This study examined maternal effects in 29 Mediterranean annual plant species from California and Spain under drought conditions. Plants were grown in either dry or wet environments, and their seeds were collected and analyzed. Maternal effects varied across species, with 12 species showing significant responses in seed mass or number to the maternal environment. Seed number generally increased in wet conditions while seed mass responses varied in direction. Phylogeny and geographical origin did not strongly influence species' responses, except for some seed mass effects in the Poales order. The study found that maternal effects are expressed across taxa and are not consistent in magnitude, suggesting they are not constrained by recent evolution. Ongoing work will further examine trade-offs between seed size and number under different environments.