This document provides an overview of auxiliary verbs. It defines auxiliary verbs as helping verbs that support the main verb to convey grammatical concepts like aspects of time or modality. It then discusses six main auxiliary verbs - modal auxiliaries, be, do/does, has/have/had, will/shall/going to, and had better. For each, it explains their uses and examples. It also covers active and passive voice, and provides a sample practice test on auxiliary verbs.

1. Structure & Written Expression
Session IV: Problems on Auxiliary
Verbs
Session 4: Problems on Auxiliary Verbs

2. Auxiliary verbs
helping verbs – minor verbs that support the
sentence’s main verb to communicate
complex grammar concepts like aspects of time
or modality.
For example, in this sentence, “I have finished
the report,” the auxiliary verb have supports the
main verb finish.

3. 6 Auxiliary Verbs that you must know
01 Modal Auxiliaries
02 be
03 do & does
04 has, have & had
05 will,shall, & going to
06 had better

4. Modal Auxiliaries
Modals are generally used to indicate something which is
potential to express certain meaning.
can: (be) able to should
could: : (be) able to would
may: (be) possible to/ (be) allowed to used to
might: : (be) possible to/ (be) allowed to dare
must: (be) obliged to need (semi modal)
have to: (be) necessary to
ought to
will/ shall
MODAL => INFINITIVE (without ‘to’)

5. be
Notice the tense and use the suitable “BE”
1. Simple present: IS – AM – ARE
2. Simple past: WAS – WERE
3. Simple future: WILL BE/ SHALL BE
4. Present perfect: HAVE BEEN/ HAS
BEEN
5. Past perfect: HAD BEEN
6. Modals: BE
7. continuous tense: (BE) BEING

6. “do/ does”
These auxiliaries are used in the negative and interrogative forms of
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
 Negative form: use DO/ DOES NOT and INFINITIVE VERB. All
inflection omitted
 John drives a red car to his office.
 John does not drive a red car to his office.
 I drive a red car.
 I do not drive a red car.
 Interrogative form: use DO/ DOES before the subject.
 Does john drive a red car to his office?
 Do you drive a red car?
 What does John drive to his office?

7. has, have & had
These auxiliaries are used in the PERFECTIVE TENSE
Present Perfect tense:To express an action/ event/ situation that
begins in the past but still continues until the present; the effect can be seen up to
present time.
Use the auxiliary HAS/HAVE and PAST PARTICIPLE in affirmative and
interrogative forms.
Time markers: SINCE/FOR/ALREADY/YET/EVER/NEVER/JUST
E.g: We have already written our reports.
We haven’t written our reports yet.
Have you written your reports?
Have you ever been to Spain?

8. Remember that
“have” is also one of
causative verbs
Note

9. “had” as the auxiliary verb in past perfect tense
PAST PERFECT TENSE: To express an action that happened BEFORE
another action in the past.
 Use the auxiliary HAD and PAST PARTICIPLE form in affirmative and
interrogative.
 Time markers: Time clause
Past perfect before Simple past
Simple past after Past perfect
 e.g. John had had breakfast before the bus arrived.
 e.g. The bus arrived after John had had breakfast.
 e.g. Had John had breakfast before the bus arrived?

10. will, shall, & going to
05

11. Simple Future Tense
To express actions and situations in the future.
Time markers: tomorrow/next…./future intention.
There are some forms of future tenses:
 WILL + VERB INFINITIVE: decision by the time of
speaking (50%)
 SHALL + VERB INFINITIVE: planned activity (75%)
 [BE] GOING TO + VERB INFINITIVE: future intention
(90%)

12. Had better
06

13. “had better”
refer to the present or the future, to talk about actions we think people should
do or which are desirable in a specific situation.
Had better is always followed by a verb in the infinitive without
'to':
e.g.: You had better BE on time. (You must or should be on time.)
Had better is ALWAYS formed from the auxiliary verb 'have' in
the past simple.

14. ACTIVE - PASSIVE
BE +V3
● He will repair your watch.
Subject object
● Your watch will be repaired (by him).
He will repair your watch.
PASSIVE – ACTIVE
The Construction of Passive Voice
(Who)
(What)

15. PRACTICE TEST

16. ITP Model Test
1. The ordinary chair _____ in countless shape, sizes, styles, and materials.
a) has been made c) is making
b) to be made d) been making
2. Richard Wright’s Uncle Tom’s Children, a collection of short stories, were a critical
A B
success when it appeared in 1938.
C D
3) The principle on which the boat called a hydrofoil is designed is identically to that
A
demonstrated by an airplane wing moving through air.
B C D

17. FINAL TIPS
HOW AND HOW MUCH TO STUDY
COMPLEXITY OF THE
CONTEXT
STUDENT’S ABILITY
CONCENTRATION LEVEL STUDY OBJECTIVE
The number of readings required shall depend on:

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