients with dementia. In our study, we aim to analyse the
prevalence of depression among elderly patients visiting the outpatient departments of a tertiary care
hospital and determine the factors influencing depression in them. The study was an Observational cross sectional
study carried out on 51 elderly patients over the age of 60 years attending the various outpatient
departments of PSG Hospital. The Geriatric Depression Scale Short form was used to determine the
prevalence of depression. A self-designed questionnaire considering various factors causing depression
was administered to determine the factors influencing depression. It was found that among 51 elders in the
age group of 60 to 80 years, 58.8% were depressed of which 54% were males and 68% were females.
Financial fears regarding future and income insufficiency were the most important factors contributing to
depression. This shows that monetary fear is a major factor resulting in depression. The most effective
strategy to combat depression is to ensure appropriate self-report. The government and other organizations
must ensure that better support, both financial and other services like healthcare are provided to the
elderly in order to prevent depressive illnesses.
Depression is a state of feeling sad, miserable and down in the dumps with loss of self-confidence. Depression despite being a serious condition in all age groups is more common and significant in the
geriatric population as it is associated with morbidity and mortality. The cause of depression is multifactorial. Various scales have been developed to assess depression of which the Geriatric Depression
Scale is most suited for elderly population and those with dementia. In our study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of depression among elderly patients visiting the outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital and determine the factors influencing depression in them. The study was an Observational study carried out on 51 elderly patients over the age of 60 years attending the outpatient departments of PSG Hospital. The Geriatric Depression Scale Short form was used to determine the prevalence of depression. A
self-designed questionnaire considering various factors causing depression was administered to determine
the factors influencing depression. It was found that among 51 elders in the age group of 60 to 80 years,
58.8% were depressed of which 54% were males and 68% were females. Financial fears regarding future
and income insufficiency were the most important factors contributing to depression. This shows that
monetary fear is a major factor resulting in depression. The government and other organizations must
ensure that better support both financial and other services like healthcare are provided to the elderly in
order to prevent depressive illnesses.
KEYNOTE presentation by professor Celso Arango (Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. IiSGM, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM. Madrid, Spain) on developmental trajectories in early-onset psychoses, held at the ESCAP 2015 Congress in Madrid, Monday June 22nd 2015
Screening for psychosocial problems in occupational healthPhilippe Persoons
Presentation on why it is nescessery to screen for mental health problems in occupational health, what to screen for and an overview of a short, self-administered, screening instrument, the Patient Health Questionnaire (partially validated, i.e. the PHQ-9 in occupational health), which can be used for the most common and most disabeling mental health disorders, i.e. depression, anxiety and alcohol abuse.
Co-occurring Disorders: The Rule, Not The Exception : Constant MoutoniCAADEvents
A focused introduction to the importance of underpinning that a comprehensive understanding of a person’s behavioural, mental and emotional health issues, requires an understanding of the person, their environment and needs.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ANALYSING THE LEVEL OF DEPRESSION AND ITS CAUSATIVE F...amsjournal
Depression is a pathological state of the mind characterised lack of self-confidence and self-esteem. The
cause of depression is multi factorial and various physical, psychological, environmental and genetic
factors have been implicated in the causation of depression. Despite being a serious condition in all age
groups, depression is more common and significant in the geriatric population as it is associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Various scales have been developed to assess depression of which the
Geriatric Depression Scale is most suited for elderly population. It has a long form and short form, the
latter being more appropriate for elderly patients with dementia. In our study, we aim to analyse the
prevalence of depression among elderly patients visiting the outpatient departments of a tertiary care
hospital and determine the factors influencing depression in them. The study was an Observational cross sectional
study carried out on 51 elderly patients over the age of 60 years attending the various outpatient
departments of PSG Hospital. The Geriatric Depression Scale Short form was used to determine the
prevalence of depression. A self-designed questionnaire considering various factors causing depression
was administered to determine the factors influencing depression. It was found that among 51 elders in the
age group of 60 to 80 years, 58.8% were depressed of which 54% were males and 68% were females.
Financial fears regarding future and income insufficiency were the most important factors contributing to
depression. This shows that monetary fear is a major factor resulting in depression. The most effective
strategy to combat depression is to ensure appropriate self-report. The government and other organizations
must ensure that better support, both financial and other services like healthcare are provided to the
elderly in order to prevent depressive illnesses.
Depression is a state of feeling sad, miserable and down in the dumps with loss of self-confidence. Depression despite being a serious condition in all age groups is more common and significant in the
geriatric population as it is associated with morbidity and mortality. The cause of depression is multifactorial. Various scales have been developed to assess depression of which the Geriatric Depression
Scale is most suited for elderly population and those with dementia. In our study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of depression among elderly patients visiting the outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital and determine the factors influencing depression in them. The study was an Observational study carried out on 51 elderly patients over the age of 60 years attending the outpatient departments of PSG Hospital. The Geriatric Depression Scale Short form was used to determine the prevalence of depression. A
self-designed questionnaire considering various factors causing depression was administered to determine
the factors influencing depression. It was found that among 51 elders in the age group of 60 to 80 years,
58.8% were depressed of which 54% were males and 68% were females. Financial fears regarding future
and income insufficiency were the most important factors contributing to depression. This shows that
monetary fear is a major factor resulting in depression. The government and other organizations must
ensure that better support both financial and other services like healthcare are provided to the elderly in
order to prevent depressive illnesses.
KEYNOTE presentation by professor Celso Arango (Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. IiSGM, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM. Madrid, Spain) on developmental trajectories in early-onset psychoses, held at the ESCAP 2015 Congress in Madrid, Monday June 22nd 2015
Screening for psychosocial problems in occupational healthPhilippe Persoons
Presentation on why it is nescessery to screen for mental health problems in occupational health, what to screen for and an overview of a short, self-administered, screening instrument, the Patient Health Questionnaire (partially validated, i.e. the PHQ-9 in occupational health), which can be used for the most common and most disabeling mental health disorders, i.e. depression, anxiety and alcohol abuse.
Co-occurring Disorders: The Rule, Not The Exception : Constant MoutoniCAADEvents
A focused introduction to the importance of underpinning that a comprehensive understanding of a person’s behavioural, mental and emotional health issues, requires an understanding of the person, their environment and needs.
Presentatie autisme escap 2015m4 madrid how_malleable_is_autism_escap_postUtrecht
KEYNOTE abstract by professor Sally Rogers (UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento) titled 'How malleable is autism? Outcome studies from the youngest children with ASD', held at the ESCAP 2015 Congress in Madrid, Monday June 22nd 2015
KEYNOTE presentation (June 2015), ESCAP Expert Paper (July 2015), TV interview and abstract by professor Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann (Aachen University) on new developments in the diagnostics and treatment of adolescent eating disorders
How GPs and mental health practitioners should work togetherKris Van den Broeck
In this slideshow, we first present a literature study, showing that guidelines on the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) only provide little information about how to organise collaborative care. An additional Pubmed search, however, may be inspirational for who would like to improve collaboration amongst caregivers regarding the care for severely depressed patients. A second (qualitative) study presented in this presentation outlines how collaborative care amongst general practitioners (GPs) and mental health care practitioners is organised today in Belgium and what can be improved according to practitioners in favour of severely depressed patients.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION, MENTAL HEALTH AND RELIGIOSITY AMONGST MENTAL...IAEME Publication
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of depression, mental health and religiosity amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak with demographic aspects. The subjects selected were 40 women amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak. The assessment method administered consisted of Beck Depression Inventory, General Health Questionnaire-28, Provision and demographic questions. The questionnaires were distributed among the sample followed by a brief introduction about the assessment. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the age of the sample and their mental health (p=0.005. Furthermore, depression experienced by the victims significantly influenced their mental health (R2=0.70, [F (1, 25) = 41.517, p<0.002]). The study also indicated that there was a positive correlation between mental health and depression (r=0.68). This showed that the higher the levelof depression experienced by the samples, the higher the effect of their mental health and religiosity.
Pubic mental health: time to translate evidence into policy and practiceKristian Wahlbeck
Presented at 25th European Congress of Psychiaty, Florence, 1 April 2017. The presentation argues for public health interventions, targeting the early years, by involving non-health sectors in the common task to promote mental health for all.
A cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment can be traumatic. An experience with cancer can lead to serious psychological distress that should be addressed. In this webinar, Schuyler Cunningham, Clinical Social Worker, talks about what trauma is, how to identify it, and what steps to take next.
Structured psychotherapies are treatments for mental health disorders that are recommended by international good practice guidelines. Their positive impact on the costs to healthcare funding bodies has been widely demonstrated. Nevertheless, in France today, psychotherapies delivered in private practice settings are not reimbursed to patients by health cover systems.
A financial evaluation of covering the cost of psychotherapies was performed using the methodology of the British programme Improving Access for Psychological Therapies (2005). The cost of a session was estimated at 41€, the reimbursement rate by the compulsory health insurance system at 70% and 60% for the care of individuals aged 18 to 75 presenting common, chronic and/or severe mental disorders.
The yearly cost for the cover of psychotherapeutic care was 514 million euros (between 308M and 347M€ for the compulsory systems) to treat 1.033M individuals in France, or 2.3% of the population.
In terms of the cost-benefit ratio, 1€ invested in psychotherapeutic treatment could, depending on patient profile, save from 1.14€ to 1.95€.
France has the 14 300 professionals qualified to deliver the psychotherapies required to treat this population.
With a view to providing appropriate care for patients, inter-professional collaboration among GPs and mental health professionals, and between clinical psychiatrists and psychologists, appears essential. These recommendations should be defined in national good practice guidelines.
Presentatie autisme escap 2015m4 madrid how_malleable_is_autism_escap_postUtrecht
KEYNOTE abstract by professor Sally Rogers (UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento) titled 'How malleable is autism? Outcome studies from the youngest children with ASD', held at the ESCAP 2015 Congress in Madrid, Monday June 22nd 2015
KEYNOTE presentation (June 2015), ESCAP Expert Paper (July 2015), TV interview and abstract by professor Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann (Aachen University) on new developments in the diagnostics and treatment of adolescent eating disorders
How GPs and mental health practitioners should work togetherKris Van den Broeck
In this slideshow, we first present a literature study, showing that guidelines on the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) only provide little information about how to organise collaborative care. An additional Pubmed search, however, may be inspirational for who would like to improve collaboration amongst caregivers regarding the care for severely depressed patients. A second (qualitative) study presented in this presentation outlines how collaborative care amongst general practitioners (GPs) and mental health care practitioners is organised today in Belgium and what can be improved according to practitioners in favour of severely depressed patients.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION, MENTAL HEALTH AND RELIGIOSITY AMONGST MENTAL...IAEME Publication
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of depression, mental health and religiosity amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak with demographic aspects. The subjects selected were 40 women amongst mentally ill patients inhospital Tanjung Rambutan Ulu Kinta Perak. The assessment method administered consisted of Beck Depression Inventory, General Health Questionnaire-28, Provision and demographic questions. The questionnaires were distributed among the sample followed by a brief introduction about the assessment. Data analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the age of the sample and their mental health (p=0.005. Furthermore, depression experienced by the victims significantly influenced their mental health (R2=0.70, [F (1, 25) = 41.517, p<0.002]). The study also indicated that there was a positive correlation between mental health and depression (r=0.68). This showed that the higher the levelof depression experienced by the samples, the higher the effect of their mental health and religiosity.
Pubic mental health: time to translate evidence into policy and practiceKristian Wahlbeck
Presented at 25th European Congress of Psychiaty, Florence, 1 April 2017. The presentation argues for public health interventions, targeting the early years, by involving non-health sectors in the common task to promote mental health for all.
A cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment can be traumatic. An experience with cancer can lead to serious psychological distress that should be addressed. In this webinar, Schuyler Cunningham, Clinical Social Worker, talks about what trauma is, how to identify it, and what steps to take next.
Structured psychotherapies are treatments for mental health disorders that are recommended by international good practice guidelines. Their positive impact on the costs to healthcare funding bodies has been widely demonstrated. Nevertheless, in France today, psychotherapies delivered in private practice settings are not reimbursed to patients by health cover systems.
A financial evaluation of covering the cost of psychotherapies was performed using the methodology of the British programme Improving Access for Psychological Therapies (2005). The cost of a session was estimated at 41€, the reimbursement rate by the compulsory health insurance system at 70% and 60% for the care of individuals aged 18 to 75 presenting common, chronic and/or severe mental disorders.
The yearly cost for the cover of psychotherapeutic care was 514 million euros (between 308M and 347M€ for the compulsory systems) to treat 1.033M individuals in France, or 2.3% of the population.
In terms of the cost-benefit ratio, 1€ invested in psychotherapeutic treatment could, depending on patient profile, save from 1.14€ to 1.95€.
France has the 14 300 professionals qualified to deliver the psychotherapies required to treat this population.
With a view to providing appropriate care for patients, inter-professional collaboration among GPs and mental health professionals, and between clinical psychiatrists and psychologists, appears essential. These recommendations should be defined in national good practice guidelines.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Web-based Intervention for Depressive ...Tejas Shah
To compare the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with an active control (expressive writing) and a waiting-list control
condition.
Psychological depression prevention programs for 5-10 year olds: What’s the e...Health Evidence™
Health Evidence hosted a 90 minute webinar on psychological depression prevention programs for children and adolescents. This work received support from KT Canada funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Key messages and implications for practice were presented.
This webinar focused on interpreting the evidence in the following review:
Merry, S., Hetrick, S.E., Cox, G.R., Brudevold-Iversen, T., Bir, J.J., & McDowell, H. (2011).Psychological and/or educational interventions for the prevention of depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011(12), Art. No.: CD003380.
Kara DeCorby, Managing Director & Knowledge Broker with Health Evidence, lead the webinar.
Weight diabetes and metabolic problems in patients taking atypical antipsycho...Alex J Mitchell
Free slide show on weight gain, diabetes and metabolic problems in those taking atypical antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and related conditions. Image credits retained by original authors. Please give correct acknolwedgements if you present any material from here.
Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Relation to Prior History ...Tejas Shah
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces residual depressive symptoms irrespective of the number of previous episodes of major depression.
Presented by Tejas Shah (www.healingstudio.in)
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Presentatie sopsi conference rome, februari 2011
1. 15th Congress of the Italian Society of Psychopathology (SOPSI), Rome, February 15 - 19, 2011 Preventing the onset of common mental disorders: Possibilities and challenges Department of Clinical Psychology Pim Cuijpers
2. Overview What is prevention? Why is prevention important? Prevention for whom? Is it possible to prevent new incident cases? Prevention of depression in primary care Conclusions
4. Intervention spectrum for mental disorders (Mrazek & Haggerty, 1994) Treatment Prevention Standard treatment Maintenance Case identification Indicated Long term treatment Selective After-care Universal
6. Why is prevention important? Huge burden of disease Highest burden of disease in 2030 in developed countries High prevalence High incidence (almost 50% of prevalence) Huge economic costs (130 million euros per million inhabitants, 47% incidence) Treatments can reduce burden of disease with not more than 35% (currently 15%)
9. Currently averted YLD Disorder Current Any mood disorder 15% Major depression 16% Any anxiety disorder 13% Any alcohol rel. dis. 2% Schizophrenia 13% Any disorder 13% Andrews et al., Br J Psychiatry 2004
10. Averted YLD (current and with EBMH) Disorder Current with EBMH Any mood disorder 15% 23% Major depression 16% 23% Any anxiety disorder 13% 20% Any alcohol rel. dis. 2% 5% Schizophrenia 13% 22% Any disorder 13% 20%
11. Averted YLD (maximum) Disorder Current EBMH Max Any mood disorder 15% 23% 35% Major depression 16% 23% 34% Any anxiety disorder 13% 20% 49% Any alcohol rel. dis. 2% 5% 34% Schizophrenia 13% 22% 22% Any disorder 13% 20% 40%
12. Consequences Currently avoided in MDD: 16%, maximum 34% Currently avoided in anxiety disorders: 13%, maximum 49% Consequences: Better treatments Dissemination (low-income countries!) Prevention!
13. Epidemiology of depression in The Nederlands relapse Influx: 357.000 recovery mortality Treatment Prevention Prevalence: 738.000
17. What do we need for effective prevention? Low specificity of most risk indicators Most people with a risk indicator do not develop a disorder Most epidemiologal studies report OR or RR Other methodology is needed
18. New statistics Exposure rate: prevalence of risk group among the population Population attributable fraction: the percentage of the incident cases that are accounted for by the risk indicator NNT: numbers needed to be treated in order to prevent the onset of one case
19. Method LASA data At t1: N=3056; at t2: N=2200 (72%) Age: 55-85 Incidence of depression: CES-D>16 at t2 Risk indicators: vulnerability-stress theory Smit et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006
21. Combinations of risk indicators Attributable Fraction Exposure Rate Depressive Functional Small Female symptoms limitations network
22. Another study Amstel study N=2244 (pre + post) MDD: AGECAT Risk factors CART-analyses Lowest NNT Highest AF Smallest ER Schoevers et al., Am J Psychiatry 2006
23.
24. Is it possible to prevent the onset of depressive disorders?
25. Preventing incidence of mental disorders Meta-analytic review 13 studies: 6 on depression 3 on posttraumatic stress disorders 4 other (anxiety, anx+depr, psychosis, any) Many differences between studies Cuijpers et al., J Nerv Ment Dis 2005
28. Effects of prevention All studies: –27% depression: –28% debriefing: +33% CBT: –31% Chance of getting a disorder CBT=cognitive behaviour therapy
29. Prevention of depressive disorders 19 trials Comparable results: IRR = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65~0.93) Universal prevention is less effective No significant subgroups (type, target group) IPT may be more effective than CBT Cuijpers et al., Am J Psychiatry 2008
33. Prevention in different settings Schools/adolescents Postpartum depression General medical settings Older adults Internet Primary care
34. Guided self-help in primary care Screening of GP patients (N=5276) CIDI in screen-positive patients Those with increased symptoms, but no depressive disorder were included Randomized to: Guided self-help (n=107) usual care (n=109) Willemse et al., Br J Psychiatry 2004
35. Intervention Self-help book “Coping with Depression” course: Cognitive restructuring Behavioral activation Social skills 6 weekly telephone calls no therapy, only support in working through materials Max 15 minutes
36. Results at 12 months IRR =0.66 (p<0.05) Incidence: 0.12 (13/107) for self-help 0.18 (20/109) for the usual care P<0.05 NNT= 16
38. Guided self-help as prevention of major depression 21 % 5 % 10 % 59% Smit et al., British Journal of Psychiatry2006
39. Prevention of depression in older adults Aimed at older adults in primary care Stronger effects: stepped-care Depression and anxiety Van ‘t Veer et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009
40. Inclusion of patients Part of larger project of GP group Screening of patients 75 years or older (N=5207) Those scoring above cut-off on CES-D, but had no DSM-IV depressive disorder were included Randomized to: Stepped-care (N=86) Care-as-usual (N=84)
41. Stepped-care Four steps Watchful waiting Guided self-help (Coping with depression and anxiety) Brief psychotherapy (PST) Referral to GP for medication Steps of 3 months Screening every 3 months
42. Results Stepped care: incidence of 11.6% (10/86) Control group: incidence 23.8% (20/84) RR=0.49 (95% CI: 0.24~0.98) NNT=8.2
43. Conclusions Prevention of common mental disorders is important It is very well possible to identify high-risk groups Prevention of new cases is possible Stepped care models Implementation!
