The most important mycotoxins produced by fungi include 1- Aflatoxin الافلاتوكسن 2- Fusarium toxins سموم الفيوزاريوم 3- Stachybotrys toxins سموم ستاكاي بوترس 4- Aspergillus and penicillium mycotoxins سموم الفطرين الأسبرجلص والبنيسليوم

1. ‫السموم‬ ‫أهم‬
‫الفطرية‬
1- Aflatoxin ‫االفالتوكسن‬
2- Fusarium toxins ‫سموم‬
‫الفيوزاريوم‬
3- Stachybotrys toxins ‫سموم‬
‫ستاكاي‬
‫بوترس‬
4- Aspergillus and penicillium mycotoxins
‫سموم‬
‫الفطرين‬
‫األسبرجلص‬
‫والبنيسليوم‬

2. Aflatoxin ‫االفالتوكسن‬
This poison is produced by a fungus
(Aspergillus flavus ‫فليفص‬ ‫)أسبرجلص‬ The name is
derived from the name of the fungus producing him,
where the word Aflatoxin It consists of three
sections : -
• A = Short Sex Asprrgillus
• fla = Short for type flavus
• toxin = Means poison

3. This poison is found in :-
• Cereals and most legume seeds are infected at a relatively
low concentration of about 50 ppb and may be nontoxic.
• Peanuts, cotton seeds, fish meat, copra dried pulp.
• This can lead to liver cancer when you take those pills and
nuts infected in small amounts and constantly.
In the form of weakness and abortion - lack of growth -
nausea - loss of appetite - predisposition to other diseases

4. Fusarium toxins ‫الفيوزاريوم‬ ‫سموم‬
This is known as F-2, produced by the following fungi :-
• Fusarium roseum ‫روزيوم‬ ‫فيوزاريوم‬
• Fusarium tricinctum ‫ترسنكتم‬ ‫فيوزاريوم‬
• Fusarium moniliform ‫مونوليفورم‬ ‫فيوزاريوم‬
• Fusarium oxysporum ‫اوسبوريوم‬ ‫أوكسي‬ ‫فيوزاريوم‬
This poison is more toxic to animals when they eat a food
containing it causes deformities and deterioration in the
reproductive system, known as Estrogenic syndrome
‫استروجينك‬
‫سيندروم‬
A -
‫وتدهور‬ ‫تشوهات‬
‫الجهاز‬ ‫في‬
‫التناسلي‬

5. B -
The most common type is known as (T2-mycotoxin), and is
produced by a number of fungi listed above. Also found
some types of this toxin produced in food infected with the
following fungi : - • Cephalosporium ‫سيفالوسبوريوم‬
• Trichoderma ‫تريكوديرما‬
• Mycothecium ‫مايكوثيسيم‬
• Stachybotrys ‫بوترس‬ ‫ستكاي‬

6. It causes many symptoms such as:-
laziness , Idle, deterioration of bone brain cells,
deterioration of lymph nodes and intestines, diarrhea,
bleeding and death.
‫الكسل‬
,
‫الخمول‬
,
‫العظم‬ ‫مخ‬ ‫خاليا‬ ‫تدهور‬
,
‫واألمعاء‬ ‫اللمفاوية‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫في‬ ‫وتدهور‬
,
‫واإلسهال‬
,
‫والموت‬ ‫والنزيف‬
.

7. Stachybotrys toxins ‫ستاكاي‬ ‫فطر‬ ‫سموم‬
‫بوترس‬
fungus species are excreted Stachybotrys spp.
Known as toxin Stachybotryotoxin ‫بوتروتوكسين‬ ‫ستاكاي‬,
This poison is produced on straw, hay and other
feed, in animal meals, in sleeping places, in
commercial meals, and in imported wheat for human
consumption.
This poison causes chronic and severe diseases. It
is less common in horse, sheep, poultry and dogs as
well as humans.

8. - In the form of heavy bleeding and damage to
various body organs such as the stomach, intestines,
liver, kidneys and heart.
- As well as the rising fumes of burning rotting straw
can also affect the animal and human and cause
them diseases of dermatitis and so on.

9. Aspergillus and Penicillium toxins
‫األسبرجلص‬ ‫فطر‬ ‫سموم‬
‫وفطر‬
‫البنيسليوم‬
The most important of these toxins are :-
Ochratoxins ‫أوكراتوكسين‬
Causes liver and kidney damage in pets.
Some Ochratoxins are found in animal meat that feed on
contaminated food, which is transmitted to humans causing
health problems when using such meat.

10. Yellow toxins mainly from the following toxins : -
• Citreoviridin ‫الستريوفيردين‬ • Luteoskyrin ‫ليوتوسكايرين‬
• Citrinin ‫السترنين‬ • Cyclochlorotine ‫السايكلوكلوروتين‬
These toxins are produced by Penicillium fungus that grow on
rice grains, barley, corn and dried fish.
Poisoning causes other diseases such as neurological diseases,
circulatory disorder and damage to the liver, kidneys and
others.
Yellowed-rice toxins ‫األرز‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصفراء‬ ‫السموم‬

11. These toxins are excreted by Aspergillus and Penicillium
fungus in foodstuffs and in storage and also in chilled foods,
grains and cereal products.
Pets such as sheep, horses and cows are most affected by
these toxins.
These toxins
cause tremendous tremors in the body and increase in the rate
of excretion of urine, followed by spasm and seizure, which
often ends in death.
Tremorgenic Toxins ‫االرتعاش‬ ‫سموم‬

12. This poison is produced by Aspergillus and
Penicillium.
Patulin is toxic to bacteria, some fungi, fine
plants and animals.
Patulin ‫الباتيولين‬