There are three main types of nanoparticles employed for anti-HIV therapeutics: polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles. Solid lipid nanoparticles are sub-micron colloidal drug delivery systems ranging from 50-1000nm composed of physiological lipids that solidify upon dispersion in water or surfactant solutions. They offer properties like small size with large surface area, high drug loading capacity, and extended drug release due to slow degradation of lipid matrices. Figure 1 shows the solid lipid structure.

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Solid lipid nanoparticles

2.  Nanoparticles (NPs) were proposed as drug carriers
over 30 years ago and have received growing
attention since, mainly due to their stability, enhanced
loading capabilities and control over physicochemical
properties.
 In addition to systemic administration, localized drug
release may be achieved using macroscopic drug
depots close to the target site.
 They are three types of Nanoparticles are employed
for anti HIV therapeutics:
 Polymeric Nanoparticles
 Solid lipid Nanoparticles
 Inorganic Nanoparticles
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3. Polymeric Nanoparticles:
 Polymeric Nanoparticles are an attractive approach
for targeted delivery of ARV drugs. Mostly synthetic
and semisynthetic polymers are used for production
of Nanoparticles.
 Various polymers used for the production of Anti HIV
Nanoparticles poly(lactic acid) PLA,( poly lactic co
glycolic acid) PLGA, poly (ethylene glycol-co-lactic
glycolic acid),poly (caprolactone),and poly (methyl)
methacrylate and approved polymer PLA and PLGA
for human use.
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4. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles:
 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles are sub-micron systems ranging
in size from 50 to 1000nm.
 They are composed of physiological lipids which
consolidate to from Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on
dispersion in water or in aqueous surfactant solution.
 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles offer unique property such as
miniature size with large surface area, high drug loading
capacity and extended drug release profile due to slow
degradation of lipid matrices.
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5. Figure1:-Solid lipid structure
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6. Inorganic Nanoparticles:
Various materials like copper, iron, titanium, silver,
gold and silica are employed in the form of
Nanoparticles used in cancer therapeutics, cellular and
bio molecular and bio-sensors.
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