The document provides information about designing a research project related to daily life experiences and writing a research title. It discusses sources of research problems such as theory, practitioners, personal experience, and relevant literature. When formulating a research problem and title, the researcher must consider criteria like novelty, availability of subjects, support of the academic community, ethical considerations, qualifications of the researcher, and time factor. Examples of qualitative research titles are also provided.
A well-defined research problem is the cornerstone upon which the entire research endeavor is built, directing the selection of variables, the choice of methodology, and the ultimate relevance of the study's findings. This material will delve into the critical role of the research problem in shaping the landscape of inquiry, driving curiosity, and fostering intellectual exploration.
A well-defined research problem is the cornerstone upon which the entire research endeavor is built, directing the selection of variables, the choice of methodology, and the ultimate relevance of the study's findings. This material will delve into the critical role of the research problem in shaping the landscape of inquiry, driving curiosity, and fostering intellectual exploration.
A primary goal of mental health education is to increase awareness. This involves teaching children what mental health means, and how to maintain positive mental health. It is vital that youth understand the concept of self-care and that they are responsible for their own mental health.
CAREER PATHWAYS: DISCOURSES OF
MOTHERS IN THE ACADEME
JOVENIL R. BACATAN1
, RENE P. SULTAN2
1Master of Arts in Educational Management
2Educational Management Professor
2The Rizal Memorial Colleges, Davao City, Philippines
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to gather information in exploring the discourses of the studentmothers in the academe impacting struggles, hopes, aspirations, and their coping mechanisms employed on the
different pressures they faced. The following research objectives informed this research: to describe the struggles
and journey of student-mothers; to determine the hopes and aspirations of student-mothers; and to determine the
coping mechanisms of student-mothers of the different pressures they are facing. This phenomenological study
explored and described the experiences of student mothers. A researcher-made interview guide questionnaire was
used in gathering data. This study also involved collecting, compiling, and analyzing data gathered through semistructured interviews. From the three major themes, namely: 1) struggles and journey; 2) hopes and aspirations;
and 3) coping mechanisms; twelve sub-themes emerged which included time management, financial concerns,
negative criticisms from people, motherhood responsibilities, health reasons, intellectual challenges, to complete a
degree, to land a job immediately for a better life, to make the family proud, strengthening family bond, selfmotivation, and support from family, friends, and teachers. This research implies encouragement to other mothers
to continue their incomplete education even if they already have children or families of their own. Further, the
research suggests a motivation to push and work harder for still; victory awaits those who sacrifice and persevere.
Future directions are also discussed in this study.
CAREER PATHWAYS: DISCOURSES OF MOTHERS IN THE ACADEMEJovenil Bacatan
The purpose of this research was to gather information in exploring the discourses of the student-mothers in the academe impacting struggles, hopes, aspirations, and their coping mechanisms employed on the different pressures they faced.
A power point presentaion on
What is Action Research (AR) ?
What is not Action Research ?
The Idea Behind AR
Key concepts in AR
The Cycle of AR&How to Conduct one
Significance of AR in Education
A primary goal of mental health education is to increase awareness. This involves teaching children what mental health means, and how to maintain positive mental health. It is vital that youth understand the concept of self-care and that they are responsible for their own mental health.
CAREER PATHWAYS: DISCOURSES OF
MOTHERS IN THE ACADEME
JOVENIL R. BACATAN1
, RENE P. SULTAN2
1Master of Arts in Educational Management
2Educational Management Professor
2The Rizal Memorial Colleges, Davao City, Philippines
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to gather information in exploring the discourses of the studentmothers in the academe impacting struggles, hopes, aspirations, and their coping mechanisms employed on the
different pressures they faced. The following research objectives informed this research: to describe the struggles
and journey of student-mothers; to determine the hopes and aspirations of student-mothers; and to determine the
coping mechanisms of student-mothers of the different pressures they are facing. This phenomenological study
explored and described the experiences of student mothers. A researcher-made interview guide questionnaire was
used in gathering data. This study also involved collecting, compiling, and analyzing data gathered through semistructured interviews. From the three major themes, namely: 1) struggles and journey; 2) hopes and aspirations;
and 3) coping mechanisms; twelve sub-themes emerged which included time management, financial concerns,
negative criticisms from people, motherhood responsibilities, health reasons, intellectual challenges, to complete a
degree, to land a job immediately for a better life, to make the family proud, strengthening family bond, selfmotivation, and support from family, friends, and teachers. This research implies encouragement to other mothers
to continue their incomplete education even if they already have children or families of their own. Further, the
research suggests a motivation to push and work harder for still; victory awaits those who sacrifice and persevere.
Future directions are also discussed in this study.
CAREER PATHWAYS: DISCOURSES OF MOTHERS IN THE ACADEMEJovenil Bacatan
The purpose of this research was to gather information in exploring the discourses of the student-mothers in the academe impacting struggles, hopes, aspirations, and their coping mechanisms employed on the different pressures they faced.
A power point presentaion on
What is Action Research (AR) ?
What is not Action Research ?
The Idea Behind AR
Key concepts in AR
The Cycle of AR&How to Conduct one
Significance of AR in Education
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. OBJECTIVES
1. DESIGN A RESEARCH PROJECT
RELATED TO DAILY LIFE; AND
2. WRITE A RESEARCH TITLE.
3. You may probably observe that you are living in a society where random changes occur. In a
similar way, you may also see that problems are everywhere – from hearing news in a television
or seeing timely posted issues in a social media site up to your daily common struggles as a
student such as a feeling of difficulty in answering a test or difficulty in transportation going to
school and the like. With such circumstances, we may say that this is how the society where we
are living is designed to – we constantly deal with these inevitable problems by conducting
researches and studies in order to find relevant solutions resulting in a change for improvement.
Now that you have acquired some basic knowledge of Research as a discipline, it is time for you to
step forward by initiating a self-observation of the happenings in the community where you belong.
Your journey in Research continues by looking for a problem appropriate to your needs, interests,
and understanding towards the issue. Hence, in this part of the module, you will be provided with
additional knowledge on how to design a research project as well as its possible research title
relevant to your daily experiences.
Lesson
1
The Research Problem and the
Research Title
4. What’s In
Write Agree if the given statement describes the qualitative research and Disagree if
not. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. Hannah conducts a study which focuses on the daily life experiences of
students with dyslexia.
2. To identify the participants of the study, Joshua simply employs
random selection technique.
3. In order to solicit responses from the participants, Patricia utilizes the
interview guide as her research instrument.
4. Since the study of Kyle aims to understand the culture of the
indigenous people, he then decides to immerse in their community for
certain months.
5. Clarisse employs an inductive approach in the conduct of her study.
5. 6. The study of Gerald aims to identify the significant relationship
between the reading habits and the level of reading comprehension skills
of the Grade 11 students.
7. To gather the data needed for the study, Paul utilizes an objective type of
survey.
8. To study the challenges faced by the COVID-19 patients in the
province of Bataan, Nelson interviews 15 COVID-19 survivors as his
research participants.
9. To analyze the gathered data, Oscar employs statistical formula.
10. Michelle carefully observes the emerging themes from the
responses she gathered from the interview to answer her research
questions.
6. What’s New
Read the short selection below and answer the corresponding questions.
In the Senior High School of Barangay Masigasig, there are four students who are being
admired by others because of their hard work. These students are Carlo, James, Sarah, and
Nica.
Carlo is a consistent top student who is enrolled in Arts and Design track. After attending
his classes, he performs extra work as a dishwasher in a carinderia near his house. On the
other hand, James is an athlete as well as a good leader of the school who is enrolled in
Sports track. He attends his extra work at printing services once his class hours are done.
Meanwhile, Sarah is enrolled in TVL track and is known as one of the good performers in
her class. She sells isaw, balot, and mani when the clock strikes at 06:00 pm. Lastly, there
is Nica of Academic track who always represents her school in different academic contests.
During her free time, she serves as a tutor of three pupils from different grade levels.
Being active students of their school and showing exceptional determination, Carlo,
James, Sarah, and Nica are tagged as the Masigasig Fantastic Four.
7. 1. Who are the Masigasig Fantastic Four from the selection?
a. Carl, Jake, Myra, and Lyca
b. Carl, James, Myra, and Lyca
c. Carlo, Jake, Sarah, and Nica
d. Carlo, James, Sarah, and Nica
2. What is common among the four students?
a. They are all school athletes.
b. They are all working students.
c. They are all taking academic tracks.
d. They are all leaders of school organizations.
3. Why are they called the Masigasig Fantastic Four?
a. because they are hardworking
b. because they are all great leaders
c. because they are passive students
d. because they always represent their school in academic contests
8. 4. What do you think can be the possible common struggle faced by
the students in the selection?
a. lack of focus
b. disrupted study habit
c. time management issue
d. all of the above
5. If you will formulate a research title based on the selection, what
would be its possible focus?
a. life of honor students
b. life of student-athletes
c. life of working students
d. life of struggling readers
9. As depicted from the scenario presented in the reading selection, students at their age can
also face different struggles. This further implies that nobody is exempted, that is,
problems which may be represented as a challenge or a difficulty can be possibly
encountered by anyone. Now, as a senior high school student, it is undeniable that
you are encountering problems as well. Perhaps, you may also relate yourself with the
situations of the characters from the selection whose problem may arise from issues and
concerns regarding time management, study habit, motivation, and the like which later
can affect the academic performance.
As a starting student-researcher, you must remember that a situation that brings you a
feeling of discomfort or something that you find as challenging and difficult can be
considered as a source of problem. Such a problem may later help you to design your
study which primary aims are to investigate, explore, and understand the phenomenon.
The findings then can be used to suggest what potential solution may address the
problem.
10. The Research Problem
In starting with a research project, the researcher must have a clear problem in
mind. Basically, a research problem refers to a statement that promptly
suggests for conducting an investigation. Moreover, a research problem to be
designed must deal with some concerns in a particular field that may need an
improvement or a solution. The researcher must also observe gaps in existing
scholarly literature, theories, and practices in order to come up with a good
and relevant research problem. This designed problem then will serve as a
guide to know what kind of research study will be most suitable to address the
perceived concern.
Sources of Research Problem
There is a need for a socially relevant problem when the researcher will attempt
to conduct a study. Hence, it is said that identifying and designing a research
problem is quite a challenging task.
11. Familiarity with the potential sources, meanwhile, may help the researcher to
come up with a good research problem. As cited from Sacred Heart University
Library (2020), four (4) varied sources can be considered. These are as follows:
1. Theory. Existing social philosophies and generalizations which the
researcher is familiar with may be of a great help to design a research problem.
The researcher may observe if there is a gap between theory and practice.
Difference between what is said by the elders and what the youngsters see and
observe may be a potential source of a problem.
2. Practitioners. Consultation with the people who have direct experiences in a
field of interest may provide the researcher an idea of what relevant problem
he/she may investigate. Practitioners such as teachers, social workers, health
care providers, etc. are considered to be a good source of problem since they
are directly experiencing difficulties and challenges which are needed to
be addressed.
12. 3. Personal experience. Daily experiences can provide the researcher
an idea of what problem that needs a solution. Observation on
what is happening in the community may allow him/her to
see the common concerns of people or institutions which may
be subjected for investigation.
4. Relevant literature. An extensive and thorough review of
literature and studies relevant to the problem interest of the
researcher may enable him/her to come up with a potential study.
Through reviewing other available researches, the researcher may
be able to determine gaps in knowledge and to subject them for
replication. Thus, a good research problem will be ensured.
13. Considerations in Formulating the Research Problem
As cited from the book of Cristobal and Cristobal (2017), there are criteria
which should be considered by the researcher in order to arrive with a good
research problem. Here they adopted the proposed criteria of Barrientos-Tan
(1997) from the book entitled A Research Guide in Nursing Education. These
are further subdivided into external and internal criteria.
1. External Criteria
a. Novelty. The research problem must carry “newness.” With this, its
practical value would be easily perceived.
b. Availability of subjects. A research problem, when is subjected to a
further investigation, requires data from the target subjects. Hence, the
researcher must ensure that there will be available participants who are
capable of providing data needed for the study.
14. c. Support of the academic community. The academic community, which consists
of administrators, teachers, staff, students, and parents, should be considered by
the researcher in what particular problem will be investigated. Each member
plays a vital role in the conduct of the study. Hence, the research problem should
be clearly perceived as beneficial once it is subjected for investigation. In
addition, securing permission among the said members must be done before
conducting the actual data collection procedure.
d. Availability and adequacy of facilities and equipment. Necessary common
devices such as computers and telephones which will be used in undertaking a
study should be considered. Likewise, other needed materials required by the
research problem should be checked if they are available and sufficient.
e. Ethical considerations. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, must
not pose any unethical demands most especially on the part of the research
participants.
15. 2. Internal Criteria
a. Qualifications of the researcher. These pertain to the expertise of
the researcher to the problem. It is important to the researcher that he/she
has enough knowledge and training when the research problem is subjected
to further investigation so as to ensure the success of the undertaking.
b. Motivation and interest of the researcher. The research problem which is
in the interest of the researcher may give him/her satisfaction and
enjoyment. Hence, completion of the research tasks will be efficiently
attained.
c. Time factor. A research problem, when is subjected to a study, should
suggest to be time-efficient. With this, the undertaking will be possibly
accomplished in a given time frame.
16. d. Costs and returns. It is also important that the researcher
should consider a research problem which suggests to be cost-
efficient. When it is subjected to a study, it must not be a sort of
an expensive undertaking.
e. Hazards and handicaps. This means that a research problem
should not put the researcher in danger. The proposed study
should be safe not only to the participants but moreover to the
researcher himself/herself. Physical and mental health of the
researcher must always be considered.
17. Research Title
Once the researcher has already had a problem that will be
subjected for a study, he/she may now begin formulating a good
research title that will best represent the problem and the study
itself in general. As cited from Sacred Heart University Library
(2020), a research title should help the readers to see the main idea
as well as the summary of the whole study. Further, it usually
contains fewest possible words that can bring understanding of the
content and the purpose of the study among the readers.
18. Characteristics of a Research Title
As commonly observed, a research title is the first one to be read before
proceeding to the other parts of the research paper. Hence, it is really
important to know for the researcher what makes a research title an effective
one in order to capture the interest of the readers towards the problem to be
investigated. Here are some of the characteristics of a research title that the
researcher should put into considerations:
1. It should be limited only to substantive words with high consideration to
the key variables such as the phenomenon under investigation, the
participants, and the setting of the study.
2. It should use words that can create a positive impression among the
readers. Avoid using abbreviations as well as some word constructions such
as: “method,” “result,” and “investigation.”
19. 3. It should be in the form of a phrase with correct use of
capitalization, that is, the first letter appeared in the title as well
as the first letter of each noun word should be capitalized.
4. It should be concise by adequately implying the participants and
the coverage of the study.
In addition, a researcher may also put a subtitle which is
commonly employed in social science research papers. This
subtitle may be done: (1) to state the scope, context, and theory
under investigation; and (2) to provide a substantive and
appealing literary title.
20. Examples of Qualitative Research Title
Similar with all other parts of a research paper, the title must be carefully
formulated. Other existing research titles may serve as a basis
especially for beginning researchers. Below are the examples of title in
qualitative research:
1. The ‘Need to Transcend’: A Phenomenological Study on the Lived
Experiences of Millennial Teachers (Lacdo-O et al., 2018)
2. The Educated Citizen: Cultural and Gender Capital in the Schooling of
Aetas’ Children in the Municipality of Janiuay (Moralista & Delariarte,
2014)
21. 3. This Too Shall Pass: A Grounded Theory Study of Filipino Cancer
Survivorship (de Guzman et al., 2012)
4. Local Studies Centers: Transforming History, Culture and
Heritage in the Philippines (Perez & Templanza, 2012)
5. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Political Speeches: A Critical
Discourse Analysis (Remorosa, 2018)
Now that you have already known the considerations in selecting a
research problem and in formulating its corresponding title, there is no
doubt that you may begin to propose a study by clearly indicating the
problem with its corresponding title that is highly relevant to your
need, experience, interest, and capability as a student- researcher.
22. What’s More
Write Yes if the given situation from each item indicates good practice in the selection
of the problem or in the formulation of the title and No if not.
1. Harold conducts a study which has already been done in his school with similar
objective and participants.
2. Jessica pursues her study because she observes that there are existing research
gaps in her field of interest.
3. Gerald plans to consult the SPED teachers in his community in order to know
the focus of his study regarding the life of SPED students.
4. Joana secures the approval of the school administrator before subjecting her
perceived problem into a study.
5. The research problem proposed by Ulysses requires more time and may exceed
the target time frame when it is subjected into a study.
23. 6. In the formulation of his research title, Willy includes only
essential words and variables of the study.
7. To make her research title appears brief, April used
the abbreviation of a terminology.
8. Bea capitalizes all the first letters of each word appearing
in her research title.
9. Xian includes his participants and the setting of the study
in his research title.
10. In order to indicate clearly the context of her study, Olivia
used a subtitle.
24. What I Have Learned
Write the summary of your learnings by surrounding the light bulb with
important ideas you acquired from the lessons. Copy and answer the
illustration on your notebook.
25. What I Can Do
Formulate one qualitative research title based on the problem perceived in the
illustration below. Your answers will be graded through the provided rubric.
Scoring
system
Description
5 points Elements such as important
variables, participants and coverage,
correct use of capitalization, and
appropriate use of terminology are
observed. There is interrelatedness
of
the elements.
4 points Lack 1 element. There is
interrelatedness of the elements.
3 points Lack 2 elements. There is slight
interrelatedness of the elements.
2 points Lack 3 elements. There is slight
interrelatedness of the elements.
1 point Lack 4 elements. There is no
interrelatedness of the elements.
26. Assessment
Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer. Write your answers on your notebook.
1. Who is a practitioner?
a. a student
b. a professional
c. a critically ill patient
d. anyone who belongs in a community
2. Which of the following is the most efficient way to determine a research
gap?
a. interviewing at least a person
b. immersing oneself in a community
c. reading relevant literature and studies
d. synthesizing ideas from a day-to-day experience
27. 3. What does “novelty” suggest?
a. fairness
b. newness
c. conciseness
d. Completeness
4. What criterion in the selection of research problem emphasizes
the security and safety among the participants?
a. novelty
b. time factor
c. ethical considerations
d. availability of equipment
28. 5. Which of the following is an external criterion in the selection of
the research problem?
a. time factor
b. costs and returns
c. availability of subjects
d. interest of the researcher
6. Which of the following is not an internal criterion in the selection
of the research problem?
a. time factor
b. costs and returns
c. qualification of the researcher
d. support of the academic community
29. 7. What does “substantive” mean?
a. important
b. subjective
c. interesting
d. Researchable
8. Which of the following should be avoided in the formulation of a
research title?
a. subtitle
b. key variables
c. incomplete sentence
d. abbreviation of terms
30. 9. Which of the following should always be capitalized in a research
title?
a. first letter of a noun
b. first letter of an article
c. first letter of an adjective
d. first letter of a preposition
10. What is not indicated from the given research title below?
“Maninindigan ako”: A Phenomenological Study of the Lived
Experiences of Single Parents
a. setting
b. method
c. participant
d. main variable
31. Additional Activities
Think of a problem (e.g., societal issue) which you can relate to. Then,
formulate one qualitative research title that will seek to answer the problem
being perceived. Write your proposed research title on your notebook.
Your answer will be graded based on this rubric:
Scoring system Description
5 points Elements such as important variables, participants and coverage, correct
use of capitalization, and appropriate use of terminology are observed.
There is interrelatedness of
the elements.
4 points Lack 1 element. There is interrelatedness of the elements.
3 points Lack 2 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the elements.
2 points Lack 3 elements. There is slight interrelatedness of the elements.
1 point Lack 4 elements. There is no interrelatedness of the elements.
32. 1.What is the central research question or
hypothesis addressed in your proposed title?
2.How does your proposed title stand out in
terms of its significance or relevance compared
to the others?
3.Can you briefly describe the research
methodology or approach you plan to use for
this title?
4.What unique contributions or insights does
your proposed research title offer compared to
the others?