The document provides an overview of Section 43B(h) of the Income Tax Act and its interaction with provisions of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act related to delayed payments to MSE suppliers. Some key points summarized: - Section 43B(h) was introduced to disallow deductions for amounts payable to MSE suppliers that remain unpaid beyond timelines specified in Section 15 of the MSMED Act. - Section 15 requires payment to MSE suppliers within 15 days of delivery (or 45 days if a written agreement specifies credit terms) to avoid interest and other penalties. - For Section 43B(h) to apply, the supplier must have a valid Udyam registration certificate

1. Practical Insights into
Section 43B(h)
With particular focus on identifying MSE suppliers who
fall within 43B(h) & checking Udyam Certificates
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

2. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Development Act,2006(MSMED Act)
• Section 43B(h) refers to Section 15 of MSMED Act
• MSMED Act,2006 is a small act of 32 sections.
• MSMED Act in force since 02.10.2006
• Chapter V-Delayed Payments to MSEs-sections 15 to 25
• Section 2 of MSMED Act defines the terms used in Section 15-“appointed day”,
“buyer”, “goods”, “supplier”
• Chapter V not repealed or amended or overridden by 43B(h)
• Sums payable to MSEs not “statutory dues” for reporting under Clause 3(vii)(a)/(b)
of CARO,2020 even after introduction of Clause (h) of Section 43B
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

3. Chapter V of MSMED Act effective since
02.10.2006 till date
• Section 15 applies when any buyer buys any goods /services from any “supplier”
• Section 2(n) defines “supplier”- Udyam-Registered MSE
• Section 15 :Time-limit for payment to the MSE supplier
• Section 16: Interest on late payment @ 20.25%[3X BR] compounded at monthly rests
• Section 23 disallows interest for delayed payment in income-tax assessment
• Disallowance of interest on late payment u/s 23 is irreversible & permanent
• Section 24 gives overriding effect to sections 15 to 23 over other laws
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

4. Section 43B(h)
• Overrides other sections save sections 44AD,44ADA,44AE, 44BBB & 115VA
• Deduction otherwise allowable under the Act in respect of payable to MSE
• Any sum payable by assessee to micro or small enterprise beyond the time limit
specified u/s 15 of MSMED Actny
• Sum payable to MSE is overdue u/s 15 of MSMED Act as at year-end
• Sum payable to MSE O/S at year-end becomes overdue after the year-end
• Such sums to be disallowed u/s 43B(h) if claimed on accrual basis
• Disallowance reversible in the year of actual payment
• O/S in respect purchases from MSEs prior to 01.04.2023?Interest liability?
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

5. Issues
• Opening Balance (credit) ₹40L
• Purchases in FY 2023-24 ₹10L
• Payments made ₹30L
• Balance on 31.03.2024 ₹20L
• Can buyer claim that O/s ₹20L pertains to opening balance and
nothing is to be disallowed u/s 43B(h) for AY 2024-25
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

6. Whether Section 43B(h) applies to the
following buyer-entities????
• Buyer-entities following cash system?
• Buyer-entities eligible & opting for section 44AD/44ADA/44AE/ 44BBB/115VA?
• Charitable trusts and institutions exempt under sections 11 to 13?
• Buyer-entities with no PGBP (eg Govt Dept , Salaried, Consumers)?
• What about applicability of Chapter V of MSMED Act?
• What if buyer-entity is an Udyam-registered MSME?
• What if non-corporate buyer is exempt from tax audit as turnover ≤₹10 cr & 95% of
receipts and payments by prescribed cashless modes?
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

7. Section 15 of MSMED Act
• Trigger: “Where any supplier, supplies any goods or renders any services to any buyer”
• Word ‘any’ used 5 times in definition of ‘deposit’ shows clear intent of the Legislature to cast
the net far and wide -State of Maharashtra v. 63 Moons Technologies Ltd. [2022] 137
taxmann.com 365 (SC)
• “Any” means every/all.-Vivek Narayan Sharma v. UOI [2023] 146 taxmann.com 36 (SC)
• Supplier: MSE who has filed memorandum u/s 8(1)[Udyam Registration][Section 2(n)]
• “Goods” means every kind of movable property other than actionable claims and
money[Section 2(f)]
• A “goods” may be a tangible property or an intangible one. [BSNL v. UOI [2006] 3 STT
245/152 Taxman 135 (SC)].
• Definition of “movable property”[Sec 2(21) of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023]
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

8. Issues
• What about Purchase of capital goods? Purchase of intangible assets?
• Purchase of software????
• What about availing of professional services eg Bank asks panel advocate to prepare a search
report? Bank gets internal audit/concurrent audit done by CA firm??
• Statutory audit/tax audit/internal audit done by CA firm?
• What about works contract and retention money?
• In Dezhou Shengli Pipeline Crossing Engineering India Pvt. Ltd. v. Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Gas and Ors (legalcrystal.com/1215401), the Delhi High Court held that the MSMED Act
defines goods under section 2(f) of the MSMED Act. However, there is no definition of services. It
is therefore clear that whether a works contract falls within the definition of goods and services is as
yet not certain. IOCL’s position that a works contract, being inherently indivisible cannot be the
subject matter of the MSMED Act, cannot be termed as a patent or manifest illegality.
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

9. Timelines u/s 15 of MSMED Act
• The buyer shall make payment therefor within the time allowed u/s 15
• Can paying the bill except GST be regarded sufficient for 43B(h) & MSMED Act?
• Whether date of receipt of invoice relevant for due date u/s 15?
• Time-lines to be reckoned from each delivery of goods/services by ‘supplier’
• No average due date concept u/ss 15 & 43B(h)
• Time-lines u/s 15 computed from date of delivery of goods or rendering of services if no
written objection by buyer within 15 days.
• If written objection, time-lines computed from date of removal of objection.
• If no written agreement as to credit period, then to be paid on or before 15 days.
• If written agreement as to credit period, then pay by agreed due date not exceeding 45 days
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

10. Issues
• What if due date for payment u/s 15 falls on a public holiday or national holiday?
• Pr. CIT v Pepsico India Holding (P.) Ltd.[2023] 156 taxmann.com 25 (Delhi)
• Section 10 of GC Act,1897 applies where, by any Central Act or Regulation, any act or proceeding is
directed or allowed to be done or taken in any Court or office on a certain day or within a prescribed
period
• Any time-limit for removal of objection?
• Can written agreement stipulate less than 15 days? Say 1 day/3 days/5 days/10 days?
• Can written agreement stipulate more than 60 days?
• Can written agreement be retrospective?
• Can terms of credit on PO/Invoice be considered written agreement?
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

11. Applicability of Section 43B(h) in various
situations
Purchases pertain
to
When paid Timely /Late When deductible u/s 43B(h)
Prior to 01.04.2023 ----- -------* NA
FY 2023-24 FY 2023-24 Timely AY 2024-25
FY 2023-24 FY 2023-24 Late* AY 2024-25
FY 2023-24 FY 2024-25 Timely AY 2024-25
FY 2023-24 FY 2024-25 Late* AY 2025-26
*Interest u/s 16 for late payment &Disallowance u/s 23 apply

12. Notification No. S.O 2119(E),dated
26.06.2020
• Notification has 8 Paras
• Para 1: Classification of Enterprises
• micro enterprise :investment in plant and machinery or equipment ≤ ₹1 crore and turnover ≤ ₹5
crore ;
• small enterprise: investment in PME ≤ ₹10 crore and turnover ≤ ₹50 crore;
• medium enterprise :investment in PME ≤ ₹50 crore and turnover ≤ ₹250 crore.
• Para 3:Composite criterion of investment and turnover for classification
• If either limit crossed, enterprise will be placed in next higher category.
• Reverse graduation to lower category only if both investment & turnover fall below the ceilings
• All units with GSTIN listed against same PAN to be collectively treated as one enterprise for
computing investment and turnover limits[Para 3(3)]
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

13. Identification of MSE Suppliers for Section
43B(h), Sections 16 &23, MSME Form-1
• Whether unregistered MSE suppliers also to be considered?
• Or only Udyam-Registered MSE Suppliers to be considered?
• Whether suppliers who are medium enterprises are to be considered?
• Whether suppliers of capital goods to be included in list?
• What about MSE suppliers having UAM/EM-II registrations????
• Whether MSE Suppliers who are Traders to be considered?
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

14. Is 43B(h) applicable to Udyam-Registered
MSEs or to Unregistered MSEs as will?
• UR mandatory for availing all the schemes/benefits [FAQ 4 on MSME Samadhaan Portal]
• One cannot conclude by just reading Para 1 only of Notification 2119
• Meemansa Rule of उपक्रमोपसंहारो cited by Supreme Court approvingly in U.P. Bhoodan Yagna Samiti v
Braj Kishore (1988) 4 SCC 274
• उपक्रमोपसंहारो अभ्यासेऽपूर्वता फलम् ।
• अर्वर्ादोपपत्ती च ललंगं तात्पर्वलिर्वर्े ॥
• When you have to draw the conclusion from a writing you have to read it from beginning till end. Without
doing it, it is difficult to understand the purpose.
• If there is any innovation (apoorvata/navyata) or something new it should be taken note of. Then one
must notice the result of such innovation.
• Then, find what is intended to be conveyed and in what context.
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

15. Interpreting the Notification by applying
“उपक्रमोपसंहारो” Rule adopted By SC
• Para 2:Becoming a micro, small or medium enterprise
• Online Filing of UR on self-declaration basis[Para 2(1)]
• Para 6:Registration process
• PAN & Aadhaar Compulsory
• GSTIN Compulsory unless exempted from GST Registration under CGST Act
• Features of Udyam Portal
• PAN & GST linked details on investment & turnover taken automatically from Govt
data bases.
• The online system is fully integrated with Income Tax and GSTIN systems.
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

16. Calculation of investment in PME &
turnover and updation
• Para 4:Calculation of investment in PME
• Investment=WDV as per ITR less cost of pollution control, R&D and
industrial safety devices [OM,dated 6-8-2020 & Item 20 of Udyam
Registration Form,]
• Calculation linked to ITRs filed of previous years
• Para 5:Calculation of turnover
• Export of goods or services or both to be excluded
• Information on turnover & exports shall be linked to ITR or GSTIN
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

17. Updation of turnover & investment in
PME figures & re-classification
• Para 8:Updation of information and transition period in classification
• Based on the information furnished or gathered from Government’s sources
including ITR or GSTR, classification will be updated.
• In case of graduation/reverse-graduation, communication will be sent to enterprise
about change in status.
• When medium enterprise is to be treated as Micro or Small for Section 43B(h): In
case of an upward change in terms of investment or turnover or both, and consequent re-
classification, an enterprise shall continue to avail of all non-tax benefits of the category
(micro or small or medium) it was in before the re-classification, for a period of 3
years from the date of such upward change.[Para 8(5) of the Notification]
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

18. Udyam Registration Number(URN) &
Udyam Registration Certificate(URC)
• No PAN-based or name-based search of MSE status enabled on Udyam portal .
• Udyam Verify feature allows one to verify whether URN is genuine & allows access to URC
• No indication from URN of status as Micro/Small/Medium
• One has to obtain URN and access URC on portal
• If supplier has not put his URN on Bill or invoice, write to him asking to confirm whether he
is MSE within 15 days , and ,if so, to share his URN
• If, despite writing for the same & a reminder, URN is not furnished, then, Section 43B(h)
cannot be invoked for supplies made till the date of furnishing the same as Name-based
search/PAN-based search not enabled now. Law does not compel a man to do what he cannot
possibly perform[Canara Bank v. ITO [2009] 121 ITD 1 (Nag. - Trib.)]
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

19. What buyer-entities must look for in
Udyam Certificate
• Access Udyam Certificate through Udyam Number on Udyam portal at
https://udyamregistration.gov.in/Udyam_Verify.aspx
• Date of UR (at the bottom of the URC)
• Udyam Registration is not retrospective[ Silpi Industries v KSTRC [2021] 129 taxmann.com 228/167
SCL 536 (SC) ]
• Supplies of goods/services made prior to date of UR will not come u/s 43B(h), and u/ss 15,16,22
and 23 of MSMED Act
• Enterprise activity
• If URC shows only Trading activity, transactions with the MSE URC-holder are outside the purview
of Sections 15,16 and 23 of MSMED Act and Section 43B(h)
• Enterprise classification with effective date of classification
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

20. Enterprise classification on URC as appearing under
“Enterprise Type”
S No Classification Year Enterprise Type Date of Classification
1. 2023-24 Medium 09/05/2023
2. 2022-23 Medium 26/06/2022
3. 2021-22 Medium 16/05/2021
4. 2020-21 Small 21/08/2020
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

21. Whether and when Udyam-Registered medium
enterprise to be considered as “supplier”
• When medium enterprise is to be treated as Micro or Small for Section 43B(h):
In case of an upward change in terms of investment or turnover or both, and consequent re-
classification, an enterprise shall continue to avail of all non-tax benefits of the
category (micro or small or medium) it was in before the re-classification, for a
period of 3 years from the date of such upward change.[Para 8(5) of the Notification]
• Accordingly, a small enterprise growing to Medium can avail the provision for
delayed payment as per Chapter-V of the MSMED Act, 2006. [Q.43. MSME
Samadhaan portal]
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

22. What constitutes “actual payment” for
Section 43B(h) purposes
Issues
• Cash payment violating Section 40A(3)/Section 269ST/ Second proviso to section 43(1)
• Bill of exchange accepted and creditor balance transferred to bills payable
• Payment agreed in kind and made in kind.
• Issuing equity shares/debentures in settlement of the claim
• Cheque dated due date or earlier handed over to supplier on due date but encashed after
due date
• Cheque dated 31st March entered in books as of 31St March but encashed at April end or
in May or June and appearing in Bank reconciliation Statement
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

23. Payment by cheque effective from what
date
• Payment on the cheque being honoured and encashed relates back to the date of the receipt of the
cheque, and in law the date of payment is the date of delivery of the cheque.[ K. Saraswathy v.
P.S.S. Somasundaram Chettiar [1989] 4 SCC 527]
• CIT v. M/s Ogale Glass Works Ltd. Ogale Wadi, A.I.R. 1954 S.C. 429 Payment by cheque is an
ordinary incident of present-day life, whether commercial or private, and unless it is specifically
mentioned that payment must be in cash there is no reason why payment by cheque should not be
taken to be due payment if the cheque is subsequently encashed in the ordinary course.
• K. Venkata Reddy v. CIT [2001] 117 Taxman 141 (Andhra Pradesh) (KVSS,1988)
• Prayag Polytech (P.) Ltd. v. State Bank of India[2022] 143 taxmann.com 95 (Delhi) (OTS)
• J & J Dechane v. CIT [1990] 182 ITR 345 (AP). Also see CIT v. Rohtak Delhi Transport (P.) Ltd.
[1981] 130 ITR 777 (Punj. & Har.), CIT v. Bharat Motor Service [1987] 163 ITR 843 (Kar.)
• Post-dated cheques??? Oriental Textiles v. CIT [2005] 142 Taxman 520 (All.)
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

24. Issue of equity shares/debentures to MSE
Supplier
• Where debentures were issued to FI in lieu of interest accrued and payable
to FI and said debentures had been accepted by FI in discharge of debt on
account of O/s interest, same is to be treated as actual payment [M.M. Aqua
Technologies Ltd. v. CIT [2021] 129 taxmann.com 145 (SC)]
• When creditor agrees to convert a portion of interest into shares, it is an
extinguishment of liability and to be taken to be 'actual payment' [CIT v.
Rathi Graphics Technologies Ltd. [2015] 64 taxmann.com (Delhi)].
• Where assessee-company issued fully-paid up shares to a bank towards
interest O/S on term loan, since interest liability stood extinguished, such
issue of shares is actual payment of interest[CIT v. Core Emballage Ltd.
[2022] 139 taxmann.com 504 (Gujarat)]
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

25. Role of auditors
• Send out balance confirmation requests to suppliers. Balance confirmation request
should include a request to them to confirm MSE status and to furnish URN if
MSE status claimed.
• In their risk assessment, Auditors will have to factor in that balances of trade
payables may be inflated by issuing cheques on 31St March and handing over to
suppliers only at April-end . Check BRS as on 31st March thoroughly as regards
cheques issued but not presented paying attention to dates of encashment.
• Check BRS for each month to see whether cheques issued on due dates are encashed
shortly after due dates. If these are encashed after a long time, say after 1 /1.5/2
months, confirm directly with MSE supplier as to date he received the cheque.
• Check disputes raised with MSE suppliers.
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

26. Opportunities for professionals and
businesses
• Udyam-Registered MSE professional firms have to be paid by clients for services within the time allowed
by Section 15 of MSMED Act
• As per the data of the Udyam Registration, the net turnover of MSMEs increased from Rs.24,31,836 crore
in 2022-23 to Rs.1,76,71,897 crore in 2023-24 (till 01.02.2024). [Reply by GOI in Rajya Sabha on 05.02.2024]
• Huge rush for Udyam Registration . Professionals can assist MSEs in obtaining Udyam Registration
• Professionals can design Order Confirmation forms for MSEs. Also help them in restructuring their
business to get MSME benefits. Two firms with same partners for same business will not result in
clubbing of turnover and investment for MSME definition. Same partners can set up new plant under new
firm/LLP without losing their MSE status as both existing and new firms will have different PANs and
will not result in clubbing of turnovers.
• Huge scope for softwares which help in bulk search of Udyam Numbers on Udyam portal to identify
MSE status, activities, date of Udyam and Enterprise Type.
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G

27. Opportunities for professionals and
businesses
• Drafting agreements to stipulate 45 days credit period for past orders
without credit period stipulation. There is no stipulation in section 15 that
written agreement for credit period should have been entered into before
supply/delivery of goods or services
• Designing requests to suppliers to confirm their MSE status with URN
within 15 days or else it would be taken that they are not MSEs.
• Professionally assist clients in scrutiny of URCs of suppliers to identify
suppliers who have to be paid within the time stipulated by Section 15
BY CA Srinivasan Anand G