This document discusses the evolution of terrorism and counterterrorism measures. It describes terrorism evolving through two phases - from national groups targeting a single state, to global networks with significant funding attacking multiple states. Counterterrorism policies have also evolved from targeting individuals to addressing political and economic factors. The US-led counterterrorism policy (CTP2) focuses on new weapons, intelligence cooperation, and disrupting terrorist financing. However, some actions like the Iraq war are criticized as advancing political and economic interests rather than security. Overall, effective counterterrorism requires addressing the root causes that enable terrorist networks while maintaining international cooperation.

1. Evolution of Terrorism
and Counter Terrorism Measures
Submitted by
Rejitha R
Reg.no 13303024

2. phases of terrorism
1st stage: national state vs local terrorist group; national or
regional level; bad equipment.
2nd stage: a community of states (or only one “state-policeman”)
vs terrorist networks; global, international
level; lots of money and good equipment; terrorism is a
business for some sort of people.
Interaction between political, financial groups and terrorist
networks: a struggle or a collaboration. A new
phenomenon: a structure that deals not only with terrorism,
but also with politics and business.

3. kinds of counter terrorist policy
1st phase of the terrorism – counter terrorist policy 1;
2nd phase of the terrorism – counter terrorist policy 2.
CTP1: cruel and non-personal (general) way of actions -
“zachistki” in Chechnya. The result: tensity and few real
terrorists arrested. CTP1 is ineffective because the terror
wasn’t stopped and terrorism developed into its second
phase.
September, 11: the nature of the terrorism changed. That’s
why the world needs a new counter terrorist policy –
CTP2.

4. Counter Terrorist Policy
The ctp2 is headed by the USA. Its main features:
• new accurate weapons
• cooperation with other secret services
• work with the poorest developing countries
• struggle with the sponsors of terrorism

5. Terrorist’s chain
Sponsors
Terrorist leaders
Bandits
Civilians (victims)
The most dangerous people
here are:
 sponsors
 terrorist leaders
That’s why they have to be
the target number one for
secret services.

6. Why did the ctp1 failed?
The basic principles of the ctp1:
 to eliminate (kill, imprison) all the people who have any
relations with terrorism;
 it’s possible to use illegal or cruel measures in some cases.
That’s why there are 2 possibilities:
 to eliminate all the people connected with terrorism in
illegal manner;
 to employ mostly legal measures.
The liberal democracies chose the 2nd variant. Therefore they
weren’t able to stop the wave of terror, that had a chance
to develop into its 2nd phase. In other case, the democracies
risked to become totalitarian states.

7. The key features of the ctp
 the ctp2 deals with problems of security, as well as with
geopolitical and economical aspects;
 the recent example of Iraq: the war with terrorism can have
nothing similar with the real terrorism. In that case, such
problems as the economical growth in the USA, strong
dollar or oil interests can be more important than the
security.
However, the ctp isn’t the best way to deal with economy and
finances, if we consider its benefits for a whole country.
But it can be very profitable for some groups of politicians
and businessmen.
There is a need to pay more attention to the real problems of
global security

8. The US counter terrorist measures
 Iraq
 Afghanistan
 Kosovo
 Africa

9. The war on Iraq
This conflict doesn’t have anything similar with the real war
with terrorism, it’s just a way for some people to make
their power stronger.
The disadvantages of such conflicts:
 the radical Muslim world is becoming stronger, it can
cause a conflict between the North and the South;
 the USA employ the mottos of liberation and use the term
“democracy” in order to kill people without using a court;
 the war with terrorism is becoming a global TV show.
Perhaps, the media is more interested in new conflicts and
even more powerful than the White House.

10. Other regions
 The Taliban hasn’t been defeated yet; some of its
structures are ready to carry out new attacks; Afghan
farmers still raise poppy.
 Drug and weapon traffickers in Kosovo enjoy the freedom
they have after the USA liberated them.
 Lots have been done to prevent creating new terrorist
bases in the poorest African countries.

11. The connection between the
ctp and foreign relations
 The war in Iraq has showed lots of differences between the
USA and Europe. The ctp has a great influence on foreign
policies nowadays.
 There is a dilemma for Russia: to be with Europe or USA
or to have our own way.
With USA: to conduct war with terrorism together, no
economical advantages.
With Europe: geographical, historical, economical reasons.
No war with terror.
Perhaps, it’s better to combine these two ways in order to
have more benefit.