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PALOMA TORROBA  1 , Mª Pilar Zaldívar García 2 ,   Mª Belén Fernández-Santos 3  & Carolina Martínez-Ruiz 1,4 1 Area of Ecology, Department of Agro-Forestry Sciences, University of Valladolid, Spain. E-mail: paloma.torroba@gmail.com 2 Area of Botany, Department of Agro-Forestry Sciences, University of Valladolid, Spain 3 Area of  Ecology , Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain  4 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute UVa-INIA (Spain) 12 th  EEF Congress. Avila 2011
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
 
Guardo Study area
Opencast coal mine reclaimed in 1990
Hydric stress Dry season Low water holding capacity
B  - the adjacent oak forest edge M1  - the restored mine area close to the forest M2  - the restored mine area away from forest Soil characteristics Forest influence Seed arrival 12 m 6 m 8 m 5.7 % shrub cover/plot  70.0 % s.c./plot 61.0 % s.c./plot Environmental gradient B M1 M2 M1 M2 B
Seedling density  (ind./m 2 ) Maximum alive height  (<50 cm) Diameter (mm) Nº  of total and dead branches Age range (1, 2-3, >3 years old) Presence of moss  % s hrub cover/plot Angle of contact  % s hrub cover around  seedlings 60 plots, 2 x 2 m 2
% s hrub cover around seedlings 53% 80% χ 2 =256.26; gl=18; p<0.0001; Chi-square test 97% 99% χ 2 =232.90; gl=22; p<0.0001; Chi-square test Angle of contact Shrub protection Shrub protection B M1 M2 Kruskal-Wallis test Average angle (º) 3.3 147.7 241.7 H=996.1; gl=2; p<0.0001 Average% shrub cover 11.7 72.9 83.1 H=701.0; gl=2; p<0.0001 49% 43% B M1 M2 B M1 M2
Seedling characteristics 16.3 ind./m 2 3.1 ind./m 2 0.7 ind./m 2 Density (ind./m 2 ) a b c Wald st.=256.97; gl=2; p<0.0001;  ANOVA  based on Poisson distribution B M2
Environmental conditions get worse Lower survival Age structure χ 2 =65.47; gl=4; p<0.0001; Chi-square test F (2, 57)  = 0.47; p = 0.629; ANOVA 1-year-old seedling density B (n=1307 ind.) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) B (n=20 plots) M1 (n= 20) M2 (n=20) density youth regeneration =
a a b Height (cm) Light level Forest influence M1:  Higher size and Pearson´s coefficient (r) H=37.07; gl=2; p<0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis test H=7.98; gl=2; p=0.0185;  Kruskal-Wallis test Diameter (mm) ± S.E. B (n=1307) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) ab a b B: r=0.60;  M1: r=0.79 ; M2: r=0.66  (p<0.0001)
a c b % damaged seedlings 6%  1 year-old seedling (n=84 ind.) 77.1%  seedling in the whole sample  (n=1345 ind.) Number of total branches M2: Younger More shrub protection B: Older Less shrub protection H=16.34; gl=2; p=0.0003; Kruskal-Wallis test  H=40.99; gl=2; p<0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis test % dead branches ± S.E. B (n=1307 ind.) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) ± S.E. B (n=1307 ind.) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) a b a
Herbivory damage M2: Younger More shrub protection B: Older Less shrub protection a b c Less density More density
Environmental conditions: Hydric stress Moss presence around seedlings increases % moss presence per plot (n=20) ± S.E. H=17.82; gl=2;  p=0.0001;  Kruskal-Wallis test Nº of seedlings surrounded by moss in each microhabitat considered.  a a b
Aspect influence (North aspect, South aspect) South aspect North aspect South aspect North aspect N
Density (ind./m 2 ) Height (cm) a b 33.3  ind./m 2 9.1 ind./m 2 U=6.00; gl= p=0.003; Mann-Whitney U test  t=-12.70; gl=1303; p<0.0001 t=-7.51; gl=1304; p<0.0001  9.2 cm 12.4 cm 2.60 mm 3.04 mm ± S.E. North aspect (n=14) South aspect (n=6) Diameter (mm) North aspect (n=509 ind.) South aspect (n=798) t-Student test ± S.E. a b a b ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1-year-old seedling density (ind./m 2 ) U=19.5; p=0.053; Mann-Whitney U test  ± S.E. North aspect (n=14) South aspect (n=6) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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Presentación Fundamentos de Investigación

  • 1. PALOMA TORROBA 1 , Mª Pilar Zaldívar García 2 , Mª Belén Fernández-Santos 3 & Carolina Martínez-Ruiz 1,4 1 Area of Ecology, Department of Agro-Forestry Sciences, University of Valladolid, Spain. E-mail: paloma.torroba@gmail.com 2 Area of Botany, Department of Agro-Forestry Sciences, University of Valladolid, Spain 3 Area of Ecology , Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Salamanca, Spain 4 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute UVa-INIA (Spain) 12 th EEF Congress. Avila 2011
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.  
  • 6. Opencast coal mine reclaimed in 1990
  • 7. Hydric stress Dry season Low water holding capacity
  • 8. B - the adjacent oak forest edge M1 - the restored mine area close to the forest M2 - the restored mine area away from forest Soil characteristics Forest influence Seed arrival 12 m 6 m 8 m 5.7 % shrub cover/plot 70.0 % s.c./plot 61.0 % s.c./plot Environmental gradient B M1 M2 M1 M2 B
  • 9. Seedling density (ind./m 2 ) Maximum alive height (<50 cm) Diameter (mm) Nº of total and dead branches Age range (1, 2-3, >3 years old) Presence of moss % s hrub cover/plot Angle of contact % s hrub cover around seedlings 60 plots, 2 x 2 m 2
  • 10. % s hrub cover around seedlings 53% 80% χ 2 =256.26; gl=18; p<0.0001; Chi-square test 97% 99% χ 2 =232.90; gl=22; p<0.0001; Chi-square test Angle of contact Shrub protection Shrub protection B M1 M2 Kruskal-Wallis test Average angle (º) 3.3 147.7 241.7 H=996.1; gl=2; p<0.0001 Average% shrub cover 11.7 72.9 83.1 H=701.0; gl=2; p<0.0001 49% 43% B M1 M2 B M1 M2
  • 11. Seedling characteristics 16.3 ind./m 2 3.1 ind./m 2 0.7 ind./m 2 Density (ind./m 2 ) a b c Wald st.=256.97; gl=2; p<0.0001; ANOVA based on Poisson distribution B M2
  • 12. Environmental conditions get worse Lower survival Age structure χ 2 =65.47; gl=4; p<0.0001; Chi-square test F (2, 57) = 0.47; p = 0.629; ANOVA 1-year-old seedling density B (n=1307 ind.) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) B (n=20 plots) M1 (n= 20) M2 (n=20) density youth regeneration =
  • 13. a a b Height (cm) Light level Forest influence M1: Higher size and Pearson´s coefficient (r) H=37.07; gl=2; p<0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis test H=7.98; gl=2; p=0.0185; Kruskal-Wallis test Diameter (mm) ± S.E. B (n=1307) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) ab a b B: r=0.60; M1: r=0.79 ; M2: r=0.66 (p<0.0001)
  • 14. a c b % damaged seedlings 6% 1 year-old seedling (n=84 ind.) 77.1% seedling in the whole sample (n=1345 ind.) Number of total branches M2: Younger More shrub protection B: Older Less shrub protection H=16.34; gl=2; p=0.0003; Kruskal-Wallis test H=40.99; gl=2; p<0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis test % dead branches ± S.E. B (n=1307 ind.) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) ± S.E. B (n=1307 ind.) M1 (n=248) M2 (n=60) a b a
  • 15. Herbivory damage M2: Younger More shrub protection B: Older Less shrub protection a b c Less density More density
  • 16. Environmental conditions: Hydric stress Moss presence around seedlings increases % moss presence per plot (n=20) ± S.E. H=17.82; gl=2; p=0.0001; Kruskal-Wallis test Nº of seedlings surrounded by moss in each microhabitat considered. a a b
  • 17. Aspect influence (North aspect, South aspect) South aspect North aspect South aspect North aspect N
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.  

Editor's Notes

  1. La variación de recursos como luz, agua y nutrientes a pequeña escala espacial puede influir en la mortalidad de los individuos antes, incluso, que las características de la propia especie que determinan su adaptación a un ambiente determinado. Así, los microambientes son capaces de definir el patrón espacial de regeneración Los microambientes se deben a cambios en el medio físico, pero también son producidos por la vegetación, que modifica dicho medio
  2. Regenerado inferior a 50 cm h
  3. Aspecto del suelo de la mina
  4. La segunda parte de los datos tomados se emplearon en describir cada microambiente con más precisión y en cuantificar el efecto protector del matorral, una de las razones que provoca las diferencias en el regenerado entre microambientes. En un lado vemos las variables individuales de las plántulas, en otro vemos los parámetros ambientales (musgo incluido) Los parámetros ambientales permiten caracterizar con más precisión los ambientes
  5. La protección lateral (frente a diferentes parámetros climáticos o herbivoría) si es más necesaria según empeora el ambiente. Esto se explica con mas detalle en el poster
  6. La densidad disminuye con la distancia al borde del bosque en el bosque se ha observado una mayor variabilidad de la densidad, lo que sugiere una distribución espacial muy irregular del regenerado bajo el dosel arbóreo, aunque siempre superior a la de los otros dos ambientes
  7. el porcentaje de individuos de cada clase de edad establecida sí es dependiente del ambiente hacia el interior de la escombrera aumenta la proporción de las clases jóvenes (de un año y con cotiledones) y disminuye la abundancia de individuos de mayor edad. mayor proporción de individuos del año en el interior de la escombrera no quiere decir que sea un ambiente más favorable para la regeneración porque la regeneración por bellota del año 2010 ha sido homogénea en los tres ambientes diferenciados éxito de la fase de establecimiento parece aumentar hacia el bosque (mortalidad causada por herbívoros no parece tan fuerte como la debida a otros factores ambientales, de los cuales posiblemente destaque el estrés hídrico, esto se sabe por la poca cobertura de matorral en bosque)
  8. Hay más plántulas jóvenes. Mayor juventud: menor nº de ramas. Por eso disminuye la media del nº de ramas Mayor juventud en M2 y mayor protección: menor nº de ramas muertas  pero las densidades indican mortalidad elevada en M2, que está bastante protegido, por tanto no son las vacas si no las condiciones ambientales Aquí hablar de la juventud
  9. Hay más plántulas jóvenes. Mayor juventud: menor nº de ramas. Por eso disminuye la media del nº de ramas Mayor juventud en M2 y mayor protección: menor nº de ramas muertas  pero las densidades indican mortalidad elevada en M2, que está bastante protegido, por tanto no son las vacas si no las condiciones ambientales Aquí hablar de la juventud
  10. tendencia a encontrar mayor porcentaje de individuos rodeados de musgo según se avanza desde el ambiente de bosque hacia el interior de la escombrera minera
  11. La estructura de edades es similar en cada orientación, pero la distribución de las plántulas de un año es mayor en umbría
  12. La estructura de edades es similar en cada orientación, pero la distribución de las plántulas de un año es mayor en umbría
  13. Los resultados señalan que las diferencias ambientales entre posiciones próximas de una misma área tienen efectos perceptibles sobre el regenerado dificultando su supervivencia cuanto peor es el medio (principalmente en humedad), y afectando al desarrollo de los individuos.