The document summarizes several child development theorists and the stages they proposed. Erikson's stage of initiative vs guilt describes physical and cognitive milestones for preschool-aged children such as standing on one foot, writing their name, and playing with others. Freud's phallic stage refers to sexual pleasure through masturbation between ages 3-5. Piaget's preoperational stage involves symbolic thinking and imagination but difficulty with abstract thoughts. Kohlberg's stage focuses on following fixed rules to maintain social order.