الصحة المهنية

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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
‫مهنية‬ ‫صحة‬
2

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Occupation Health Program
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬
&
Occupational Health Servic
: :
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫خدمات‬
PROF. DR. WAQAR AL-KUBAISY

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Differences between occupational medicine and clinical
medicine ‫السريري‬ ‫والطب‬ ‫المهني‬ ‫الطب‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفروق‬
Clinical Medicine
‫السريري‬ ‫الطب‬
Occupational Medicine
‫المهني‬ ‫الطب‬
Items‫عناصر‬
Patients irrespective to
their jobs
‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬ ‫المرضى‬
‫وظائفهم‬ ‫عن‬
Workers at all jobs (Healthy)
‫الوظائف‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫في‬ ‫العمال‬
) (
‫صحي‬
Target group
‫المجموعة‬
‫المستهدفة‬
Diseased only
‫فقط‬ ‫مريض‬
Healthy and diseased
‫ومريضة‬ ‫جيدة‬ ‫بصحة‬
Health status
‫الصحية‬ ‫الحالة‬
Hospitals and Clinic
‫والعيادات‬ ‫المستشفيات‬
Plants
‫النباتات‬
Place
‫مكان‬
Examination and
investigations
‫والتحقيقات‬ ‫الفحص‬
System of medical
examinations‫نظام‬
‫الطبية‬ ‫الفحوصات‬
Diagnosis
‫تش‬
‫خيص‬
Medical/surgical
treatment‫العالج‬
/
‫الجراحي‬ ‫الطبي‬
Occupational health
program‫الصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬
‫المهنية‬
Management
‫إدارة‬

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Occupational Health Program: ‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬:
It is defined as a ‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫تعريفه‬ ‫يتم‬
 program for promotion and protection of the health of the
working people in their working environment ‫لتعزيز‬ ‫برنامج‬
‫عملهم‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫في‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫وحماية‬
 and prevention of occupational hazards in the work place.
‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫والوقاية‬.
Staffing of occupation health program:
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫في‬ ‫التوظيف‬:
1- Industrial physician. 1- ‫صناعة‬ ‫طبيب‬.
2- Occupation nurse. 2- ‫مهنة‬ ‫ممرض‬.
3- Occupational hygienist. 3- ‫صحة‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫خبير‬
‫مهنية‬.
4- Safety engineer. 4- ‫سالمة‬ ‫مهندس‬.
5- Industrial safety personnel. 5- ‫األمن‬ ‫أفراد‬
‫الصناعي‬.

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Physician
‫الطبيب‬
‫المعالج‬
Nurse
‫ممرضة‬
Hygienist
‫صحة‬ ‫خبير‬
Ergonomist
‫بيئة‬ ‫عالم‬
Safety
engineer
‫مهندس‬
‫سالمة‬
Epidemiologist
‫األوبئة‬ ‫عالم‬
Occupational Health Team:
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫فريق‬:
WAQAR AL-KUBAISY

6. 6
Industrial Physician: ‫صناعي‬ ‫طبيب‬:
Is the key person in occupational health team. ‫الصحة‬ ‫فريق‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫الشخص‬ ‫هو‬
‫المهنية‬.
Is the the team who designs and implements the occupational leader of health program,
‫للصحة‬ ‫المهني‬ ‫القائد‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫وينفذ‬ ‫يصمم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الفريق‬ ‫هو‬ ،
His duties can be summarized in the following points: ‫النقاط‬ ‫في‬ ‫مهامه‬ ‫تلخيص‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫التالية‬:
1- Perform the pre-placement examination. 1- ‫المستوى‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫إجراء‬.
2- Perform the periodic examination. 2- ‫الدوري‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫إجراء‬.
3- Emergency treatment and/or first aid of accidents
3- /
‫للحوادث‬ ‫األولية‬ ‫اإلسعافات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫و‬ ‫الطارئ‬ ‫العالج‬
4- Diagnosis and treatment of occupation disease.
4- ‫المهنة‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫وعالج‬ ‫تشخيص‬.
5- Rehabilitation of diseased workers. 5- ‫المرضى‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫تأهيل‬.
6- Assessment of the degree of disabilities following occupational diseases and injuries and
calculate the required compensation.
6
-
‫التعويضات‬ ‫واحتساب‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫وإصابات‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫اإلعاقات‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫تقدير‬
.‫المطلوبة‬
7
-
Referral of chronic-non occupational diseases to a specialist.
7
. -
‫المزمنة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المزمنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫إحالة‬
8- Health education. 8- ‫الصحي‬ ‫التثقيف‬.
9
-
First aid treatment of emergent non-occupational conditions
medical
examination
‫الفحص‬
‫الطبي‬
WAQAR AL-KUBAISY

7. 7
Objectives of Occupation Health Program:
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫أهداف‬:
1- Protection of employees against health hazard in their work
place. 1- ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫العاملين‬ ‫حماية‬
‫عملهم‬.
2- Facilitating the placement of workers according to their
physical, mental and emotional capacities. 2- ‫تنسيب‬ ‫تسهيل‬
‫والعاطفية‬ ‫والعقلية‬ ‫الجسدية‬ ‫قدراتهم‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫العاملين‬.
3- Assuring an adequate medical care and rehabilitation of
occupationally diseased and injured workers. 3- ‫تأمين‬
‫المصابين‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫وتأهيل‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الرعاية‬
‫مهنة‬ ‫بأمراض‬ ‫والمصابين‬.
Occupational nurse: ‫وظيفي‬ ‫ممرض‬:
She/he assists the physician in providing medical services,
assists in supervising the work environment, educates workers,
and keeps medical records. ‫م‬ ‫تقدي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫بيب‬ ‫الط‬ ‫اعد‬ ‫يس‬
‫ة‬ ‫بيئ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫عل‬ ‫اإلشراف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫اعد‬ ‫ويس‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الخدمات‬
‫الطبية‬ ‫بالسجالت‬ ‫ويحتفظ‬ ، ‫العاملين‬ ‫ويثقف‬ ، ‫العمل‬.

8. 8
Activities of Occupation Health Program
&
Occupational Health Services
&
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫أنشطة‬
l-Maintenance of healthful work environment
1
-
‫صحية‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحافظة‬
2
-
Diagnosis and treatment of occupation diseases
2
-
‫المهنة‬ ‫أمراض‬ ‫وعالج‬ ‫تشخيص‬
3- Promotion of workers' health. 3- ‫العمال‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫تعزيز‬.
4- Prevention of occupational health hazards. 4- ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫مخاطر‬.
5- Control of occupational health hazards. 5- ‫على‬ ‫السيطرة‬
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫مخاطر‬.
6- Rehabilitation and compensation of the disabled workers.
6- ‫المعوقين‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫وتعويض‬ ‫تأهيل‬.
7-Provide special care for vulnerable groups of workers
namely women and children. 7- ‫للفئات‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫توفير‬
‫واألطفال‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫وهي‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫من‬ ‫الضعيفة‬.
8- Keep good health recording system (the seeing eye of occupational
health team). 8- (
‫فريق‬ ‫رؤية‬ ‫عين‬ ‫جيد‬ ‫صحي‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫على‬ ‫حافظ‬

9. 9
1- Maintenance of Healthful Work Environment:
1- ‫الصحية‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحفاظ‬:
This requires personnel skilled in industrial hygiene to
‫ل‬ ‫الصناعية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫مهرة‬ ‫موظفين‬ ‫يتطلب‬ ‫هذا‬
 perform periodic inspection of the different departments of
the factory and ‫من‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫أقسام‬ ‫لـ‬ ‫دوري‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫إجراء‬
‫و‬ ‫المصنع‬
 evaluate the work environment ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫تقييم‬
 In order to detect and appraise(assess) health hazards.
) (
‫الصحية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫تقييم‬ ‫وتقييم‬ ‫اكتشاف‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬.
Such appraisals together with knowledge of industrial
process and materials used, provide the basis for‫مثل‬ ‫توفر‬
‫بالعملية‬ ‫المعرفة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫جنب‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫جن‬ ‫التقييمات‬ ‫هذه‬
‫ا‬ً‫أساس‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫والمواد‬ ‫الصناعية‬
Activities of Occupation Health Program &Occupational Health
Services Cont
‫الصحة‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫متابعة‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫أنشطة‬
... .‫المهنية‬
..
l-Maintenance of healthful work
environment
2
-
Diagnosis and treatment of OD
3- Promotion of workers' health.
4- Prevention of occupational health
hazards.
5- Control of occupational health
hazards.
6- Rehabilitation and compensation.
7-Provide special care for vulnerable
groups
8- Keep good health recording system

10. 07/01/2026 10
2-Diagnosis and treatment of occupation diseases:
2-‫المهنة‬ ‫امراض‬ ‫وعالج‬ ‫تشخيص‬:
The following criteria should be fulfilled to confirm such diagnosis:
‫التشخيص‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫لتأكيد‬ ‫التالية‬ ‫المعايير‬ ‫استيفاء‬ ‫يجب‬:
1. A detailed occupational history of exposure to hazardous
agent or process should be taken from the workers. ‫مفصل‬ ‫مهني‬ ‫تاريخ‬
‫العمال‬ ‫من‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الوكيل‬ ‫أخذ‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫الخطر‬ ‫للمواد‬ ‫للتعرض‬.
2. Symptoms and signs of the disease must coincide
with documented manifestations of the occupational disease. 2. ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬
‫المهني‬ ‫للمرض‬ ‫موثقة‬ ‫مظاهر‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المرض‬ ‫وعالمات‬ ‫أعراض‬ ‫تتزامن‬.
3.Measures and samples taken from the environment indicate that the causative
agent is present in a sufficien concentration to produce the disease. 3- ‫تشير‬
‫موجود‬ ‫المسبب‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫البيئة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المأخوذة‬ ‫والعينات‬ ‫اإلجراءات‬
‫المرض‬ ‫إلنتاج‬ ٍ‫كاف‬ ‫بتركيز‬.
4. The manifestations are improved when the worker gets out from the work place
and are aggravated by getting back to the work place. 4. ‫عندما‬ ‫المظاهر‬ ‫تتحسن‬
‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫بالعودة‬ ‫وتتفاقم‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫من‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫يخرج‬.
5. The same manifestations are prevailed among other workers in the same work
circumstances. 5. ‫نفس‬ ‫في‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫بين‬ ‫المظاهر‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫تسود‬
‫العمل‬ ‫ظروف‬.
l-Maintenance of healthful work environment
2
-
Diagnosis and treatment of OD
3- Promotion of workers' health.
4- Prevention of occupational health hazards.
5- Control of occupational health hazards.
6- Rehabilitation and compensation.
7-Provide special care for vulnerable groups
8- Keep good health recording system
Activities of Occupation Health Program &Occupational Health Services
‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫ببرنامج‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫أنشطة‬

11. 11
3. Promotion of workers' health:3 - ‫العمال‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫تعزيز‬:
(A) Improvement of the health and working capacity of workers
‫العمل‬ ‫على‬ ‫وقدرتهم‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫تحسين‬
(B) Improvement of work environment: (‫)ب‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫تحسين‬:
A. Improvement of the health and working capacity of workers through:
- ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫على‬ ‫وقدرتهم‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫تحسين‬:
1- Adequate nutrition (for every type of occupation) either by
1- ) (
‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫إما‬ ‫المهنة‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫من‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫الكافية‬ ‫التغذية‬
*Nutrition Education and support as well as * ‫كذلك‬ ‫والدعم‬ ‫التثقيفية‬ ‫التغذية‬
**Prevention and control of parasitic diseases. ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬
‫ومكافحتها‬ ‫الطفيلية‬.
2- Socioeconomic development through:2- ‫واالجتماعية‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫التنمية‬
‫خالل‬ ‫من‬:
- Improving workers' income. - ‫العمال‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫تحسين‬.
- Guidance for proper expending of this income. - ‫هذا‬ ‫إنفاق‬ ‫حسن‬ ‫إرشاد‬
‫الدخل‬.
3- Social welfare through:3- ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫الرعاية‬:
- Management of family problems. - ‫األسرة‬ ‫مشاكل‬ ‫إدارة‬.
- Making good social relations at work. - ‫جيدة‬ ‫اجتماعية‬ ‫عالقات‬ ‫إقامة‬
‫العمل‬ ‫في‬.
Activities of Occupation Health Program &Occupational Health Services

12. 12
(B) Improvement of work environment:(‫)ب‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫تحسين‬:
This can be achieved through good sanitation of work place by:
‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫لمكان‬ ‫الجيد‬ ‫اإلصحاح‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫يمكن‬:
a. Good design of the machines. ‫لآلالت‬ ‫الجيد‬ ‫التصميم‬.
b. Suitable housekeeping. ‫المناسب‬ ‫المنزلي‬ ‫التدبير‬.
c. Proper lighting and ventilation. ‫المناسبة‬ ‫والتهوية‬ ‫اإلضاءة‬.
d. Good control for physical hazards as heat, radiation and noise.
‫والضوضاء‬ ‫واإلشعاع‬ ‫الحرارة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الجسدية‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫في‬ ‫جيد‬ ‫تحكم‬.
e. Supplying work place with washing facilities and suitable
transportation means. ‫ووسائل‬ ‫االغتسال‬ ‫بمرافق‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫تجهيز‬
‫المناسبة‬ ‫النقل‬.
4- Prevention of occupational health hazards:4- ‫الصحة‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬
‫المهنية‬:
Prevention of occupational disease or accident occurrence through integrated
efforts of many disciplines as:‫الحوادث‬ ‫وقوع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬
‫مثل‬ ‫التخصصات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للعديد‬ ‫متكاملة‬ ‫جهود‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬:
a) Medical prevention: )
‫الطبية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫أ‬:
b) Engineering prevention: )
‫الهندسية‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫ب‬:
Promotion of workers' health:
A.Improvement of the health and working capacity
B.Improvement of work environment

13. 13
a) Medical prevention:‫الطبية‬ ‫الوقاية‬:
i. Pre-employment medical examination ‫التوظيف‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬
for all persons to choose the suitable worker to the job which suits his physical
capacities and mental abilities, ‫المناسب‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫يختار‬ ‫أن‬
‫والذهنية‬ ‫البدنية‬ ‫قدراته‬ ‫تناسب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للوظيفة‬ ،
ii Pre-placement examination:‫التنسيب‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فحص‬:
 this type of medical examination must be done by the
‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬
 occupational physician of the plant to which the worker is
‫العامل‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫يعمل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫للمصنع‬ ‫المهني‬ ‫الطبيب‬
 joined to put the suitable worker in the suitable process that suits his health
condition. ‫وضعه‬ ‫تناسب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المناسب‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫لوضع‬ ‫ضمه‬ ‫تم‬
‫الصحي‬.
 Each employee is subjected to a pre-placement examination before joining a
i. Pre-employment medical examination‫قبل‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬
‫التوظيف‬
ii. Pre-placement examination: ‫التنسيب‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فحص‬:
iii. Periodic medical examination ‫الدوري‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬
iv. Health education ‫الصحي‬ ‫التثقيف‬
v. Immunization of workers and chemoprophylaxis
‫الكيميائية‬ ‫والوقاية‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫تحصين‬

14. 14
Each employee is subjected to a pre-placement
examination before joining a new job
:
‫جديدة‬ ‫بوظيفة‬ ‫االلتحاق‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫المسبق‬ ‫للتنسيب‬ ‫موظف‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يخضع‬
1- personal , family and medical history . 1- ‫والطبي‬ ‫والعائلي‬ ‫الشخصي‬ ‫التاريخ‬.
2- Proper past and present occupational history. 2- ‫في‬ ‫السليم‬ ‫المهني‬ ‫التاريخ‬
‫والحاضر‬ ‫الماضي‬.
3- Complete physical examination. 3- ‫الكامل‬ ‫البدني‬ ‫الفحص‬.
4- Laboratory investigation related to the nature of the work e.g workers joining dusty
work e.g cotton industry should do an X-ray chest.
4- ‫المتربة‬ ‫باألعمال‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫التحاق‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بطبيعة‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫المخبرية‬ ‫التحريات‬
‫للصدر‬ ‫إكس‬ ‫بأشعة‬ ‫يقوموا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫القطن‬ ‫صناعة‬ ‫مثل‬.
 Objectives of the pre-placement examination:
‫التنسيب‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫امتحان‬ ‫أهداف‬:
1- Proper placement of workers according to their medical and physical abilities to
perform their job without hazards.
1- ‫عملهم‬ ‫ألداء‬ ‫والبدنية‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫قدراتهم‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫للعمال‬ ‫المناسب‬ ‫التنسيب‬
‫مخاطر‬ ‫دون‬.
2- Put a base- line of the health status of the workers.
2- ‫للعمال‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫للحالة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫خط‬ ‫وضع‬.
3- Establishing records for the condition of the workers at the start of the job be
used in case of compensation 3-‫العمل‬ ‫بدء‬ ‫عند‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫ألحوال‬ ‫سجالت‬ ‫إنشاء‬
‫التعويض‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تستخدم‬
Pre-placement examination Cont. .. Medical prevention
Pre-employment medical examination
Pre-placement examination:
Periodic medical examination
Health education
Immunization of workers and chemoprophylaxis
07/01/2026

15. 15
iii Periodic medical examinationiii ‫الدوري‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬
 for Early Detection of any health hazards arises from exposure to an offending
agent at workplace where intervention (early treatment) can slow, halt (stop) or
reverse the progression
‫المخالف‬ ‫للعامل‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تنشأ‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫أي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المبكر‬ ‫للكشف‬
) (
‫يوقف‬ ‫أو‬ ‫يبطئ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المبكر‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫للتدخل‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬
) (
‫التقدم‬ ‫يعكس‬ ‫أو‬ ‫يوقف‬
 Done at certain intervals It is either every six months or every two years ‫يتم‬
‫عامين‬ ‫كل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أشهر‬ ‫ستة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫إما‬ ‫ويكون‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫فترات‬ ‫على‬ ‫إجراؤه‬
These intervals vary according to:‫حسب‬ ‫الفترات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تختلف‬:
type of the hazards ,duration, Severity or level of exposure
.
*
* .‫التعرض‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الخطورة‬ ، ‫المدة‬ ، ‫األخطار‬ ‫نوع‬
* Individual findings in each examination . * ‫فحص‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الفردية‬ ‫النتائج‬
Focusing on the body systems which can be affected by exposure in the job. ‫التركيز‬
‫الوظيفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫بالتعرض‬ ‫تتأثر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫أجهزة‬ ‫على‬.
 depending on the result of periodic examination, the workers may
be temporally or permanently removed from further exposure or
may be advised to continue work. ‫الفحص‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫على‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫اعتما‬
‫من‬ ‫دائم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مؤقت‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫إبعاد‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫قد‬ ، ‫الدوري‬
‫العمل‬ ‫بمواصلة‬ ‫نصح‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اإلضافي‬ ‫التعرض‬.
It includes ‫ويشمل‬
Medical prevention:
Pre-employment medical exam
Pre-placement examination:
Periodic medical examin
Health education
Immunization of workers
chemoprophylaxis

16. 07/01/2026 16
The items of periodic medical examination (screening) include the
following: ) (
‫يلي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫الفرز‬ ‫الدوري‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫بنود‬ ‫تشمل‬:
1- Survey (questionnaire): inquires about history of exposure to any hazardous
substance or process at work place as well as any abnormal symptoms or
complains. 1- :) (
‫عملية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫ألي‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫عن‬ ‫االستفسار‬ ‫االستبيان‬ ‫المسح‬
‫طبيعية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫شكاوى‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أعراض‬ ‫أي‬ ‫وكذلك‬ ‫مل‬a
‫ع‬‫ال‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫خطرة‬.
2- Clinical examination. 2- ‫السريري‬ ‫الفحص‬.
3- Laboratory investigations as: chest X-ray, 3- :‫مثل‬ ‫المخبرية‬ ‫الفحوصات‬
‫الصدر‬ ‫أشعة‬ ،
pulmonary function tests, audiometric evaluation. ‫الرئة‬ ‫وظائف‬ ‫اختبارات‬
‫السمع‬ ‫قياس‬ ‫وتقييم‬.
4- Biologic monitoring; by examination of blood, urine and exhaled air. for
early detection of any disturbed physiologic function or toxic substance level
4- . .
‫الزفير‬ ‫وهواء‬ ‫والبول‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البيولوجية‬ ‫المراقبة‬
‫مادة‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفسيولوجية‬ ‫الوظيفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫خلل‬ ‫أي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المبكر‬ ‫للكشف‬
‫سامة‬
C- Early treatment of the diagnosed occupational diseases. -
‫المبكر‬ ‫الج‬a
‫ع‬‫ال‬ ‫ج‬
‫المشخصة‬ ‫المهنة‬ ‫ألمراض‬.
D- First aid treatment of any occupational injuries. -
‫ألية‬ ‫األولية‬ ‫اإلسعافات‬ ‫د‬
‫مهنية‬ ‫إصابات‬.
Periodic medical examination Cont. ..

17. Objectives of periodic examination: ‫الدوري‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫أهداف‬:
1
.
Determine if the worker's health remains compatible with job.
1
. .
‫الوظيفة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫متوافقة‬ ‫تزال‬ ‫ال‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫تحديد‬
2
.
Detect early any deviation from normal in the worker's health and
thus early detection of occupational disease
.
2
.
‫وبالتالي‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطبيعي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫انحراف‬ ‫أي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المبكر‬ ‫الكشف‬
.‫المهنة‬ ‫ألمراض‬ ‫المبكر‬ ‫االكتشاف‬
3. Evaluate the control measures in the factory. ‫في‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫إجراءات‬ ‫تقييم‬
‫المصنع‬
iv Health education and counseling ‫واإلرشاد‬ ‫التثقيف‬
‫الصحي‬
Occupational health personnel should educate employees about
personal hygiene and ‫الصحة‬ ‫مجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫العاملين‬ ‫على‬ ‫يجب‬
‫و‬ ‫الشخصية‬ ‫النظافة‬ ‫حول‬ ‫الموظفين‬ ‫تثقيف‬ ‫المهنية‬
Health maintenance. ‫الصحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحافظة‬.
The industrial physician and nurse should co-operate with the
safety engineer and industrial hygienist ‫الطبيب‬ ‫يتعاون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬
‫الصحة‬ ‫وخبير‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫مهندس‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الصناعي‬ ‫والممرض‬
‫الصناعية‬
to educate the employees
about prevention of accidents and OD
‫و‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوقاية‬ ‫حول‬ ‫الموظفين‬ ‫لتثقيف‬
‫التنظيمي‬ ‫التطوير‬
Health education of workers can be done:

18. 07/01/2026 18
Health education of workers can be done: ‫الصحي‬ ‫بالتثقيف‬ ‫القيام‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫للعاملين‬:
1- During periodic examination. 1- ‫الدوري‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫أثناء‬.
2- On reviewing laboratory test results. 2- ‫نتائج‬ ‫مراجعة‬ ‫عند‬
‫المخبرية‬ ‫الفحوصات‬.
3- During treatment. 3- ‫العالج‬ ‫أثناء‬.
4- At a time of specific enquiry by employees. 4- ‫استفسار‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫في‬
‫الموظفين‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫محدد‬.
5- On a request of work group. 5- ‫العمل‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫طلب‬ ‫على‬ ‫بناء‬.
6- On introduction of a new process or a new hazardous material.
6- ‫جديدة‬ ‫خطرة‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫جديدة‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫إدخال‬ ‫عند‬.
Successful health education
 will improve safe working habits and
 will reduce both
 the lost time rate and
 the incidence of minor accidents as well
Health education and counseling Cont. ..
V . Immunization of workers and chemoprophylaxis
.
‫الكيميائية‬ ‫والوقاية‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫تحصين‬ ‫الخامس‬
to combat any infectious disease that may be contracted during the
course of their occupation‫خالل‬ ‫ينتقل‬ ‫قد‬ ‫معد‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫أي‬ ‫لمكافحة‬
‫احتاللهم‬ ‫فترة‬
‫الصحي‬ ‫التثقيف‬
‫الناجح‬
‫العمل‬ ‫عادات‬ ‫سيحسن‬
‫اآلمنة‬
‫كالهما‬ ‫سيقلل‬
‫و‬ ‫الضائع‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫معدل‬
‫الحوادث‬ ‫وقوع‬
‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫البسيطة‬

19. 07/01/2026
b) Engineering prevention: through:- : )
‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الهندسي‬ ‫المنع‬ ‫ب‬:
1. Mechanization of heavy work process to lighten the physical strain. ‫ميكنة‬
‫البدني‬ ‫الضغط‬ ‫لتخفيف‬ ‫الشاق‬ ‫العمل‬.
2. Substitution of hazardous substance or operation by non hazardous one 2.
‫خطرة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫بمادة‬ ‫خطرة‬ ‫ملية‬a
‫ع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫استبدال‬
3. Enclosure: ‫نسيج‬
machine guarding ‫حراسة‬ ‫الة‬
4. Isolation: 4. ‫العزلة‬:
isolation of hazardous process inside the work place (radiation).
) (
‫إشعاع‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫الخطرة‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫عزل‬.
5. Segregation 5. ‫الفصل‬
of hazardous process away from work places. ‫أماكن‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫بعي‬ ‫الخطرة‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫من‬
‫مل‬a
‫ع‬‫ال‬.
6. Good ventilation: 6. ‫جيدة‬ ‫تهوية‬:
i. by fans to increase air movement or ‫أو‬ ‫الهواء‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫لزيادة‬ ‫المراوح‬ ‫بواسطة‬
ii. by exhaust system for suction of hazardous gases or ‫ادم‬a
‫ع‬‫ال‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫بواسطة‬
‫أو‬ ‫الخطرة‬ ‫الغازات‬ ‫لشفط‬
iii. dust to be collected in a special disposal system ‫نظام‬ ‫في‬ ‫الغبار‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫يتم‬
‫الخاص‬ ‫التخلص‬
Cont. ..Prevention of occupational health hazards
19

20. 20
7. Good lighting and control of other physical hazards at workplace
as heat, noise and radiation. 7. ‫في‬ ‫والتحكم‬ ‫الجيدة‬ ‫اإلضاءة‬
‫الحرارة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫في‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫المادية‬ ‫األخطار‬
‫واإلشعاع‬ ‫والضوضاء‬.
8. Assurance of Ergonomics at work place: 8. ‫في‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫ضمان‬
‫العمل‬ ‫مكان‬:
a. to adapt the work situation to physical capabilities of the worker ‫لتكييف‬
‫للعامل‬ ‫البدنية‬ ‫القدرات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫حالة‬
b. to prevent loss of effort and time and ‫و‬ ‫والوقت‬ ‫الجهد‬ ‫ضياع‬ ‫لمنع‬
c. to prevent development of accidents and ‫و‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫تطور‬ ‫لمنع‬
d. to prevent development musclo-skeletal disorders‫تطور‬ ‫لمنع‬
‫الهيكلية‬ ‫العضلية‬ ‫االضطرابات‬
Prevention of occupational health hazards Engineering prevention Cont. ..
c) Hygienic prevention: through:-
 Providing good sanitary facilities as washing, changing clothes before and after work,
skin and mouth hygiene.
‫العمل‬ ‫وبعد‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المالبس‬ ‫وتغيير‬ ‫الغسيل‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫جيدة‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫مرافق‬ ‫توفير‬
‫والفم‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫ونظافة‬.
 Supplying protective equipment(PPE) ‫الحماية‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫توريد‬ (PPE)
as respirators, protective clothes, and ear muffs or plugs. ‫واقية‬ ‫ومالبس‬ ‫تنفس‬ ‫كأجهزة‬
‫لألذن‬ ‫سدادات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وسدادات‬.
 Work environment monitoring for detection and evaluation of environmental
pollutants, ‫وتقييمها‬ ‫البيئية‬ ‫الملوثات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للكشف‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫مراقبة‬.

21. 21
 Work environment monitoring for detection and evaluation of environmental pollutants,
‫وتقييمه‬ ‫البيئية‬ ‫الملوثات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للكشف‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫بيئة‬ ‫مراقبة‬
‫ا‬ .
threshold limit value (TLV) of a chemical substance.
‫الحدية‬ ‫القيمة‬ (TLV) ‫كيميائية‬ ‫لمادة‬.
 Ensuring that work legislations are applied as: ‫من‬ ‫التأكد‬
‫التالي‬ ‫النحو‬ ‫على‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫تشريعات‬ ‫تطبيق‬:
 work and rest hours, ‫والراحة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫ساعات‬ ،
 setting rules for employment of women and children and
‫و‬ ‫واألطفال‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫لتوظيف‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫وضع‬
 investigation for detection of the cause of workers‘
absenteeism. ‫العمال‬ ‫تغيب‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للكشف‬ ‫تحقيق‬.
Hygienic prevention Cont. .. Prevention of occupational health hazards
5- Control of occupational health hazards: 5- ‫الصحة‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫على‬ ‫السيطرة‬
‫المهنية‬:
 It includes early detection of OD and‫عن‬ ‫المبكر‬ ‫الكشف‬ ‫ويشمل‬ OD
 Early treatment through the following measures:‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المبكر‬ ‫العالج‬
‫التالية‬ ‫اإلجراءات‬:
A- Pre-placement medical examination -
‫اإليداع‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫أ‬
B- Periodic medical examination: -
‫الدوري‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫الفحص‬ ‫ب‬:

22. 07/01/2026 22
6- Rehabilitation and compensation of the disabled
workers. 6- ‫المعوقين‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫وتعويض‬ ‫تأهيل‬.
Rehabilitation of disabled workers aims to:
‫إلى‬ ‫المعوقين‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫تأهيل‬ ‫يهدف‬:
 Minimize or prevent the disability. ‫اإلعاقة‬ ‫امنع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫قلل‬.
 Retraining the disabled worker for a new job suitable for his
new physical and mental capacities.
‫قدراته‬ ‫مع‬ ‫يتناسب‬ ‫جديد‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫على‬ ‫المعوق‬ ‫تدريب‬ ‫إعادة‬
‫الجديدة‬ ‫والعقلية‬ ‫الجسدية‬.
 Compensation of the disabled workers after evaluation of the
disability resulted from occupational disease or accident and
giving him some privileges. ‫بعد‬ ‫المعاق‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫تعويض‬
‫ومنحه‬ ‫مهني‬ ‫حادث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫اإلعاقة‬ ‫تقييم‬
‫االمتيازات‬ ‫بعض‬.
Activities of Occupation Health Program &Occupational Health Services

23. 07/01/2026
Rehabilitation types include:‫إعادة‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫تشمل‬
‫التأهيل‬:
A– Psychosocial services :‫وإجتماعي‬ ‫نفسي‬ ‫تأهيل‬
Family counseling. ‫األسرية‬ ‫االستشارة‬.
Social, psychiatric and recreation services. ‫الخدمات‬
‫والترفيهية‬ ‫والنفسية‬ ‫االجتماعية‬.
All these tasks are carried by psychologist and psychiatrist‫كل‬
‫نفساني‬ ‫وطبيب‬ ‫نفساني‬ ‫طبيب‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫المهام‬ ‫هذه‬
B- Medical services ‫طبي‬ ‫تأهيل‬:
 Diagnosis ‫تشخبص‬
 Treatment ‫معاملة‬ ‫او‬ ‫عالج‬
 Follow up ‫متابعة‬
All these tasks are carried by
industrial doctor. ‫هذه‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تنفيذ‬ ‫يتم‬
‫صناعي‬ ‫طبيب‬ ‫المهام‬
C- Vocational services: ‫مهني‬ ‫تأهيل‬
 Vocational assessment and attitude exploration
‫المواقف‬ ‫واستكشاف‬ ‫المهني‬ ‫التقييم‬
 Vocational training.
‫مهني‬ ‫تدريب‬.
 Placement in a suitable job.
‫مناسبة‬ ‫وظيفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫التنسيب‬.

24. 07/01/2026 24

25. 25
7-Provide Special Care For Vulnerable Groups of Workers:
7- ‫العمال‬ ‫من‬ ‫الضعيفة‬ ‫للفئات‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫توفير‬:
Namely women and children. ‫واألطفال‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫وهي‬.
This can be achieved through the following measures:‫ذلك‬ ‫تحقيق‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫التالية‬ ‫اإلجراءات‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬:
1) Selection of suitable jobs that match with their capacities.
1) ‫قدراتهم‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تتناسب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫الوظائف‬ ‫اختيار‬.
2) Pre-placement in another job when woman get pregnant.
2) ‫المرأة‬ ‫تحمل‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫وظيفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫المسبق‬ ‫التنسيب‬.
3) Proper M.C.H care for pregnant females.3) ‫باستخدام‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫الرعاية‬
M.C.H ‫للحوامل‬.
4) Make sure of the application of certain laws for employment of
working women and children namely: 4) ‫القوانين‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ‫من‬ ‫التأكد‬
‫وهي‬ ‫العاملين‬ ‫واألطفال‬ ‫النساء‬ ‫بتوظيف‬ ‫الخاصة‬:
 no night shift, ‫ليلية‬ ‫وردية‬ ‫ال‬ ،
 limitation of working hours, ‫العمل‬ ‫ساعات‬ ‫تحديد‬ ،
 paid leave for infant care and ‫لرعاية‬ ‫األجر‬ ‫مدفوعة‬ ‫إجازة‬
‫و‬ ‫الرضع‬


26. 26
Occupational Health Services
Promotion of workers' health.
Prevention of occupational health hazards.
Control of occupational health hazards.
Rehabilitation and compensation of the disabled workers.
-Provide special care for vulnerable groups of workers
namely women and children.
Keep good health recording system
6- Keep Good Health Recording System:
6- ‫جيد‬ ‫صحي‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫على‬ ‫حافظ‬:
Medical records: ‫طبية‬ ‫سجالت‬:
 It is very important that good medical record system is
maintained in any occupational health program. ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫المهم‬ ‫من‬
‫للصحة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬ ‫جيد‬ ‫طبي‬ ‫سجالت‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحفاظ‬
‫المهنية‬.
 Every employee should have an accurate & complete medical
report from the time of his first employment examination.
‫أول‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫من‬ ‫وكامل‬ ‫دقيق‬ ‫طبي‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫موظف‬ ‫كل‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬
‫له‬ ‫وظيفي‬ ‫فحص‬.
 The records must be detailed enough to provide adequate information
for job placement health maintenance workmen's compensation and
rehabilitation . ‫لتوفير‬ ٍ‫كاف‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫مفصلة‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬
‫وإعادة‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫والتوظيف‬ ‫الصيانة‬ ‫عمال‬ ‫تعويضات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫كافية‬ ‫معلومات‬
‫تأهيلهم‬.
It should include,

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Value of keeping and analyzing health records:
‫الصحية‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫وتحليل‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫قيمة‬:
· Basic data for statistical analysis. · ‫اإلحصائي‬ ‫للتحليل‬ ‫أساسية‬ ‫بيانات‬.
· Help to know morbidity and mortality rates. · ‫معدالت‬ ‫معرفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫المساعدة‬
‫والوفيات‬ ‫باألمراض‬ ‫اإلصابة‬.
· Help to see trends in health and disease. · ‫الصحة‬ ‫اتجاهات‬ ‫رؤية‬ ‫على‬ ‫تساعد‬
‫والمرض‬.
· Help to identify plant areas of high accidents, sick absenteeism and occupational
disease. · ‫والتغيب‬ ‫العالية‬ ‫الحوادث‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫النبات‬ ‫مناطق‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫في‬ ‫المساعدة‬
‫المهنية‬ ‫واألمراض‬ ‫المرضي‬.
 personal data, ‫شخصية‬ ‫بيانات‬،
 data of pre-employment, ‫التوظيف‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫بيانات‬ ،
 periodical examination, ‫الدوري‬ ‫الفحص‬
 history of exposures and ‫و‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫تاريخ‬
 diseases (occupational and non-occupational),
) (
‫المهنية‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫المهنية‬ ‫األمراض‬ ،
 history of accidents, ‫الحوادث‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ،
 sick absenteeism, retirement, clinical exam ، ‫التقاعد‬ ، ‫المرضي‬ ‫التغيب‬
‫السريري‬ ‫الفحص‬
 any previous immunization taken‫أخذه‬ ‫تم‬ ‫سابق‬ ‫تحصين‬ ‫أي‬
It should include, ‫تشمل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ، Medical records:

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29. 29
An industrial worker may be exposed to five types of hazards,
depending upon his occupation:
‫حسب‬ ‫المخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫لخمسة‬ ‫الصناعي‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫يتعرض‬ ‫قد‬
‫مهنته‬:
(a) Physical hazards(‫)أ‬ ‫المادية‬ ‫األخطار‬
(b) Chemical hazards(‫)ب‬ ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
(c) Biological hazards(‫)ج‬ ‫البيولوجية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
(d) Mechanical hazards(‫)د‬ ‫الميكانيكية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
(e) Psychosocial hazards. (‫)هـ‬ ‫النفسية‬ ‫المخاطر‬.
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS‫المهنية‬ ‫المخاطر‬
a) Physical hazards )
‫المادية‬ ‫األخطار‬ ‫أ‬
(1)Heat and Cold ‫والبرودة‬ ‫الحرارة‬
(2) Light ‫خفيفة‬
(3) Noise: ‫ضوضاء‬
(4) Vibration: ‫اهتزاز‬
(5) Ultraviolet Radiation : ‫فوق‬ ‫األشعة‬
‫البنفسجية‬