1. The document describes a scientific presentation analyzing the depositional environment at two wells, FJ-01 and FJ-02, in Muara Enim, South Sumatra using electrofacies analysis of core samples and geophysical logs.
2. The lithology found at the two wells includes silt, clay and fine sand, with increases in grain size from clay to silt. Gamma ray logs indicate patterns including funnel, serrated and symmetrical shapes.
3. Based on the lithological and electrofacies analysis, the depositional environment at the two wells is interpreted to be a transition from a lower delta plain to a transitional delta plain, based on the delta depositional model of Horne (1979
An outline view of Minor Project Presentation during my Under Graduation on the topic, "Petrographic study of Khajamalai Outcrop" in Tiruchirrapalli District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Petrological Characterisitics and Paleodepositional Environment of the Sandst...iosrjce
Petrological characteristics of sandstones outcropping in Bende and Isimkpu areas was carried out
using sieve analysis and pebble morphometric studies in determination of the paleodepositional environment for
Sandstone facies of the Ameki Group. Lithostratigraphic studies show that the area is underlain by sandstones,
calcareous sandstone, shales, mudstones and clays. This has been organized into: Unit A: Idima junction shale;
B: Bende sandstone; C: Onuinyang calcareous siltstone and D: Isimkpu sandstone, from oldest to youngest.
Representative sandstone samples were collected from outcrops widely distributed in the area. Results show that
the sandstones are fine to coarse grained and the pebbles are rounded to sub-rounded and dominantly bladed to
elongate. Computed percentages indicate the sandstones are dominantly well sorted, negatively skewed and
extremely leptokurtic. Mean values for the flatness index, elongation and oblate-prolate index (OPI) are 0.47,
0.70 and 2.37 respectively. The synthesis and integration of these values indicated fluviatile with subordinate
littoral/shallow marine setting for sandstones of Ameki Formation in the study area.
Dr. Andri Slamet Subandrio - The future of mineral exploration beyond Sunda c...Dasapta Erwin Irawan
Dr. Andri Slamet Subandrio - The future of mineral exploration beyond Sunda continental shelf. https://geologi.fitb.itb.ac.id/2021/11/11/webinar-geologi-laut-exploring-the-ocean-floor/
An outline view of Minor Project Presentation during my Under Graduation on the topic, "Petrographic study of Khajamalai Outcrop" in Tiruchirrapalli District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Petrological Characterisitics and Paleodepositional Environment of the Sandst...iosrjce
Petrological characteristics of sandstones outcropping in Bende and Isimkpu areas was carried out
using sieve analysis and pebble morphometric studies in determination of the paleodepositional environment for
Sandstone facies of the Ameki Group. Lithostratigraphic studies show that the area is underlain by sandstones,
calcareous sandstone, shales, mudstones and clays. This has been organized into: Unit A: Idima junction shale;
B: Bende sandstone; C: Onuinyang calcareous siltstone and D: Isimkpu sandstone, from oldest to youngest.
Representative sandstone samples were collected from outcrops widely distributed in the area. Results show that
the sandstones are fine to coarse grained and the pebbles are rounded to sub-rounded and dominantly bladed to
elongate. Computed percentages indicate the sandstones are dominantly well sorted, negatively skewed and
extremely leptokurtic. Mean values for the flatness index, elongation and oblate-prolate index (OPI) are 0.47,
0.70 and 2.37 respectively. The synthesis and integration of these values indicated fluviatile with subordinate
littoral/shallow marine setting for sandstones of Ameki Formation in the study area.
Dr. Andri Slamet Subandrio - The future of mineral exploration beyond Sunda c...Dasapta Erwin Irawan
Dr. Andri Slamet Subandrio - The future of mineral exploration beyond Sunda continental shelf. https://geologi.fitb.itb.ac.id/2021/11/11/webinar-geologi-laut-exploring-the-ocean-floor/
Sedimentology and Geochemical Evaluation of Campano-Maastrichtian Sediments, ...Premier Publishers
The Cretaceous sediments in the Anambra Basin (SE Nigeria) consist of a cyclic succession of coals, carbonaceous shales, silty shales, siltstones and sandstones interpreted as deltaic deposits. Statistics reveals a graphic mean range from 1.5 to 2.8, sorting range from 0.45 to 1.58, skewness range from -0.58 to 0.32 and kurtosis between 0.38 and 2 for the Ajali Sandstone. From these results, the sandstones in the area are dominated by medium to coarse grains, poorly to moderately sorted, coarse skewed and very platykurtic sediments. Further sedimentological evaluation in six localities indicates fluvial-flood plain-marginally marine facies for the Mamu and Nsukka Formations and marine for the Nkporo and Enugu Shales. The geochemical evaluations show that total organic carbon (TOC) (8.95wt%) of the samples constitutes that of good to excellent source rock with oil, oil/gas, gas prones for kerogen types I, II/III, III indicated by Rock-Eval S2/S3 (9.13). The high oxygen index (OI) (42.61 mgCO2g-1TOC) suggest deposition in a shallow marine environment. The Tmax (430oC), indicate the immaturity to onset of maturity of these source rocks. Potential reservoir units occur in the fluvial sandstones of the Ajali Formation and in the marginal marine and flood plain sandstones of the Mamu Formation. The shales and claystones of the Nsukka and Imo Formations may provide regional seals.
Lithofacies Analysis and Petroleum Potentials of Parts of Ikom-Mamfe Embaymen...Premier Publishers
An integrated study involving detailed lithofacies analysis and source rock evaluation were carried out to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and assess the petroleum potentials of the Ikom–Mamfe embayment, southeastern Nigeria. Sedimentological field mapping involving detailed description of lithologic characteristics and facies characterisation was carried out. Geochemical studies were carried out to determine the quantity of organic matter total organic carbon (TOC), soluble organic matter (SOM), the organic matter quality (organic matter type) and level of maturity. Results show that the dominant vertical succession of the various lithofacies indicate a general finning upward succession with basal massive pebbly sandstone, medium to coarse grained sandstones with intercalation of shale and mudstones. Seven lithofacies A to G, were identified. These include: conglomerates, massive pebbly sandstone, trough cross-bedded sandstone, planar cross-bedded sandstone, shale/mudstone facies. These facies were compared with established standard facies association for determining paleoenvironment of deposition. The facies analysis carried out pointed to fluvial (alluvial – braided) depositional system as the environment of deposition. TOC values range from 0.05 – 4.13 wt% indicating poor to excellent and SOM range from 200 – 6000 ppm indicating also poor to excellent. The amount of pyrolizable carbon derived as S1 and S2 peaks suggested that the source rocks possess organic matter capable of generating hydrocarbons. Hydrogen and oxygen indices (HI and OI) ranged from 0.24 to 656 and 0.53 to 61.90 mg/gTOC respectively. Analyses of the evaluated source rock shows that the hydrocarbon potential of the study area is lean and typically of a reworked terrestrial deposit of fluvial depositional system.
Measurement of Pan-African Strain in Zaria Precambrian Granite Batholith, Nor...iosrjce
The Zaria granite batholith in northern Nigeria is an example of syn-tectonic batholith emplaced
about 600 ± 150 Ma, ago during the Pan - African orogeny. Its strain history and strain marker behavior have
been studied in order to further elucidate the tectonics of the Pan- African orogeny. Field observations,
measurements and different methods of strain estimation were applied on 623 data to determine the strain
intensity, direction of maximum elongation (σ3) and compression direction (σ1). The different methods produced
strain values between 2.66 and 2.07, maximum elongation took place in the N - S direction while the σ1
(maximum compression) trajectory was oriented E – W, making the direction the least favourable for strain
marker (phenocryst and xenolith) growth. Strain partitioning revealed that the N - S direction experienced the
highest strain while the NE - SW orientation showed a lower strain value than the NW - SE direction regardless
of the number of markers preferring the directions. Xenoliths, faults and joints lend credence to the measured
strain results. It would seem that the E - W compression during the Pan - African orogeny was widespread and
fairly constant throughout most of the period tracked by the granites.
Tectonic Processes and Metallogeny along the Tethyan Mountain Ranges of the M...MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309130798_Tectonic_Processes_and_Metallogeny_along_the_Tethyan_Mountain_Ranges_of_the_Middle_East_and_South_Asia_Oman_Himalaya_Karakoram_Tibet_Myanmar_Thailand_Malaysia
The genesis of mineral deposits has been widely linked to speci c tectonic settings, but has less frequently been linked to tectonic processes. Understanding processes of oceanic and continental collision tectonics is crucial to understanding key factors leading to the genesis of magmatic-, metamorphic-, hydrothermal-, and sedimentary-related mineral deposits. Geologic studies of most ore deposits typically focus on the nal stages of concentration and emplacement. The ultimate source (mantle, lower crust, upper crust) of mineral deposits in many cases remains more cryptic. Uniquely, along the Tethyan collision zones of Asia, every stage of the conver- gence process can be studied from the initial oceanic settings where ophiolite complexes were formed, through subduction zone and island-arc settings with ultrahigh- to high-pressure metamorphism, to the continental col- lision settings of the Himalaya, and advanced, long-lived collisional settings such as Afghanistan, the Karakoram Ranges, and the Tibetan plateau. The India-Asia collision closed the intervening Neotethys ocean at ~50 Ma and resulted in the formation of the Himalayan mountain ranges, and increased crustal thickening, metamor- phism, deformation, and uplift of the Karakoram-Hindu Kush ranges, Tibetan plateau, and older collision zones across central Asia. Metallogenesis in oceanic crust (hydrothermal Cu-Au; Fe, Mn nodules) and mantle (Cr, Ni, Pt) can be deduced from ophiolite complexes preserved around the Arabia/India-Asia collision (Oman, Ladakh, South Tibet, Myanmar, Andaman Islands). Tectonic-metallogenic processes in island arcs and ancient subduc- tion complexes (VMS Cu-Zn-Pb) can be deduced from studies in the Dras-Kohistan arc (Pakistan) and the various arc complexes along the Myanmar-Andaman segment of the collision zone. Metallogenesis of Andean- type margins (Cu-Au-Mo porphyry; epithermal Au-Ag) can be seen along the Jurassic-Eocene Transhimalayan ranges of Pakistan, Ladakh, South Tibet, and Myanmar. Large porphyry Cu deposits in Tibet are related to both precollisional calc-alkaline granites and postcollisional alkaline adakite-like intrusions. Metallogenesis of continent-continent collision zones is prominent along the Myanmar-Thailand-Malaysia Sn-W granite belts, but less common along the Himalaya. The Mogok metamorphic belt of Myanmar is known for its gemstones associated with regional high-temperature metamorphism (ruby, spinel, sapphire, etc). In Myanmar it is likely that extensive alkaline magmatism has contributed extra heat during the formation of high-temperature meta- morphism. This paper attempts to link metallogeny of the Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet and Myanmar collision zone to tectonic processes derived from multidisciplinary geologic studies.
SILT CONTENT APPROXIMATION OF NEOGENE SURMA GROUP MUDROCKS, SITAKUND ANTICLIN...Md. Yousuf Gazi
Petrography of the Neogene mudrocks in this study incorporates laser particle size
analysis, thin sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ten representative
mudrock samples were collected from outcrops of the Sitakund structure. From the
studies, it is evident that mudrocks of Sitakund structure are characteristically silty. The
silt content, as estimated by laser grain size analysis, of the mudrocks ranges from 39 to
77% with average of 58%. Significant amount of granular silt with the platy clay
minerals is also evident from the SEM micrographs. The silts are mainly quartz, feldspar
and micas. The high silt content in the Neogene mudrocks implies an enormous flux of
silty sediments with a very high rate of sedimentation allowing little time for a more
selective sorting. This supports the geologic history that the uplifting and erosion of
Himalaya was at the peak during Miocene and the Ganges mega delta received highest
rate of sedimentation and growth rendering shale consistently silty.
This is the presentation cover the topics of palaeomegnetism, palaeoclimatology, and ice age's. Here give the information about this topic and the information is very useful for geology students. In this presentation i covered all detail related to this topics. So i hope this presentation if you like and useful for your study. So if you like this presentation you can follow me on slideSher i share useful materials only on slidesher.
The Wadi Sikait Complex:
A Fertile- Post-Collisionl Granite-Pegmatite Suite, Eastern Desert, Egypt.
The Pan-African, Wadi Sikait Complex (WSC), in the south Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a late-tectonic, subsolvus strongly peraluminous, S-type, post-collisionl granite in the Sikait area that features an unambiguous genetic linkage with a proximal, zoned cluster of Be-, REE- and Nb-Ta bearing pegmatites (Abu Rusheid and Nugrus-Sikait area). The WSC is an arcuate belt of orthogneisses, migmatites and other high-grade metamorphic rocks, which mark the boundary between the central Eastern and the south Eastern Deserts of Egypt. The WSC consists of seven internal units (WSC-1 to -3 and PL-1 to -4) that range from chemically primitive biotite, garnet and sillimanite granites (WSC-1 and –2) to a highly evolved, tourmaline- and muscovite- bearing pegmatite granite facies (PL-1 to –4) locally containing endogenous emerald/beryl, molybdinite and cassiterite. Salient petrochemical attributes include A/CNK molar which varies from 1.15 to 1.75, a wide range of SiO2 (68.7-76.9%), high Al2O3 (14.1-16.0%), low CaO (<2.35%) and FeOt+MgO+TiO2 (0.36-6.62%), and with increasing fractionation, enrichment of Na2O, K2O, B, F, Be, Rb, Ga and Li, and depletion of Ba, Sr, Zr, REE and LREE. Strong fractionation is also revealed by Al/Ga (1370-6789), Ba/Rb (<0.01-12), Ca/Sr (21-201), K/Ba (19-9545), Mg/Li (4.26-1421), Na2O/K2O (0.21-34), (Ce/Yb)CN (0.89-83.25), and Eu/Eu* (<0.05-2.29). REE distribution patterns of rare-element pegmatites are lower in REE contents and flatter with prominent negative Eu anomaly than those of the related granites. The REE concentration and the (Ce/Yb)CN ratio decrease from the WSC-1 and -2 through PL-1 and -2 (fine-grained leucogranite) and PL-3 (pegmatitic leucogranite) to the PL-4 (potassic pegmatites).
Genesis of the strongly peraluminous, S-type granite and the associated rare-element pegmatite in the Sikait-Nugrus area is explained by a complex interplay of petrogenetic processes. Rare-elements and boron were previously concentrated in (wackes and mudstone) pelitic sediments deposited in large basins. These rocks underwent step-wise rock dehydration reactions involving muscovite and biotite, under fluid-absent conditions, and successively released these elements to anatectic melt. Rare-elements and volatiles were progressively concentrated via crystal-melt fractionation, the Harker trends of which were obscured by two stages of extraction of residual melt and by episodic, subsolidus redistribution via base-cation leaching. The late magmatic history of the WSC is marked by widespread exsolution of a volatile-rich phase, dispersion of a rare-element- F-B-Be-rich fluid along shear zones and ensuing emigration of rare-element-rich melt-fluid systems upward from the cupola, which led to the regionally zoned Sikait-Nugrus area
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Sedimentology and Geochemical Evaluation of Campano-Maastrichtian Sediments, ...Premier Publishers
The Cretaceous sediments in the Anambra Basin (SE Nigeria) consist of a cyclic succession of coals, carbonaceous shales, silty shales, siltstones and sandstones interpreted as deltaic deposits. Statistics reveals a graphic mean range from 1.5 to 2.8, sorting range from 0.45 to 1.58, skewness range from -0.58 to 0.32 and kurtosis between 0.38 and 2 for the Ajali Sandstone. From these results, the sandstones in the area are dominated by medium to coarse grains, poorly to moderately sorted, coarse skewed and very platykurtic sediments. Further sedimentological evaluation in six localities indicates fluvial-flood plain-marginally marine facies for the Mamu and Nsukka Formations and marine for the Nkporo and Enugu Shales. The geochemical evaluations show that total organic carbon (TOC) (8.95wt%) of the samples constitutes that of good to excellent source rock with oil, oil/gas, gas prones for kerogen types I, II/III, III indicated by Rock-Eval S2/S3 (9.13). The high oxygen index (OI) (42.61 mgCO2g-1TOC) suggest deposition in a shallow marine environment. The Tmax (430oC), indicate the immaturity to onset of maturity of these source rocks. Potential reservoir units occur in the fluvial sandstones of the Ajali Formation and in the marginal marine and flood plain sandstones of the Mamu Formation. The shales and claystones of the Nsukka and Imo Formations may provide regional seals.
Lithofacies Analysis and Petroleum Potentials of Parts of Ikom-Mamfe Embaymen...Premier Publishers
An integrated study involving detailed lithofacies analysis and source rock evaluation were carried out to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and assess the petroleum potentials of the Ikom–Mamfe embayment, southeastern Nigeria. Sedimentological field mapping involving detailed description of lithologic characteristics and facies characterisation was carried out. Geochemical studies were carried out to determine the quantity of organic matter total organic carbon (TOC), soluble organic matter (SOM), the organic matter quality (organic matter type) and level of maturity. Results show that the dominant vertical succession of the various lithofacies indicate a general finning upward succession with basal massive pebbly sandstone, medium to coarse grained sandstones with intercalation of shale and mudstones. Seven lithofacies A to G, were identified. These include: conglomerates, massive pebbly sandstone, trough cross-bedded sandstone, planar cross-bedded sandstone, shale/mudstone facies. These facies were compared with established standard facies association for determining paleoenvironment of deposition. The facies analysis carried out pointed to fluvial (alluvial – braided) depositional system as the environment of deposition. TOC values range from 0.05 – 4.13 wt% indicating poor to excellent and SOM range from 200 – 6000 ppm indicating also poor to excellent. The amount of pyrolizable carbon derived as S1 and S2 peaks suggested that the source rocks possess organic matter capable of generating hydrocarbons. Hydrogen and oxygen indices (HI and OI) ranged from 0.24 to 656 and 0.53 to 61.90 mg/gTOC respectively. Analyses of the evaluated source rock shows that the hydrocarbon potential of the study area is lean and typically of a reworked terrestrial deposit of fluvial depositional system.
Measurement of Pan-African Strain in Zaria Precambrian Granite Batholith, Nor...iosrjce
The Zaria granite batholith in northern Nigeria is an example of syn-tectonic batholith emplaced
about 600 ± 150 Ma, ago during the Pan - African orogeny. Its strain history and strain marker behavior have
been studied in order to further elucidate the tectonics of the Pan- African orogeny. Field observations,
measurements and different methods of strain estimation were applied on 623 data to determine the strain
intensity, direction of maximum elongation (σ3) and compression direction (σ1). The different methods produced
strain values between 2.66 and 2.07, maximum elongation took place in the N - S direction while the σ1
(maximum compression) trajectory was oriented E – W, making the direction the least favourable for strain
marker (phenocryst and xenolith) growth. Strain partitioning revealed that the N - S direction experienced the
highest strain while the NE - SW orientation showed a lower strain value than the NW - SE direction regardless
of the number of markers preferring the directions. Xenoliths, faults and joints lend credence to the measured
strain results. It would seem that the E - W compression during the Pan - African orogeny was widespread and
fairly constant throughout most of the period tracked by the granites.
Tectonic Processes and Metallogeny along the Tethyan Mountain Ranges of the M...MYO AUNG Myanmar
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309130798_Tectonic_Processes_and_Metallogeny_along_the_Tethyan_Mountain_Ranges_of_the_Middle_East_and_South_Asia_Oman_Himalaya_Karakoram_Tibet_Myanmar_Thailand_Malaysia
The genesis of mineral deposits has been widely linked to speci c tectonic settings, but has less frequently been linked to tectonic processes. Understanding processes of oceanic and continental collision tectonics is crucial to understanding key factors leading to the genesis of magmatic-, metamorphic-, hydrothermal-, and sedimentary-related mineral deposits. Geologic studies of most ore deposits typically focus on the nal stages of concentration and emplacement. The ultimate source (mantle, lower crust, upper crust) of mineral deposits in many cases remains more cryptic. Uniquely, along the Tethyan collision zones of Asia, every stage of the conver- gence process can be studied from the initial oceanic settings where ophiolite complexes were formed, through subduction zone and island-arc settings with ultrahigh- to high-pressure metamorphism, to the continental col- lision settings of the Himalaya, and advanced, long-lived collisional settings such as Afghanistan, the Karakoram Ranges, and the Tibetan plateau. The India-Asia collision closed the intervening Neotethys ocean at ~50 Ma and resulted in the formation of the Himalayan mountain ranges, and increased crustal thickening, metamor- phism, deformation, and uplift of the Karakoram-Hindu Kush ranges, Tibetan plateau, and older collision zones across central Asia. Metallogenesis in oceanic crust (hydrothermal Cu-Au; Fe, Mn nodules) and mantle (Cr, Ni, Pt) can be deduced from ophiolite complexes preserved around the Arabia/India-Asia collision (Oman, Ladakh, South Tibet, Myanmar, Andaman Islands). Tectonic-metallogenic processes in island arcs and ancient subduc- tion complexes (VMS Cu-Zn-Pb) can be deduced from studies in the Dras-Kohistan arc (Pakistan) and the various arc complexes along the Myanmar-Andaman segment of the collision zone. Metallogenesis of Andean- type margins (Cu-Au-Mo porphyry; epithermal Au-Ag) can be seen along the Jurassic-Eocene Transhimalayan ranges of Pakistan, Ladakh, South Tibet, and Myanmar. Large porphyry Cu deposits in Tibet are related to both precollisional calc-alkaline granites and postcollisional alkaline adakite-like intrusions. Metallogenesis of continent-continent collision zones is prominent along the Myanmar-Thailand-Malaysia Sn-W granite belts, but less common along the Himalaya. The Mogok metamorphic belt of Myanmar is known for its gemstones associated with regional high-temperature metamorphism (ruby, spinel, sapphire, etc). In Myanmar it is likely that extensive alkaline magmatism has contributed extra heat during the formation of high-temperature meta- morphism. This paper attempts to link metallogeny of the Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet and Myanmar collision zone to tectonic processes derived from multidisciplinary geologic studies.
SILT CONTENT APPROXIMATION OF NEOGENE SURMA GROUP MUDROCKS, SITAKUND ANTICLIN...Md. Yousuf Gazi
Petrography of the Neogene mudrocks in this study incorporates laser particle size
analysis, thin sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ten representative
mudrock samples were collected from outcrops of the Sitakund structure. From the
studies, it is evident that mudrocks of Sitakund structure are characteristically silty. The
silt content, as estimated by laser grain size analysis, of the mudrocks ranges from 39 to
77% with average of 58%. Significant amount of granular silt with the platy clay
minerals is also evident from the SEM micrographs. The silts are mainly quartz, feldspar
and micas. The high silt content in the Neogene mudrocks implies an enormous flux of
silty sediments with a very high rate of sedimentation allowing little time for a more
selective sorting. This supports the geologic history that the uplifting and erosion of
Himalaya was at the peak during Miocene and the Ganges mega delta received highest
rate of sedimentation and growth rendering shale consistently silty.
This is the presentation cover the topics of palaeomegnetism, palaeoclimatology, and ice age's. Here give the information about this topic and the information is very useful for geology students. In this presentation i covered all detail related to this topics. So i hope this presentation if you like and useful for your study. So if you like this presentation you can follow me on slideSher i share useful materials only on slidesher.
The Wadi Sikait Complex:
A Fertile- Post-Collisionl Granite-Pegmatite Suite, Eastern Desert, Egypt.
The Pan-African, Wadi Sikait Complex (WSC), in the south Eastern Desert of Egypt, is a late-tectonic, subsolvus strongly peraluminous, S-type, post-collisionl granite in the Sikait area that features an unambiguous genetic linkage with a proximal, zoned cluster of Be-, REE- and Nb-Ta bearing pegmatites (Abu Rusheid and Nugrus-Sikait area). The WSC is an arcuate belt of orthogneisses, migmatites and other high-grade metamorphic rocks, which mark the boundary between the central Eastern and the south Eastern Deserts of Egypt. The WSC consists of seven internal units (WSC-1 to -3 and PL-1 to -4) that range from chemically primitive biotite, garnet and sillimanite granites (WSC-1 and –2) to a highly evolved, tourmaline- and muscovite- bearing pegmatite granite facies (PL-1 to –4) locally containing endogenous emerald/beryl, molybdinite and cassiterite. Salient petrochemical attributes include A/CNK molar which varies from 1.15 to 1.75, a wide range of SiO2 (68.7-76.9%), high Al2O3 (14.1-16.0%), low CaO (<2.35%) and FeOt+MgO+TiO2 (0.36-6.62%), and with increasing fractionation, enrichment of Na2O, K2O, B, F, Be, Rb, Ga and Li, and depletion of Ba, Sr, Zr, REE and LREE. Strong fractionation is also revealed by Al/Ga (1370-6789), Ba/Rb (<0.01-12), Ca/Sr (21-201), K/Ba (19-9545), Mg/Li (4.26-1421), Na2O/K2O (0.21-34), (Ce/Yb)CN (0.89-83.25), and Eu/Eu* (<0.05-2.29). REE distribution patterns of rare-element pegmatites are lower in REE contents and flatter with prominent negative Eu anomaly than those of the related granites. The REE concentration and the (Ce/Yb)CN ratio decrease from the WSC-1 and -2 through PL-1 and -2 (fine-grained leucogranite) and PL-3 (pegmatitic leucogranite) to the PL-4 (potassic pegmatites).
Genesis of the strongly peraluminous, S-type granite and the associated rare-element pegmatite in the Sikait-Nugrus area is explained by a complex interplay of petrogenetic processes. Rare-elements and boron were previously concentrated in (wackes and mudstone) pelitic sediments deposited in large basins. These rocks underwent step-wise rock dehydration reactions involving muscovite and biotite, under fluid-absent conditions, and successively released these elements to anatectic melt. Rare-elements and volatiles were progressively concentrated via crystal-melt fractionation, the Harker trends of which were obscured by two stages of extraction of residual melt and by episodic, subsolidus redistribution via base-cation leaching. The late magmatic history of the WSC is marked by widespread exsolution of a volatile-rich phase, dispersion of a rare-element- F-B-Be-rich fluid along shear zones and ensuing emigration of rare-element-rich melt-fluid systems upward from the cupola, which led to the regionally zoned Sikait-Nugrus area
Similar to Interpretation of the Depositional Environment at Wells FJ-01 and FJ-02 Using Electrofacies-1.pptx (20)
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
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Interpretation of the Depositional Environment at Wells FJ-01 and FJ-02 Using Electrofacies-1.pptx
1. THE 51st IAGI ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING
M Al Fajrin Khalil Gibran
PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk.
“Interpretation of the Depositional Environment at Wells FJ-01 and FJ-
02 Using Electrofacies Analysis at Muara Enim Location, South
Sumatra ”
2. THE 51st IAGI ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING
PAPER AUTHOR (S)
Mentor Main Author
*phot
o
*phot
o
M Al Fajrin Khalil
Gibran
Muhammad Dwiki Satrio Wicaksono Muhammad Rizky Tanjung
Co-Author
PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk.
Universitas Sriwijaya ‘17
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Outline
Introduction
Research Metodology
Result
Conclusion
Regional Stratigraphy
Location
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Research Objectives: To determine the depositional environment in the
study area based on core rock samples and geophysical logs.
Introduction
Problem Identification
1. Knowing the lithology of the research area.
2. Knowing the geophysical log pattern in drilled wells.
3. Knowing the interpretation of the depositional environment.
5. THE 51st IAGI ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING
This analysis describes the depositional pattern of a
depositional environment through a gamma ray log
deflection pattern which illustrates the sedimentation
process and sediment boundaries.
Electrofacies Analysis
General Gamma Ray Response to Variations in Grain Size (Walker, 1992). Coal depositional environment model in delta environment (J.C. Horne et. Al., 1979)
Depositional Environment Model (Horne, 1979)
According to Horne et al. (1979), the depositional
environment is divided into 5 zones, namely Upper
Delta Plain, Transitional Delta Plain, Lower Delta
Plain, Back Barrier and Barrier.
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Coal Depositional Environment Model In Delta Environment (J.C. Horne Et. Al., 1979)
Upper Delta Plain
Transitional Lower Delta Plain
Lower Delta Plain
Back Barier
7. THE 51st IAGI ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING
Location
Area Maps (DEMNAS, 2021)
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Tersier Pliocen Muaraenim Formation (Shell Mijnbouw,1978)
South Sumatra Basin Arc. (Kamal, 2005).
Berbagai Jenis endapan-endapan terestrial, sering berasal dari deposit kasai.
M4
Lempung tufaan biru kehijauan dan lempung pasiran, beberapa lempung batubaraan cokelat tua. Beberapa
putih dan abu-abu, pasir halus sampai kasar, glaukonit. Lapisan batuapung di daerah Palembang Tengah.
Ketebalan 120 - 200 m. e
M3
Komplek pasir dan lanau. Undeburden terdiri dari lempung biru kehijauan, lempung abu-abu kehijauan dan
abu-abu kecokelatan. Beberapa lapisan-lapisan tipis gampingan dan dolomitik. Lapisan pasir 3-6 meter kira-
kira 40 meter di atasa Seam Mangus dengan beberapa kandungan gas. ketebalan lapisan ini berkisar 100-200 Limnic Brackish
M2
Lempung berwarna coklat dan coklat abu-abu. Coklat, abu-abu, pasir halus sampai sedang, beberapa pasir
berbutir halus hijau keabuan di bagian bawah, ketebalan 40-120 meter. Aktivitas Vulkanik di
ujung basin
M1
Paralic
Lempung coklat keabuan hingga biru keabuan dan serpih pasiran sering marly. Pasir umumnya halus
glaukonut hijau. Beberapa batugamping di daerah Palembang Utara dan beberapa tufaan di bagian
Palembang Selatan.
Umur Formasi Delripsi Litologi Group Seam Pengendapan
ALUVIUM
TENGAH
QUARTER
KASAI
PLIOSEN
MIOSEN
AKHIR
AIR BENAKAT
Pasir coklat dan abu-abu, lempung dan lanau dengan sedikit pasir glukonit. Ketebalan lapisan berkisar 100-200
meter.
MUARA ENIM
Kontinen
Gravel bewarna terang dan pasir tufaan, kadang glaukonit, sering dengan kwarsa kristalin, lempung tufaan
dan Kaolin biru kehijauan terang, batuapung asam, konkresi volkanik dan pasir tufaan. Beberapa lensa
batubra. Ketebalan Formasi berkisar 400 - 1,000 m.
Peningkatan yang
kuat dari aktivitas
vulkanik
Neritik Laut Dangkal
Niru
Jelawatan
Enim
Kebon
Benuang
Burung
Mangus
Kladi
Suban
Petai
Merapi
Regional Stratigraphy
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Research Methodology
The gamma ray log functions to measure the content of
radioactive elements such as Thorium (Th), Uranium
(U), and Potassium (K), while the density log serves to
determine the density of rock.
The core of the borehole is used to describe the
lithology of the rock and interpret how it is
stratigraphically subsurface. This Core sample is
the key to the interpretation carried out.
“Interpretation of the Depositional Environment at Wells FJ-01 and FJ-02 Using
Electrofacies Analysis at Muara Enim Location, South Sumatra ”
ELEKTROFACIE
S ANALYSIS
CORE
DESCRIPTION
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Result
Topography Maps (PTBA, 2021)
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3 m 7 m 11 m 15 m 19 m 23 m 27 m 31 m 35 m 39 m
40.70 m
FJ-01
Funnel
Shape
Electrofacies
Lithology
Symmetrical
Shape
Blocky Shape
(Sedimentation of Coal)
Funnel Shape
(Coarsening
Upward)
Serrated Shape
(Agrrading)
Blocky Shape
(Agrrading)
Massive
Claystone
Litofacies
(Fm)
Parallel
Laminated
Sandstone
Litofacies
(Shb)
Lenticular
Claystone
Litofacies (Fl)
Coal Seam
Kladi
Flaser
Structure
Sandstone
Litofacies
(Sf)
Lenticular
Claystone
Litofacies (Fl)
Massive
Claystone
Litofacies
(Fm)
Siderite
Nodular
Claystone
Litofacies
(Fns)
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1
2
The lithology found in the two wells is a variety of of silt and clay
with the presence of carbon elements and the insertion of fine
sand. Where there is an increase in grain size from clay to silt
with sand inserts.
3
The gamma ray patterns found in both wells are Funnel Shape,
Serrated Shape, Symmetrical Shape and Blocky patterns. The
Funnel pattern indicates an Upward Coarsening process, while the
Serrated pattern indicates a massive silt and clay.
Based on lithological and electrofacies analysis, boreholes FJ-01 and
FJ-02 were correlated with the pattern of the depositional
environment by Horne (1979). It can be concluded that the
depositional environment is a transition from a lower delta plain to
a transitional delta plain.
Conclusion
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REFERENCES
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