Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing (FxCR) is an effective treatment for wrinkles but can cause prolonged erythema and scarring. This study applied platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to sites treated with FxCR to evaluate its effects on wound healing. PRP was prepared from subjects' blood and applied to randomly selected FxCR sites. Sites treated with PRP showed significantly faster recovery of the skin barrier and lower erythema levels compared to control sites, indicating PRP enhanced wound healing and reduced side effects after FxCR. Biopsies further showed thicker collagen bundles in PRP-treated skin.
MRI contrast agents contain gadolinium which shortens the T1 relaxation time of protons, making tissues appear brighter on T1-weighted MRI images. The most common agents are gadolinium chelates which remain extracellular after intravenous injection. Rare but serious side effects can include nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with kidney disease who cannot clear the agent from their body. Most side effects are mild and temporary.
The document summarizes a study that imaged biological samples using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in dry and liquid conditions. The objectives were to image metaphase chromosomes from normal male lymphocytes and cervical tumor cells under different AFM modes and probe types, and to evaluate the imaging effects. The results showed that while contact mode in liquid increased resolution, high resolution was also achieved using intermittent contact mode in dry conditions with a high stiffness probe. Repeated height measurements showed nominal statistical differences, indicating no apparent sample damage from this method. The study demonstrated the potential of AFM for biological micro- and nano-materials characterization.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) MRI contrast agents are composed of nano-sized iron oxide crystals coated with dextran or carboxydextran. There are two clinically approved SPIO agents: Feridex and Resovist. Feridex has a particle size of 120-180 nm and is used for delayed phase liver imaging. Resovist has a smaller particle size of 60 nm and can be administered as a rapid bolus, allowing for dynamic and delayed liver imaging. Both agents are sequestered by Kupffer cells in the liver, resulting in signal loss and increased lesion detection compared to normal tissue. SPIO agents have been shown to improve detection of liver metastases and lesions.
Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is a technique that combines in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry to detect specific DNA sequences within tissue samples using brightfield microscopy. CISH uses nucleic acid probes labeled with enzymes that produce colored precipitates when exposed to chromogenic substrates, allowing visualization of gene amplification or rearrangements. CISH has advantages over fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in being cheaper, more stable, and easier to use, though it is less sensitive than FISH. CISH is commonly used to assess HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer and detect genetic fusions in cancers.
The document describes a simplified "pipette, aggregate and blot" (PAB) method for label-free DNA quantification using magnetic beads. The method involves mixing DNA samples with magnetic beads in a pipette tip, exposing them to a magnetic field to induce bead aggregation, blotting the mixture onto filter paper, and analyzing digital images of the aggregates to quantify DNA concentration. Compared to conventional techniques, the PAB method requires only simple, inexpensive materials and has potential for integration into point-of-care diagnostic devices to quantify DNA samples prior to downstream analysis.
Autoradiography is a bioanalytical technique that is used to visualize the radioactively labelled substances or molecules or or fragments of molecules by using X-ray films or photographic emulsions.
MRI contrast agents contain gadolinium which shortens the T1 relaxation time of protons, making tissues appear brighter on T1-weighted MRI images. The most common agents are gadolinium chelates which remain extracellular after intravenous injection. Rare but serious side effects can include nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with kidney disease who cannot clear the agent from their body. Most side effects are mild and temporary.
The document summarizes a study that imaged biological samples using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in dry and liquid conditions. The objectives were to image metaphase chromosomes from normal male lymphocytes and cervical tumor cells under different AFM modes and probe types, and to evaluate the imaging effects. The results showed that while contact mode in liquid increased resolution, high resolution was also achieved using intermittent contact mode in dry conditions with a high stiffness probe. Repeated height measurements showed nominal statistical differences, indicating no apparent sample damage from this method. The study demonstrated the potential of AFM for biological micro- and nano-materials characterization.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) MRI contrast agents are composed of nano-sized iron oxide crystals coated with dextran or carboxydextran. There are two clinically approved SPIO agents: Feridex and Resovist. Feridex has a particle size of 120-180 nm and is used for delayed phase liver imaging. Resovist has a smaller particle size of 60 nm and can be administered as a rapid bolus, allowing for dynamic and delayed liver imaging. Both agents are sequestered by Kupffer cells in the liver, resulting in signal loss and increased lesion detection compared to normal tissue. SPIO agents have been shown to improve detection of liver metastases and lesions.
Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is a technique that combines in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry to detect specific DNA sequences within tissue samples using brightfield microscopy. CISH uses nucleic acid probes labeled with enzymes that produce colored precipitates when exposed to chromogenic substrates, allowing visualization of gene amplification or rearrangements. CISH has advantages over fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in being cheaper, more stable, and easier to use, though it is less sensitive than FISH. CISH is commonly used to assess HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer and detect genetic fusions in cancers.
The document describes a simplified "pipette, aggregate and blot" (PAB) method for label-free DNA quantification using magnetic beads. The method involves mixing DNA samples with magnetic beads in a pipette tip, exposing them to a magnetic field to induce bead aggregation, blotting the mixture onto filter paper, and analyzing digital images of the aggregates to quantify DNA concentration. Compared to conventional techniques, the PAB method requires only simple, inexpensive materials and has potential for integration into point-of-care diagnostic devices to quantify DNA samples prior to downstream analysis.
Autoradiography is a bioanalytical technique that is used to visualize the radioactively labelled substances or molecules or or fragments of molecules by using X-ray films or photographic emulsions.
Bone regeneration in extraction sockets with autologous plateletNasim Siddiqui
This document summarizes a study on the use of autologous platelet rich fibrin gel to promote bone regeneration in tooth extraction sockets. The study involved placing PRF gel in extraction sockets of 22 patients after removing their third molars, with the contralateral extraction site serving as a control without the gel. Radiographic analysis at 1, 3, and 6 months found greater bone fill in sites with PRF gel, though the differences were not statistically significant. The conclusions are that PRF gel improves bone regeneration after extraction and accelerates soft tissue healing, suggesting it is a valid method for hard and soft tissue regeneration after tooth removal. Larger studies are still needed to better evaluate the benefits of PRF gel.
Dr Patrick Treacy on combining therapies for optimal outcomes in treating the...Dr. Patrick J. Treacy
This paper looks at the possibility of combining five
established therapies in an attempt to address
common concerns related to facial ageing. The
therapies included microneedling, low dose
Ultralase laser, (PRP) plasma rich protein growth
factors, Omnilux 633 light and neurotoxins. The technique is
called the DUBLiN face-lift as an acronym of the procedures
involved. D Dermaroller U Ultralase Laser B Blood growth
factors Li Light (near red 633) N Neurotoxin.
The author compared this method to fractionalised laser
skin resurfacing (FLSR) in terms of reduction of photoageing
and overall aesthetic effect. Neurotoxin was used in
both studies.
Wavelength selection in measuring red.pdfbitconcepts
This study examined the effects of light wavelength on measurements of red blood cell aggregation using light transmittance. Key findings include:
1. Wavelength significantly affected parameters reflecting the extent of aggregation but not those reflecting the time course.
2. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation had a prominent influence on parameters at wavelengths below 700nm, affecting both extent and time course, but only affected time course at 800nm.
3. The ability to detect changes in aggregation depended on wavelength, generally being greater at higher wavelengths.
It is recommended that instruments for measuring red blood cell aggregation via light transmittance use light sources around 800nm wavelength.
1) The study assessed the efficacy of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) who had subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulation outside the fovea causing visual symptoms.
2) In 47% of patients, PDT led to a reduction in visual symptoms at the first follow-up visit. SRF resolved in 88% of eyes at the first visit and completely resolved in all eyes by the final visit.
3) Choroidal thickness decreased statistically significantly after PDT both under the fovea and at the location of extrafoveal SRF accumulation. No complications from PDT were observed
Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation Promotes Donor Site Wound Healing of the F...Shilpa Shiv
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of LED light irradiation on wound healing of free gingival grafts in rats. The study found that LED light irradiation at 10-20 J/cm2 promoted fibroblast viability and wound closure in vitro, and accelerated wound healing in vivo by promoting re-epithelialization, reducing inflammation and sequestrum formation, and increasing collagen deposition. LED light facilitated healing, likely by reducing reactive oxygen species and promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, though additional research is still needed to validate the optimal LED conditions for clinical use.
The simultaneous advances in engineering, medicine, and molecular biology have accelerated the pace of introductions of new light-based technologies in dermatology. In this review, the authors examine recent advances in laser surgery as well as peer into the future of energy-based cutaneous medicine.
This document discusses the basics of PET imaging including positron emission, fluorine-18 production and decay, FDG synthesis, tumor physiology and uptake, detection methods, and scanning techniques. It also covers applications of PET imaging in cardiac imaging like assessing myocardial viability and perfusion, as well as atherosclerotic plaque characterization and inflammation.
This study examines the impact of temporary blood flow occlusion on direct and indirect liver injury caused by laser thermal ablation in mice. Thermal ablation was performed with and without temporary occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery. Tissue damage was assessed immediately after treatment and over subsequent days using histochemical staining techniques. The results showed that temporary blood flow occlusion decreased the extent of initial injury but did not alter the progression of tissue damage over time. The maximum diameter of necrosis was smaller with temporary occlusion at 48 hours. This suggests that while temporary blood flow occlusion may decrease the immediate size of the ablation zone, it does not enhance the overall volume of liver tissue destroyed by the thermal treatment.
This document discusses the history and development of platelet concentrates, including leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF). It describes the first generation of platelet concentrates like platelet rich plasma (PRP), and the second generation exemplified by L-PRF. PRF has advantages over PRP as it requires no anticoagulants or thrombin and forms a stable fibrin clot with higher numbers of platelets and leukocytes to support tissue healing. The document traces the evolution of platelet concentrate technologies over decades from their origins to ongoing research seeking to optimize their properties and applications.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) involves applying red or near-infrared light to injuries or lesions to improve wound and soft tissue healing and provide pain relief. LLLT works by stimulating cellular activity through absorption by chromophores like cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria. Clinical studies show LLLT can speed wound healing, reduce pain, and treat conditions like tendonitis. While LLLT dosage is challenging to define precisely due to variable beam shapes and densities, clinical results generally improve with higher total energy delivery.
Lecture to FACE Conference London by Dr. Patrick Treacy about split face study comparing two recent CO2 resurfacing lasers. Lasers compared were the Lumenis ActiveFx and the Deka SmartXide DOT
The DUBLiN method uses dermaroller, ultrapulse laser, blood factors, light therapy, and neurotoxin to activate fibroblasts and stimulate collagen production for periorbital rejuvenation. A clinical study compared the SmartXide and ActiveFx CO2 lasers and found they provided equivalent improvement in photoaging, with re-epithelialization by day 7 and minimal erythema by day 14. Histological analysis showed both lasers ablated the epidermis and superficial dermis to 100um effectively. The SmartXide has cost advantages for minor photoaging treatments while the ActiveFx is better for deeper rhytides in a single session.
Fractional laser resurfacing modalities can be used to treat various signs of aging skin and acne scarring. Ablative fractional CO2 lasers work by creating microscopic thermal zones that stimulate collagen remodeling but cause more downtime. Non-ablative fractional lasers like Er:glass cause less injury and faster healing but may require more treatments. Both can improve acne scarring and wrinkles but ablative lasers carry higher risks of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation which commonly occurs in Asian skin. Precise patient selection and education on risks and post-care are important when using lasers for skin rejuvenation.
An introduction to the use of ICP-MS in the clinical setting, that goes on to describe some potential new application areas for advanced instrumentation such as HPLC-ICP-MS, laser ablation-ICP-MS and immuno-tagging-ICP-MS for the measurement of biomolecules.
journal club - scar revision with laser and narrowband intensed pulsed lightMalaM67
The document summarizes a study assessing the efficacy and safety of combined CO2-IPL and single light IPL in treating hypertrophic scars. 138 patients with hypertrophic scars were randomized to receive either 3 sessions of combined CO2-IPL or single light IPL treatment with a 3 month follow up. Results showed that the combined CO2-IPL treatment was more effective at improving scar characteristics according to POSAS scores. 100% of patients treated with CO2-IPL expressed satisfaction with outcomes compared to 84% for single light IPL. The study concludes that combined CO2-IPL therapy provides significant improvement in scar assessment and is a safe alternative for multi-photoelectric scar treatment.
Radioisotopes emit radiation as they undergo radioactive decay and can be used for medical diagnostics and measuring blood volume. To measure blood volume, a radioactive tracer is injected and incorporated into red blood cells before a blood sample is taken to measure radiation levels. This allows one to calculate blood volume based on dilution of the tracer. Proper safety precautions must be followed when using radioisotopes due to their ability to ionize and potentially damage cells.
This document summarizes a doctoral thesis that examines how irradiation can help prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury. The thesis includes four papers that study the effects of irradiation on energy metabolism in rat skeletal muscle and hearts, as well as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in human monocytes. The studies find that irradiation helps preserve high-energy phosphates like ATP and phosphocreatine during ischemia, improves energetic recovery after ischemia/reperfusion, and decreases reactive oxygen species while increasing nitric oxide in monocytes. Overall, the thesis demonstrates the protective effects of irradiation against ischemia/reperfusion injury in various experimental models.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves using a photosensitizing agent and light to treat cancer and other diseases. The first report of using a photosensitizing drug and light was in 1900. PDT works by activating a photosensitizing drug with visible light, which generates reactive oxygen species that kill tumor cells. The photosensitizing drug localizes preferentially in tumor tissue and is activated by light of a specific wavelength. This causes direct tumor cell death through apoptosis and necrosis, as well as indirect death through anti-vascular and anti-tumor immune responses. PDT has been used to treat various cancers including skin, brain, head and neck, lung, and GI cancers, with response rates often over
Radiosensitizers are agents that increase the lethal effects of radiation when administered with radiotherapy. They work through various mechanisms like increasing DNA damage, inhibiting repair, and modulating biological response. Common types include physical agents like hyperthermia, chemical agents like nitroimidazoles to target hypoxic cells, and biological modifiers like cetuximab. Effective radiosensitizers improve the therapeutic ratio by increasing tumor cell killing while minimizing harm to normal tissues. Combining radiosensitizers with radiotherapy can improve outcomes for many cancer types.
My Presentation at the European Wound Management Conference 2013 in CopenhagenAhmed Chebbi, phd
1) The document describes a variable frequency atmospheric plasma source developed for skin treatment applications like wound healing.
2) Optical emission spectroscopy was used to identify a plasma treatment regime of 160 kHz that produced the highest levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species linked to bactericidal effects.
3) In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed that this optimized plasma treatment reduced E. coli counts the most, with longer exposure times providing higher reductions on pig skin samples.
Schuco is a company located in the UK that can be reached by phone or email for sales. They will have representatives and service experts at the British Association of Dermatologists conference on stand 62 providing free health checks using DermLite equipment.
Punch biopsy and curettage are two common dermatological procedures. A punch biopsy uses a hollow circular instrument to remove a full-thickness sample of skin for examination. Curettage scrapes or scoops superficial lesions for removal. Stiefel offers single-use biopsy punches and curettes to ensure sharpness and sterility. Their instruments are designed for precision and comfort during minor skin surgeries.
Bone regeneration in extraction sockets with autologous plateletNasim Siddiqui
This document summarizes a study on the use of autologous platelet rich fibrin gel to promote bone regeneration in tooth extraction sockets. The study involved placing PRF gel in extraction sockets of 22 patients after removing their third molars, with the contralateral extraction site serving as a control without the gel. Radiographic analysis at 1, 3, and 6 months found greater bone fill in sites with PRF gel, though the differences were not statistically significant. The conclusions are that PRF gel improves bone regeneration after extraction and accelerates soft tissue healing, suggesting it is a valid method for hard and soft tissue regeneration after tooth removal. Larger studies are still needed to better evaluate the benefits of PRF gel.
Dr Patrick Treacy on combining therapies for optimal outcomes in treating the...Dr. Patrick J. Treacy
This paper looks at the possibility of combining five
established therapies in an attempt to address
common concerns related to facial ageing. The
therapies included microneedling, low dose
Ultralase laser, (PRP) plasma rich protein growth
factors, Omnilux 633 light and neurotoxins. The technique is
called the DUBLiN face-lift as an acronym of the procedures
involved. D Dermaroller U Ultralase Laser B Blood growth
factors Li Light (near red 633) N Neurotoxin.
The author compared this method to fractionalised laser
skin resurfacing (FLSR) in terms of reduction of photoageing
and overall aesthetic effect. Neurotoxin was used in
both studies.
Wavelength selection in measuring red.pdfbitconcepts
This study examined the effects of light wavelength on measurements of red blood cell aggregation using light transmittance. Key findings include:
1. Wavelength significantly affected parameters reflecting the extent of aggregation but not those reflecting the time course.
2. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation had a prominent influence on parameters at wavelengths below 700nm, affecting both extent and time course, but only affected time course at 800nm.
3. The ability to detect changes in aggregation depended on wavelength, generally being greater at higher wavelengths.
It is recommended that instruments for measuring red blood cell aggregation via light transmittance use light sources around 800nm wavelength.
1) The study assessed the efficacy of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) who had subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulation outside the fovea causing visual symptoms.
2) In 47% of patients, PDT led to a reduction in visual symptoms at the first follow-up visit. SRF resolved in 88% of eyes at the first visit and completely resolved in all eyes by the final visit.
3) Choroidal thickness decreased statistically significantly after PDT both under the fovea and at the location of extrafoveal SRF accumulation. No complications from PDT were observed
Light-Emitting Diode Irradiation Promotes Donor Site Wound Healing of the F...Shilpa Shiv
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of LED light irradiation on wound healing of free gingival grafts in rats. The study found that LED light irradiation at 10-20 J/cm2 promoted fibroblast viability and wound closure in vitro, and accelerated wound healing in vivo by promoting re-epithelialization, reducing inflammation and sequestrum formation, and increasing collagen deposition. LED light facilitated healing, likely by reducing reactive oxygen species and promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, though additional research is still needed to validate the optimal LED conditions for clinical use.
The simultaneous advances in engineering, medicine, and molecular biology have accelerated the pace of introductions of new light-based technologies in dermatology. In this review, the authors examine recent advances in laser surgery as well as peer into the future of energy-based cutaneous medicine.
This document discusses the basics of PET imaging including positron emission, fluorine-18 production and decay, FDG synthesis, tumor physiology and uptake, detection methods, and scanning techniques. It also covers applications of PET imaging in cardiac imaging like assessing myocardial viability and perfusion, as well as atherosclerotic plaque characterization and inflammation.
This study examines the impact of temporary blood flow occlusion on direct and indirect liver injury caused by laser thermal ablation in mice. Thermal ablation was performed with and without temporary occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery. Tissue damage was assessed immediately after treatment and over subsequent days using histochemical staining techniques. The results showed that temporary blood flow occlusion decreased the extent of initial injury but did not alter the progression of tissue damage over time. The maximum diameter of necrosis was smaller with temporary occlusion at 48 hours. This suggests that while temporary blood flow occlusion may decrease the immediate size of the ablation zone, it does not enhance the overall volume of liver tissue destroyed by the thermal treatment.
This document discusses the history and development of platelet concentrates, including leukocyte and platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF). It describes the first generation of platelet concentrates like platelet rich plasma (PRP), and the second generation exemplified by L-PRF. PRF has advantages over PRP as it requires no anticoagulants or thrombin and forms a stable fibrin clot with higher numbers of platelets and leukocytes to support tissue healing. The document traces the evolution of platelet concentrate technologies over decades from their origins to ongoing research seeking to optimize their properties and applications.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) involves applying red or near-infrared light to injuries or lesions to improve wound and soft tissue healing and provide pain relief. LLLT works by stimulating cellular activity through absorption by chromophores like cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria. Clinical studies show LLLT can speed wound healing, reduce pain, and treat conditions like tendonitis. While LLLT dosage is challenging to define precisely due to variable beam shapes and densities, clinical results generally improve with higher total energy delivery.
Lecture to FACE Conference London by Dr. Patrick Treacy about split face study comparing two recent CO2 resurfacing lasers. Lasers compared were the Lumenis ActiveFx and the Deka SmartXide DOT
The DUBLiN method uses dermaroller, ultrapulse laser, blood factors, light therapy, and neurotoxin to activate fibroblasts and stimulate collagen production for periorbital rejuvenation. A clinical study compared the SmartXide and ActiveFx CO2 lasers and found they provided equivalent improvement in photoaging, with re-epithelialization by day 7 and minimal erythema by day 14. Histological analysis showed both lasers ablated the epidermis and superficial dermis to 100um effectively. The SmartXide has cost advantages for minor photoaging treatments while the ActiveFx is better for deeper rhytides in a single session.
Fractional laser resurfacing modalities can be used to treat various signs of aging skin and acne scarring. Ablative fractional CO2 lasers work by creating microscopic thermal zones that stimulate collagen remodeling but cause more downtime. Non-ablative fractional lasers like Er:glass cause less injury and faster healing but may require more treatments. Both can improve acne scarring and wrinkles but ablative lasers carry higher risks of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation which commonly occurs in Asian skin. Precise patient selection and education on risks and post-care are important when using lasers for skin rejuvenation.
An introduction to the use of ICP-MS in the clinical setting, that goes on to describe some potential new application areas for advanced instrumentation such as HPLC-ICP-MS, laser ablation-ICP-MS and immuno-tagging-ICP-MS for the measurement of biomolecules.
journal club - scar revision with laser and narrowband intensed pulsed lightMalaM67
The document summarizes a study assessing the efficacy and safety of combined CO2-IPL and single light IPL in treating hypertrophic scars. 138 patients with hypertrophic scars were randomized to receive either 3 sessions of combined CO2-IPL or single light IPL treatment with a 3 month follow up. Results showed that the combined CO2-IPL treatment was more effective at improving scar characteristics according to POSAS scores. 100% of patients treated with CO2-IPL expressed satisfaction with outcomes compared to 84% for single light IPL. The study concludes that combined CO2-IPL therapy provides significant improvement in scar assessment and is a safe alternative for multi-photoelectric scar treatment.
Radioisotopes emit radiation as they undergo radioactive decay and can be used for medical diagnostics and measuring blood volume. To measure blood volume, a radioactive tracer is injected and incorporated into red blood cells before a blood sample is taken to measure radiation levels. This allows one to calculate blood volume based on dilution of the tracer. Proper safety precautions must be followed when using radioisotopes due to their ability to ionize and potentially damage cells.
This document summarizes a doctoral thesis that examines how irradiation can help prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury. The thesis includes four papers that study the effects of irradiation on energy metabolism in rat skeletal muscle and hearts, as well as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in human monocytes. The studies find that irradiation helps preserve high-energy phosphates like ATP and phosphocreatine during ischemia, improves energetic recovery after ischemia/reperfusion, and decreases reactive oxygen species while increasing nitric oxide in monocytes. Overall, the thesis demonstrates the protective effects of irradiation against ischemia/reperfusion injury in various experimental models.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves using a photosensitizing agent and light to treat cancer and other diseases. The first report of using a photosensitizing drug and light was in 1900. PDT works by activating a photosensitizing drug with visible light, which generates reactive oxygen species that kill tumor cells. The photosensitizing drug localizes preferentially in tumor tissue and is activated by light of a specific wavelength. This causes direct tumor cell death through apoptosis and necrosis, as well as indirect death through anti-vascular and anti-tumor immune responses. PDT has been used to treat various cancers including skin, brain, head and neck, lung, and GI cancers, with response rates often over
Radiosensitizers are agents that increase the lethal effects of radiation when administered with radiotherapy. They work through various mechanisms like increasing DNA damage, inhibiting repair, and modulating biological response. Common types include physical agents like hyperthermia, chemical agents like nitroimidazoles to target hypoxic cells, and biological modifiers like cetuximab. Effective radiosensitizers improve the therapeutic ratio by increasing tumor cell killing while minimizing harm to normal tissues. Combining radiosensitizers with radiotherapy can improve outcomes for many cancer types.
My Presentation at the European Wound Management Conference 2013 in CopenhagenAhmed Chebbi, phd
1) The document describes a variable frequency atmospheric plasma source developed for skin treatment applications like wound healing.
2) Optical emission spectroscopy was used to identify a plasma treatment regime of 160 kHz that produced the highest levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species linked to bactericidal effects.
3) In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed that this optimized plasma treatment reduced E. coli counts the most, with longer exposure times providing higher reductions on pig skin samples.
Schuco is a company located in the UK that can be reached by phone or email for sales. They will have representatives and service experts at the British Association of Dermatologists conference on stand 62 providing free health checks using DermLite equipment.
Punch biopsy and curettage are two common dermatological procedures. A punch biopsy uses a hollow circular instrument to remove a full-thickness sample of skin for examination. Curettage scrapes or scoops superficial lesions for removal. Stiefel offers single-use biopsy punches and curettes to ensure sharpness and sterility. Their instruments are designed for precision and comfort during minor skin surgeries.
The document summarizes key details about the Nescens anti-aging skincare line produced by Laboratories Genolier in Switzerland. It provides information on the brand's unique selling points, product range and sizes, ingredient focuses, and clinical testing results showing effectiveness in firming skin. The line takes a comprehensive approach to anti-aging through products targeting different stages and concerns like cleansing, protection, renewal, and pigmentation.
The document describes several dermatoscope products from DermLite. It summarizes the key features of the DermLite Basic, Carbon, PRO II HR, Hybrid, DL3, and Lumio dermatoscopes. The DermLite Basic provides 10x magnification and cross-polarization viewing at an affordable price. The Carbon allows toggling between superficial and deep structure visualization. The PRO II HR is the brightest with optional camera connection. The Hybrid enables both polarized and non-polarized/fluid viewing. The DL3 integrates an improved lens with various lighting modes. And the Lumio is suited for general skin examinations with its large lens and bright LEDs.
This document provides summaries of various aesthetic products and treatments, including:
1. Platelet rich plasma treatment from Regen Labs that uses a patient's own blood to stimulate skin cells.
2. The NESCENS anti-aging skincare system formulated by a Swiss physician to address biological factors of skin aging.
3. The Excimer 308 device, a handheld 308nm UVB light for treating conditions like psoriasis and vitiligo.
4. Medical Z compression garments and scar treatment gels used post-operatively and for scar management.
RegenPRP is an aesthetic treatment that uses a patient's own platelet-rich plasma (PRP), obtained from their blood, to stimulate skin cell regeneration and revitalization. PRP contains growth factors that promote tissue healing and the formation of new collagen and blood cells. Preparing PRP involves a safe, quick process to concentrate a patient's own platelets and plasma, eliminating risks of immunological or disease transmission. RegenPRP kits are designed for various skin issues like aging, pigmentation, and alopecia, providing natural treatment options.
The systematic review and meta-analysis examined 24 studies on the use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel for wound healing. The meta-analysis found that PRP therapy significantly improved complete healing of chronic wounds compared to standard care. It also found that PRP treated acute wounds were less likely to develop infections compared to controls. Overall, the review concluded that PRP therapy improved both complete and partial wound healing outcomes.
Handyscope by FotoFinder is a mobile connected dermatoscope that converts an iPhone into a handheld device using a unique accessory, allowing up to 20X magnification for exploring moles and adding information that can be shared with colleagues worldwide.
The document provides information on using the Hyfrecator 2000 for electrosurgery. It compares the Hyfrecator to other electrosurgery methods like electrocautery and cryotherapy. It discusses the principles of electrosurgery using the Hyfrecator, describing tissue destruction methods like fulguration, desiccation, and coagulation. It provides guidance on choosing electrodes, adjusting power settings, and using different Hyfrecator configurations for various procedures.
The Coa-Comp M is an automatic bipolar electrocoagulator recommended for use in various surgical specialties. It is lightweight, portable, and has rapid setup. The generator continuously monitors tissue impedance and stops producing energy once coagulation is achieved, preventing over-coagulation. It has an LED display and audio tones to confirm activation and provide operating information. Built-in self-tests allow users to easily check that it is functioning properly.
The Beauty Treat uses radio waves to gently heat and stimulate fibroblasts in the dermis. This causes a shortening of structures that have become too long and encourages reproduction of collagen, tightening the skin from within without stressing the epidermis. Known as ReFacing, this safe, gentle, non-surgical method achieves a younger appearance by stimulating collagen reconstruction in the dermis.
Cryosurgery uses extreme cold, such as liquid nitrogen, to destroy abnormal or diseased cells. Liquid nitrogen or nitrous oxide are applied with a probe or spray to freeze tissues down to -25°C to -50°C, killing cells through ice crystal formation and blood vessel damage. Cryosurgery can treat various skin lesions and early-stage skin cancers. It has advantages over other treatments as it is minimally invasive, causes little pain or scarring, and is a quick and inexpensive procedure.
The Schuco Cryospray is a liquid nitrogen spray device designed for ease of use, safety, and cost effectiveness in minor surgery. It features an ergonomic design for comfort, a 350ml vacuum container to hold a day's supply of liquid nitrogen, and a set of brass spray tips for accurate aiming. The brass collar and stabilizing base contribute to safety and durability. It comes in a custom fitted canvas case for convenient storage and transport.
The Schuco 120 is an electrosurgical unit that provides cut, coagulation, and combined cut and coagulation modes for minimally invasive surgery. It can also be used for bipolar procedures with an adapter. The cut mode performs pure dissection like a scalpel without pressure or snagging. The blend mode combines cutting and coagulation in one for a haemostatic field. The coagulation modes include forced for superficial coagulation and soft for deeper coagulation without carbonization.
The Cryosuccess is a simple and effective handheld cryotherapy device for accurate treatment of skin lesions making it ideal for general practice, dermatology, podiatry and minor surgery applications.
The document discusses technology for early skin cancer detection using digital dermoscopy. It outlines the advantages of digital dermoscopy such as better diagnostic accuracy and less documentation time. It then describes the 3 easy steps to using digital dermoscopy which involves overview pictures of the skin, microscopic pictures of suspicious moles linked to the overview, and follow-up pictures for comparison. Additional tools discussed include mole mapping, body mapping, mole analyzer, hair analysis, and fluorescence diagnosis to aid in early skin cancer detection.
The document describes several dermatoscope models from Dermlite, including the Dermlite Basic, Dermlite Carbon, Dermlite II PRO HR, Dermlite Hybrid, and Dermlite DL3. Each model provides different features such as number of LEDs, magnification, ability to view superficial structures vs deeper pigmentation, and inclusion of polarized vs non-polarized lighting capabilities. The Dermlite DL3 is highlighted as the most advanced model, featuring a high-quality lens, increased lighting power from LEDs, and the ability to switch between polarized and non-polarized modes.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
1. Rapid Healing and Reduced Erythema after Ablative Fractional
Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing Combined with the
Application of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma
JUNG-IM NA, MD, JEE-WOONG CHOI, MD, HYE-RYUNG CHOI, PHD, JEONG-BOK JEONG, MSC,
KYOUNG-CHAN PARK, MD, PHD, SANG-WOONG YOUN, MD, PHD, AND CHANG-HUN HUH, MD, PHDÃ
BACKGROUND Fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing (FxCR) has shown considerable efficacy in
reducing wrinkles, although complications such as scarring and prolonged erythema are more common
and down-time is longer than with nonablative laser treatment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a high con-
centration of platelets in a small volume of plasma, is known to enhance tissue healing.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefits of PRP in the wound healing process after FxCR.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five subjects were treated with FxCR on the bilateral inner arms.
PRP was prepared from 10 mL of whole blood and applied on a randomly allocated side, with normal
saline being used as the contralateral control. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin color were
measured on both sides. Skin biopsies were also taken from five subjects on day 28.
RESULTS Significantly faster recovery of TEWL was seen on the PRP-treated side. The erythema index
and melanin index on the PRP-treated side were lower than on the control side. Biopsy specimens from
the PRP-treated side showed thicker collagen bundles than those from the control side.
CONCLUSION Application of autologous PRP is an effective method for enhancing wound healing and
reducing transient adverse effects after FxCR treatment.
The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
T he introduction of fractional thermolysis revo-
lutionized laser surgery, and this concept is now
widely applied to various laser devices. Using a
lagen fibrils and results in tissue shrinkage4 followed
by collagen remodeling and skin tightening. In con-
trast to nonablative fractional laser devices, fractional
nonablative erbium-doped 1,550-nm laser, the CO2 laser resurfacing (FxCR) leaves tiny holes made
creation of microcolumns of coagulation has been by vaporization of tissue; tightening is also achieved
reported, leaving untreated skin between the treated by collapse of the small vaporized columns.5 This
columns. Because epidermal integrity is preserved, and effect can be obtained only using ablative fractionated
healthy tissue surrounds each wound, healing is devices, but complications such as postinflammatory
much more rapid than with conventional laser hyperpigmentation, prolonged erythema, and scarring
resurfacing.1–3 The same concept has been applied in are more common in FxCR, and down-time is longer
ablative fractional resurfacing with a carbon dioxide than with nonablative laser treatment.1,6
(CO2) wavelength of 10,600 nm. CO2 devices heat
tissue much more intensely than nonablative Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a high concentration of
fractionated devices, ablating epidermal and dermal platelets in a small volume of plasma. PRP contains
tissue with significant heating of the immediately ad- various growth factors and cytokines released by
jacent dermal collagen. This collateral heating causes platelets, and those substances play a critical role in
thermal alterations in the helical structure of the col- all aspects of the wound healing process. The wound
ÃAll authors are affiliated with Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do,
Korea
& 2011 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ISSN: 1076-0512 Dermatol Surg 2011;37:463–468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01916.x
463
2. R A P I D H E A L I N G A F T E R F R A C T I O N A L C O 2 R E S U R FA C I N G W I T H P R P
healing effect of PRP is relatively well known, and a Mexameter (Courage Khazaka), which emits
PRP has been used in bone surgery, tendon and lig- light at three defined wavelengths of 568 nm (green),
ament repair, and chronic leg ulcer treatment.7 660 nm (red), and 880 nm (infrared). The erythema
index, which indicates the intensity of erythema, is
The small vaporized holes made using FxCR could automatically computed from the absorbed and
be used as a drug delivery route. In this study, we reflected light intensities of the green and red light.
applied PRP on the fractional CO2 laser–treated site The melanin index indicates the darkness of skin and
and evaluated the benefits of PRP in the wound is computed from the absorbed and reflected light
healing process after FxCR. intensities of the red and the infrared light.9 Clinical
photographs were taken on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and
21 (Â 60 magnification; Folliscope, Lead M, Seoul,
Materials and Methods
Korea). The results were analyzed using the paired
Twenty-five subjects were enrolled in the study. Sub- t-test using SPSS 15.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago,
jects with skin lesions on the inner arms or any IL). For histological analysis, biopsy samples were
bleeding tendency were excluded. The Institutional taken from both arms of five subjects on day 28.
Review Board of the Seoul National University Bun-
dang Hospital approved the study, and all subjects
Results
gave written informed consent. The bilateral inner
arms were treated using a fractional CO2 laser Four data groups were compared: FxCR 10 mJ with
(eCO2, Lutronic, Seoul, Korea). Each side was irra- PRP (T1), FxCR 10 mJ with normal saline (C1),
diated at (10 and 20 mJ) with the same spot density FxCR 20 mJ with PRP (T2), and FxCR 20 mJ with
(150/cm2), giving a total of four treatment sites over normal saline (C2). The average baseline parameters
both arms. The area of each treatment site was 1 cm2. showed no statistically significant difference between
the groups.
PRP was prepared from autologous blood as previ-
ously described.8 Ten mL of venous blood was TEWL reached its highest level 1 day after irradia-
drawn in a syringe prefilled with 1.5 mL of anti- tion and then rapidly decreased to nearly baseline at
coagulant solution (anticoagulant citrate dextrose day 3 (Figure 1). A slight re-increase in TEWL was
solution formula A, Baxter, Deerfield, IL). The blood observed at approximately day 14; then TEWL de-
was centrifuged at 160 g for 10 minutes. After the creased again at day 21. This transient re-increase in
first spin, the lower red blood cell portion was dis- TEWL was thought to be caused by exfoliation of
carded, and the supernatant was centrifuged at 400 g the crust. All four groups showed a similar TEWL
for 10 minutes. The resulting pellet of platelets was change pattern. The peak TEWL level at day 1 was
mixed with 1.5 mL of supernatant, which made dependent on microbeam energy. The mean TEWL
1.5 mL of PRP. One mL of 3% calcium chloride was of the sites treated with 20 mJ was approximately
added to the PRP to induce platelet activation. 20% higher than that of the sites treated with 10 mJ.
In all subjects, the PRP-treated side showed a greater
Activated PRP was applied to the FxCR sites of one reduction of TEWL than the control side in the
randomly assigned arm, and normal saline was ap- 10-mJ- and 20-mJ-treated sites (Figure 1). Increased
plied to the other arm. Laser-treated sites were not levels of TEWL are a sign of impaired barrier func-
dressed, and subjects were instructed to keep the tion; thus our results showed that PRP treatment
treated sites dry on the day of procedure. Transepi- induced faster recovery of the skin barrier function.
dermal water loss (TEWL) was evaluated using a
Tewameter (Courage Khazaka, Cologne, Ger- The intensity of skin redness was measured using the
many) on both sides. Skin color was measured using erythema index (EI). During the study, the average
464 D E R M AT O L O G I C S U R G E RY
3. NA ET AL
Figure 1. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after fractional
carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing. T1 and T2 are plate-
let-rich plasma (PRP)-treated sites after a single pass of
fractionated CO2 laser energy of 10 and 20 mJ, respectively.
C1 and C2 are the saline-applied control sites after single
passes of 10 and 20 mJ, respectively. Peak TEWL level at day
1 was higher at the 20-mJ-treated sites than at the 10-mJ-
treated sites. The PRP-treated side had greater average re-
duction of TEWL than the control side. D0, before treatment;
D1, 1 day after treatment; D3, 3 days after treatment; D7, 7
days after treatment; D14, 14 days after treatment; and D21,
21 days after treatment. Ãpo.05 with the paired t-test.
EI decreased continuously after the peak value at day
1. The PRP-treated side showed a lower EI, which
means that it was less erythematous than the control
side, and a significant difference was observed at
day 1 in the 10-mJ-treated sites (po.05). The
20-mJ-treated sites also showed a higher EI level
than the 10-mJ treated sites (Figure 2A), but the
Figure 2. (A) Erythema index (EI) (B) and melanin index (MI)
difference was not statistically significant. after fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing. T1
and T2 are the averaged values of the indices in the platelet-
rich plasma (PRP)-treated sites after a single pass of 10 and
The melanin index (MI) measures the darkness of the 20 mJ, respectively. C1 and C2 are the averaged values in
skin and is an indicator of potential postinflamma- the saline applied sites after a single pass of 10 and 20 mJ,
tory hyperpigmentation (PIH). At day 1, the MI respectively. The average EI and MI of the PRP-treated sides
were lower than on the control sides, suggesting less ery-
temporarily decreased, and then an abrupt increase thema and a brighter skin color due to control of transient
in the MI was seen between day 1 and day 3, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. D0, before treatment;
D1, 1 day after treatment; D3, 3 days after treatment; D7, 7
reaching the highest level at day 7 and then decreasing days after treatment; D14, 14 days after treatment; and D21,
gradually until the end of the study. The PRP-treated 21 days after treatment. Ãpo.05 with the paired t-test.
side had a lower average MI, meaning a brighter
skin color with less PIH, and a statistically Figure 3 shows representative clinical photography
significant difference was observed at day 3 between of T2 and C2 areas taken with the Folliscope.
T1 and C1 (po.05); the MI of T2 was also lower The PRP-treated side (T2) shows less erythema and
than C2, but the difference was not significant less pigmentation. The crust fell off on day 14, and
(Figure 2B). the control side skin was more scaly than the PRP
37:4:APRIL 2011 465
4. R A P I D H E A L I N G A F T E R F R A C T I O N A L C O 2 R E S U R FA C I N G W I T H P R P
Figure 3. Folliscope images (magnification  60) of fractional carbon dioxide laser–treated sites. The platelet-rich plasma
(PRP)-treated side shows less erythema.
side on day 14. Representative hematoxylin and that can last 6 weeks or longer, and there are risks
eosin–stained images of biopsy samples obtained of permanent hypo- or hyperpigmentation and
from control and PRP-treated side on postirradiation scarring. FxCR was developed to reduce the
day 28 are shown in Figure 4. On the PRP-treated complications of conventional CO2 laser resurfacing
side, the epidermis is thicker, and the stratum while still approaching the superior efficacy of
corneum is better-organized than in the control ablative resurfacing. Although it offers very good
specimen, and the collagen density is higher, with results and appears to diminish adverse effects
better organization of the thicker collagen fiber significantly, scarring and infection can still occur
bundles. Adverse effects such as infection, prolonged after FxCR,6,10 and down time is longer than with
erythema, and scarring were not observed in either nonablative fractional resurfacing.
side in any group.
In addition to their well-known function in
hemostasis, platelets also play a critical role in
Discussion
wound healing. When platelets are activated, they
Ultrapulse fully ablative CO2 laser resurfacing is exocytose intracellular granules that contain growth
considered to be the most effective treatment for factors such as platelet-derived growth factor
deep facial wrinkles and other aspects of severe (PDGF), transforming growth factor alpha and beta
photodamage, but even in well-trained hands, full- (TGF-a and b), epidermal growth factor, basic
face laser resurfacing causes prolonged erythema fibroblastic growth factor, and vascular endothelial
Figure 4. Hematoxylin and eosin stain of biopsy specimen from fractional carbon dioxide laser-treated sites on day 28. A
thicker epidermis with a better-organized stratum corneum is observed in the platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-treated side,
together with thicker bundles of dermal collagen fibers.
466 D E R M AT O L O G I C S U R G E RY
5. NA ET AL
growth factor. Those growth factors stimulate the immediate skin shrinkage mechanisms associated
proliferation of epidermal cells and fibroblasts, pro- with FxCR. Activated PRP becomes a gel-like
mote angiogenesis, and induce collagen synthesis.11 material containing fibrin, and fibrin can be used
The wound-healing effects of PRP in chronic skin as biologic glue.21,22 Adding biologic glue to the
ulcers12–14 and acute wounds is well established.15,16 microablative columns produced using FxCR
The results in the present study demonstrated that might assist in the collapse of the columns and
faster wound healing after FxCR treatment could enhance the shrinkage of redundant wrinkled skin.
also be achieved with the application of PRP. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the
adjunctive effect of, and the balance between,
The PRP-treated side showed less erythema in all immediate skin shrinkage and collagen remodeling–
subjects. Platelets contain various materials related mediated skin tightening associated with the com-
to angiogenesis and vascular modeling.7 With or- bination of FxCR and PRP.
chestration of these materials, PRP seems to induce
the appropriate level of angiogenesis without causing In summary, the results of the present study strongly
excessive vessel formation. Prolonged erythema is a suggest that the application of autologous PRP
common complication of FxCR, so combining FxCR could be an effective method for enhancing wound
with PRP would be a good strategy. PRP also re- healing, reducing transient unwanted adverse
duced transient pigmentation after FxCR. Inconti- effects, and improving skin tightening after FxCR
nentia pigmenti is the most characteristic feature of skin rejuvenation.
PIH, which occurs after destruction of the basal cell
layer. Melanophages phagocytizing degenerating
basal keratinocytes and melanocytes, which contain References
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Surg 2007;9:174–83. tional University College of Medicine, Seoul National
University Bundang Hospital, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-
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468 D E R M AT O L O G I C S U R G E RY