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This document discusses the use of gerunds and infinitives in English. It explains that gerunds are verb + "ing" and are used after certain verbs and prepositions or as the subject/object of a sentence. Infinitives can be "to + verb" or the bare infinitive without "to." Infinitives are used after modal verbs, expressions of willingness, and verbs of perception. The document provides examples of verbs that take gerunds or infinitives and explains that understanding their use is important for expressing reasons and purposes.
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Syllabus
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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Presentación1
- 2. Gerunds: • We use gerunds (verb + ing): • After certain verbs - I enjoy singing • After prepositions - I drank a cup of coffee before leaving • As the subject or object of a sentence - Swimming is good exercise • We use 'to' + infinitive: • After certain verbs - We decided to leave • After many adjectives - It's difficult to get up early • To show purpose - I came to London to study English • We use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without 'to'):
- 3. Infinitives • After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock • After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early • After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense) - I watched her walk away • After expressions with 'why' - why go out the night before an exam? • Verbs that take the gerund or 'to + infinitive' with examples and exercises:
- 4. For what I do with Infinitives and Gerunds? • VERY OFTEN NEED TO SAY THE REASON OR THE REASON WE DO SOMETHING.
- 5. PRACTICAL EXAMPLE AS WE CAN SAY THAT THIS GUIDE WAS CREATED TO HELP TO LEARN ENGLISH INFINITIVES And GERUNDS THE MAIN REASON WHY IS LEARNING, YOU SHOULD CREATE A STUDY MATERIAL OR GUIDE TO HELP YOU ACHIEVE THAT GOAL