This document appears to be a transcript from a game of Jeopardy focused on topics related to applied radiation physics. It includes clues in various categories related to radiation terminology, discoveries, scientists, detection equipment, and equations. Contestants were prompted to provide the question to clues in final jeopardy categories.
This document summarizes research on using porphyrin nanostructures for artificial photosynthesis applications. Key points include:
- Porphyrin nanotubes and "micro-clovers" self-assemble from ionic interactions between positively and negatively charged porphyrins.
- The nanostructures exhibit light harvesting properties and can generate hydrogen when combined with platinum nanoparticles and an electron donor/acceptor system.
- The morphology of the porphyrin structures can be tuned by varying growth conditions like ionic strength and temperature.
- The researchers propose hybrid artificial photosynthesis systems that combine porphyrin nanostructures with semiconductor nanoparticles to more efficiently split water and generate solar fuels using visible light
This interim report summarizes Gunnebo's financial performance for the first quarter of 2016. The report notes that organic sales grew 1% compared to the first quarter of 2015. The operating margin, excluding non-recurring items, was 4.2% and free cash flow improved by 150 million SEK compared to the same period last year. The Asia-Pacific region saw the strongest organic sales growth at 10%, while the EMEA and Americas regions saw declines of 1%. Cash management and entrance security products drove overall sales growth during the quarter.
This interim report summarizes Gunnebo's financial performance for the second quarter of 2016. Some key points:
- Sales were down 1% organically compared to Q2 2015, with growth in Asia-Pacific offset by declines in EMEA and Americas.
- Operating margin excluding non-recurring items was 7.0%, up from 6.7% in Q2 2015.
- Cash flow improved significantly with free cash flow of MSEK 27, compared to MSEK -42 in Q2 2015.
- By product area, Cash Management and Entrance Security drove growth, while Electronic Security sales weakened.
The document discusses radioactive waste and radioactive decay. It defines radioactive waste as material containing unusable radioactive byproducts from nuclear processes. It describes three types of radioactive waste - low-level waste, intermediate-level waste, and high-level waste. It also explains the three types of radioactive decay - alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.
The document discusses various topics related to radiation and nuclear physics, including:
1) The inverse-square law and how radiation intensity decreases with distance from the source. An experiment is described to demonstrate this.
2) Different types of ionizing radiation like alpha, beta, gamma rays and their properties. Experiments with shielding materials like lead are proposed.
3) Natural and medical sources of radiation and how they contribute to typical human annual radiation doses. Most exposure is from natural background sources like radon.
4) Nuclear reactions like alpha decay, neutron capture, and beta decay are explained. Isotopic notation and how the element changes during these reactions is also covered.
This document provides an introduction to radioactivity and nuclear physics. It discusses goals of learning about the physics of radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and their applications. It also covers hazards and safety mechanisms. Examples discussed include observing particle trails in a cloud chamber, the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, and how intensity of radiation follows the inverse square law.
This document appears to be a 50 question multiple choice quiz on 8th grade science topics including:
- Units of measurement for force, current, voltage, etc.
- Newton's laws of motion, types of forces, energy, and motion concepts
- Properties of sound waves including speed of sound and factors that affect it
- Light, color, refraction through prisms, and rainbow formation
- Electric circuits including Ohm's law, resistance, current, and voltage
- Additional questions cover weight on different planets, kinetic energy, and effects of changing voltage or current in a circuit.
This document summarizes research on using porphyrin nanostructures for artificial photosynthesis applications. Key points include:
- Porphyrin nanotubes and "micro-clovers" self-assemble from ionic interactions between positively and negatively charged porphyrins.
- The nanostructures exhibit light harvesting properties and can generate hydrogen when combined with platinum nanoparticles and an electron donor/acceptor system.
- The morphology of the porphyrin structures can be tuned by varying growth conditions like ionic strength and temperature.
- The researchers propose hybrid artificial photosynthesis systems that combine porphyrin nanostructures with semiconductor nanoparticles to more efficiently split water and generate solar fuels using visible light
This interim report summarizes Gunnebo's financial performance for the first quarter of 2016. The report notes that organic sales grew 1% compared to the first quarter of 2015. The operating margin, excluding non-recurring items, was 4.2% and free cash flow improved by 150 million SEK compared to the same period last year. The Asia-Pacific region saw the strongest organic sales growth at 10%, while the EMEA and Americas regions saw declines of 1%. Cash management and entrance security products drove overall sales growth during the quarter.
This interim report summarizes Gunnebo's financial performance for the second quarter of 2016. Some key points:
- Sales were down 1% organically compared to Q2 2015, with growth in Asia-Pacific offset by declines in EMEA and Americas.
- Operating margin excluding non-recurring items was 7.0%, up from 6.7% in Q2 2015.
- Cash flow improved significantly with free cash flow of MSEK 27, compared to MSEK -42 in Q2 2015.
- By product area, Cash Management and Entrance Security drove growth, while Electronic Security sales weakened.
The document discusses radioactive waste and radioactive decay. It defines radioactive waste as material containing unusable radioactive byproducts from nuclear processes. It describes three types of radioactive waste - low-level waste, intermediate-level waste, and high-level waste. It also explains the three types of radioactive decay - alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay.
The document discusses various topics related to radiation and nuclear physics, including:
1) The inverse-square law and how radiation intensity decreases with distance from the source. An experiment is described to demonstrate this.
2) Different types of ionizing radiation like alpha, beta, gamma rays and their properties. Experiments with shielding materials like lead are proposed.
3) Natural and medical sources of radiation and how they contribute to typical human annual radiation doses. Most exposure is from natural background sources like radon.
4) Nuclear reactions like alpha decay, neutron capture, and beta decay are explained. Isotopic notation and how the element changes during these reactions is also covered.
This document provides an introduction to radioactivity and nuclear physics. It discusses goals of learning about the physics of radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and their applications. It also covers hazards and safety mechanisms. Examples discussed include observing particle trails in a cloud chamber, the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, and how intensity of radiation follows the inverse square law.
This document appears to be a 50 question multiple choice quiz on 8th grade science topics including:
- Units of measurement for force, current, voltage, etc.
- Newton's laws of motion, types of forces, energy, and motion concepts
- Properties of sound waves including speed of sound and factors that affect it
- Light, color, refraction through prisms, and rainbow formation
- Electric circuits including Ohm's law, resistance, current, and voltage
- Additional questions cover weight on different planets, kinetic energy, and effects of changing voltage or current in a circuit.
The document provides information about radioactivity and the structure of atoms. It discusses that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus. It describes that there are three main types of radiation: alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, beta particles are high speed electrons, and gamma radiation is a high energy wave. It explains that radioactive atoms are unstable and emit these types of radiation to become stable. Each type of radiation has different properties in terms of what they are made of, how far they can travel in air, and what can stop them. The document seeks to educate about radioactivity and radiation.
The document provides information about radioactivity and radiation. It begins by explaining the structure of atoms and the three main types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha radiation is emitted as high-speed helium nuclei, beta as high-speed electrons, and gamma is a high-energy electromagnetic wave released after alpha or beta decay. It then discusses that radioactive atoms are unstable and emit radiation to become stable. The properties of the three types of radiation are explained, including what distance they can travel in air and what materials can stop them. Examples of radioactive materials and a quiz conclude the document.
Nuclear physics involves understanding atoms through experiments like Rutherford's gold foil experiment which showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus surrounded by empty space. Radiation like alpha, beta, and gamma rays is used in applications such as cancer treatment, electricity generation, and radiocarbon dating which relies on the radioactive decay of carbon-14 to determine the age of ancient materials.
Physics M5 Nature of radioactive decay eLearningJa
Let's think step by step:
- Original mass is 40g
- Half life is 8 days
- In 40 days, there are 40/8 = 5 half lives
- Each half life, the mass reduces to half
- After 5 half lives, the fraction remaining will be 1/32
- 1/32 of original 40g is 40/32 = 1.25g
The mass after 40 days is 1.25g. The answer is B.
30NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
This chemistry jeopardy game document contains questions and answers about various topics in chemistry including the parts of an atom, elements vs compounds vs mixtures, atomic models including Thomson's plum pudding model and Rutherford's nuclear model, electron configurations, quantum mechanics, isotopes, and more. The document is formatted as a game with questions worth different point values and includes diagrams to illustrate concepts.
The document discusses an upcoming physics exam and various topics related to waves, including:
- An upcoming quiz, exam, and assignments related to light as a wave and microwave radiation.
- Properties of different types of waves like transverse and longitudinal waves. Displacements of waves along different axes are discussed.
- Polarization of electromagnetic waves including linear and circular polarization. Applications of polarized light like 3D movies and sunglasses are mentioned.
- Characteristics of microwave radiation like wavelength and frequency are covered. Microwave ovens and standing waves are discussed.
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdfDonc Test
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdf
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdf
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdf
TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition by Stewart C...ssifa0344
TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition by Stewart C Bushong, Verified Chapters 1 - 40, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition by Stewart C Bushong, Verified Chapters 1 - 40, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The document contains a practice test for a physical science exam with 40 multiple choice questions covering topics like the four strokes of an engine, plane mirror images, wave properties, electromagnetic radiation, electric charge, hydrocarbons, metal properties, forces, chemical reactions, gravitational potential energy, lunar eclipses, mineral properties, pressure in fluid streams, magnetism produced by electricity, momentum, machine efficiency, forms of energy, acceleration due to gravity, moon's gravity, circuit power, water pollution, electromagnetic waves, momentum after collision, echo minimization, volcano features, phonograph needle speed, fish density, identifying alkenes and alkanes, re
The document discusses ionizing radiation and its applications. It describes three types of ionizing radiation - alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Alpha particles have the highest ionization density and shortest range, while gamma rays have the lowest ionization density and longest range. Ionizing radiation is used in applications like medical imaging, radiation therapy, smoke detectors, carbon dating, and detecting leaks. It can kill or damage living cells, making it useful for sterilization but also dangerous if not handled safely.
The document is a quiz with multiple choice questions covering topics in physics, chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. There are over 30 questions testing knowledge of concepts like the earth's magnetic field, elements on the periodic table, properties of waves, relativity, nuclear reactions, properties of particles, and more. The questions are multiple choice with 4 possible answers for each, and the correct answer is provided after each question.
This document discusses a lecture about diffusion phenomena given by Tatsuya Shibata in 2012. It begins by explaining one-dimensional random walks as a model of molecular diffusion. It describes how particles undergo random displacement steps but their average position does not change over time. It also shows that the variance in a particle's position increases linearly with time, following the equation that variance is equal to 2Dt, where D is the diffusion coefficient. This models how diffusion causes the distribution of particles to broaden over time.
PHYSICS and nuclear by dr nasar yaqoob.pptxSoonhChanna
1. The document discusses various topics related to physics and nuclear medicine including image intensifier screens, radiographic film layers, x-ray tubes, ultrasound probes, and radiation dosimetry devices.
2. Key components of an image intensifier screen and their functions are defined. The layers of a conventional radiographic film and intensifying screen are also named.
3. Different types of x-ray tubes, their components, and advantages are outlined. Characteristics of various ultrasound probe designs are provided.
4. Personal radiation monitoring devices like film badges, TLDs, and OSLDs are identified and some of their properties described.
- Light bulbs in series all carry the same current regardless of resistance.
- Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that include visible light, radio waves, and x-rays.
- Light sometimes acts as both a wave and a particle.
- Newton's 3rd law states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object always exerts the same amount of force back on the first.
The document discusses various physics concepts related to the wave-particle duality of light, including interference, diffraction, polarization, and the photoelectric effect. It provides examples of these concepts, such as thin film interference seen in soap bubbles and discusses experiments like the Michelson-Morley experiment and LIGO that study properties of light and gravity waves. The key point is that light must be understood as both a wave and particle based on experimental evidence.
The document discusses background radiation and the three types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma. It provides details on their nature, ionizing effects, penetrating abilities, and how they are affected by electric and magnetic fields. Applications of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are also summarized, including use as medical tracers, industrial tracers, food sterilization, thickness control in manufacturing, and cancer radiotherapy. The document aims to describe the core concepts and properties of different radioactive emissions.
The document is an invitation from N.F. for a student to solve puzzles in a virtual manor to learn about the structure of matter. The student is told the manor contains monsters and the goal is to complete puzzles to find the host's identity and earn a reward. The document provides rules for an adventure game where the student will study groups on the periodic table and complete a project to present their findings.
1. Radioactivity can be detected using photographic film or a Geiger-Muller detector. Background radiation comes from natural sources like radon gas emanating from rocks and internal radiation from radioactive elements inside our bodies.
2. The activity of a radioactive source is measured in becquerels and refers to the number of decays per second. It decreases over time as the radioactive material decays. Half-life refers to the time it takes for half the radioactive material or nuclei to decay and is different for each isotope.
3. Calculating half-lives involves determining the amount of radioactive material or activity remaining after set time periods equal to the half-life. Graphing the decay of an isotope over time can also
- The document contains multiple choice questions about properties of light from a chapter on light.
- It addresses topics like what light is composed of, the electromagnetic spectrum, reflection and absorption of light, and properties of vision.
- The questions are accompanied by explanations and comments about correct answers.
The document provides information about radioactive decay and nuclear physics. It discusses the discovery of the nucleus through Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiments. It then covers the properties and dangers of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. The document also addresses radioactive decay theory and models, isotopes, and decay modes. It includes diagrams of particle tracks in cloud chambers and magnetic fields. Formulas for calculating the distance of closest approach for alpha scattering are also presented.
The document discusses the types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay. It describes alpha, beta, and neutron radiation as particulate radiation emitted from atomic nuclei. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, beta radiation can be electrons or positrons, and neutron radiation emits neutrons. Electron capture and internal conversion are also discussed as alternative decay processes.
Radiation is energy emitted from unstable atomic nuclei during radioactive decay. There are two types: particulate radiation consisting of alpha, beta, neutron particles; and electromagnetic radiation like gamma rays and X-rays. Different units are used to measure exposure to radiation, absorbed dose in tissue, and biological effect, with sieverts and grays being the current standard units.
The document provides information about radioactivity and the structure of atoms. It discusses that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus. It describes that there are three main types of radiation: alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, beta particles are high speed electrons, and gamma radiation is a high energy wave. It explains that radioactive atoms are unstable and emit these types of radiation to become stable. Each type of radiation has different properties in terms of what they are made of, how far they can travel in air, and what can stop them. The document seeks to educate about radioactivity and radiation.
The document provides information about radioactivity and radiation. It begins by explaining the structure of atoms and the three main types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma. Alpha radiation is emitted as high-speed helium nuclei, beta as high-speed electrons, and gamma is a high-energy electromagnetic wave released after alpha or beta decay. It then discusses that radioactive atoms are unstable and emit radiation to become stable. The properties of the three types of radiation are explained, including what distance they can travel in air and what materials can stop them. Examples of radioactive materials and a quiz conclude the document.
Nuclear physics involves understanding atoms through experiments like Rutherford's gold foil experiment which showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus surrounded by empty space. Radiation like alpha, beta, and gamma rays is used in applications such as cancer treatment, electricity generation, and radiocarbon dating which relies on the radioactive decay of carbon-14 to determine the age of ancient materials.
Physics M5 Nature of radioactive decay eLearningJa
Let's think step by step:
- Original mass is 40g
- Half life is 8 days
- In 40 days, there are 40/8 = 5 half lives
- Each half life, the mass reduces to half
- After 5 half lives, the fraction remaining will be 1/32
- 1/32 of original 40g is 40/32 = 1.25g
The mass after 40 days is 1.25g. The answer is B.
30NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
This chemistry jeopardy game document contains questions and answers about various topics in chemistry including the parts of an atom, elements vs compounds vs mixtures, atomic models including Thomson's plum pudding model and Rutherford's nuclear model, electron configurations, quantum mechanics, isotopes, and more. The document is formatted as a game with questions worth different point values and includes diagrams to illustrate concepts.
The document discusses an upcoming physics exam and various topics related to waves, including:
- An upcoming quiz, exam, and assignments related to light as a wave and microwave radiation.
- Properties of different types of waves like transverse and longitudinal waves. Displacements of waves along different axes are discussed.
- Polarization of electromagnetic waves including linear and circular polarization. Applications of polarized light like 3D movies and sunglasses are mentioned.
- Characteristics of microwave radiation like wavelength and frequency are covered. Microwave ovens and standing waves are discussed.
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdfDonc Test
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdf
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdf
Test bank for radiologic science for technologists 12th edition by bushong.pdf
TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition by Stewart C...ssifa0344
TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition by Stewart C Bushong, Verified Chapters 1 - 40, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK For Radiologic Science for Technologists, 12th Edition by Stewart C Bushong, Verified Chapters 1 - 40, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The document contains a practice test for a physical science exam with 40 multiple choice questions covering topics like the four strokes of an engine, plane mirror images, wave properties, electromagnetic radiation, electric charge, hydrocarbons, metal properties, forces, chemical reactions, gravitational potential energy, lunar eclipses, mineral properties, pressure in fluid streams, magnetism produced by electricity, momentum, machine efficiency, forms of energy, acceleration due to gravity, moon's gravity, circuit power, water pollution, electromagnetic waves, momentum after collision, echo minimization, volcano features, phonograph needle speed, fish density, identifying alkenes and alkanes, re
The document discusses ionizing radiation and its applications. It describes three types of ionizing radiation - alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Alpha particles have the highest ionization density and shortest range, while gamma rays have the lowest ionization density and longest range. Ionizing radiation is used in applications like medical imaging, radiation therapy, smoke detectors, carbon dating, and detecting leaks. It can kill or damage living cells, making it useful for sterilization but also dangerous if not handled safely.
The document is a quiz with multiple choice questions covering topics in physics, chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. There are over 30 questions testing knowledge of concepts like the earth's magnetic field, elements on the periodic table, properties of waves, relativity, nuclear reactions, properties of particles, and more. The questions are multiple choice with 4 possible answers for each, and the correct answer is provided after each question.
This document discusses a lecture about diffusion phenomena given by Tatsuya Shibata in 2012. It begins by explaining one-dimensional random walks as a model of molecular diffusion. It describes how particles undergo random displacement steps but their average position does not change over time. It also shows that the variance in a particle's position increases linearly with time, following the equation that variance is equal to 2Dt, where D is the diffusion coefficient. This models how diffusion causes the distribution of particles to broaden over time.
PHYSICS and nuclear by dr nasar yaqoob.pptxSoonhChanna
1. The document discusses various topics related to physics and nuclear medicine including image intensifier screens, radiographic film layers, x-ray tubes, ultrasound probes, and radiation dosimetry devices.
2. Key components of an image intensifier screen and their functions are defined. The layers of a conventional radiographic film and intensifying screen are also named.
3. Different types of x-ray tubes, their components, and advantages are outlined. Characteristics of various ultrasound probe designs are provided.
4. Personal radiation monitoring devices like film badges, TLDs, and OSLDs are identified and some of their properties described.
- Light bulbs in series all carry the same current regardless of resistance.
- Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that include visible light, radio waves, and x-rays.
- Light sometimes acts as both a wave and a particle.
- Newton's 3rd law states that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object always exerts the same amount of force back on the first.
The document discusses various physics concepts related to the wave-particle duality of light, including interference, diffraction, polarization, and the photoelectric effect. It provides examples of these concepts, such as thin film interference seen in soap bubbles and discusses experiments like the Michelson-Morley experiment and LIGO that study properties of light and gravity waves. The key point is that light must be understood as both a wave and particle based on experimental evidence.
The document discusses background radiation and the three types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma. It provides details on their nature, ionizing effects, penetrating abilities, and how they are affected by electric and magnetic fields. Applications of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are also summarized, including use as medical tracers, industrial tracers, food sterilization, thickness control in manufacturing, and cancer radiotherapy. The document aims to describe the core concepts and properties of different radioactive emissions.
The document is an invitation from N.F. for a student to solve puzzles in a virtual manor to learn about the structure of matter. The student is told the manor contains monsters and the goal is to complete puzzles to find the host's identity and earn a reward. The document provides rules for an adventure game where the student will study groups on the periodic table and complete a project to present their findings.
1. Radioactivity can be detected using photographic film or a Geiger-Muller detector. Background radiation comes from natural sources like radon gas emanating from rocks and internal radiation from radioactive elements inside our bodies.
2. The activity of a radioactive source is measured in becquerels and refers to the number of decays per second. It decreases over time as the radioactive material decays. Half-life refers to the time it takes for half the radioactive material or nuclei to decay and is different for each isotope.
3. Calculating half-lives involves determining the amount of radioactive material or activity remaining after set time periods equal to the half-life. Graphing the decay of an isotope over time can also
- The document contains multiple choice questions about properties of light from a chapter on light.
- It addresses topics like what light is composed of, the electromagnetic spectrum, reflection and absorption of light, and properties of vision.
- The questions are accompanied by explanations and comments about correct answers.
The document provides information about radioactive decay and nuclear physics. It discusses the discovery of the nucleus through Rutherford's alpha particle scattering experiments. It then covers the properties and dangers of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. The document also addresses radioactive decay theory and models, isotopes, and decay modes. It includes diagrams of particle tracks in cloud chambers and magnetic fields. Formulas for calculating the distance of closest approach for alpha scattering are also presented.
The document discusses the types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay. It describes alpha, beta, and neutron radiation as particulate radiation emitted from atomic nuclei. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, beta radiation can be electrons or positrons, and neutron radiation emits neutrons. Electron capture and internal conversion are also discussed as alternative decay processes.
Radiation is energy emitted from unstable atomic nuclei during radioactive decay. There are two types: particulate radiation consisting of alpha, beta, neutron particles; and electromagnetic radiation like gamma rays and X-rays. Different units are used to measure exposure to radiation, absorbed dose in tissue, and biological effect, with sieverts and grays being the current standard units.
The document provides a history of discoveries related to radiation from 1789 to the mid-1900s. Some of the key events include the discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen, the discovery of radioactivity in uranium in 1896 by Henri Becquerel, and the development of the first atomic model by Niels Bohr in 1913. The document also discusses early uses of radiation in medicine as well as some of the first reported injuries from exposure to X-rays and radiation.
Radiation is a form of energy that can be dangerous in high amounts. Different types of radiation include alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and x-rays. Proper safety precautions must be followed when working with radioactive materials or radiation-emitting devices to avoid exposure and protect health.
Radiation comes in many forms but can be categorized as either particulate or electromagnetic. Particulate radiation includes alpha, beta, and neutron particles, while electromagnetic radiation includes gamma and X-rays. Alpha particles have a +2 charge and are emitted from large, unstable nuclei. Beta particles are high-speed electrons or positrons emitted from neutron or proton conversion. Gamma rays are pure energy electromagnetic waves emitted during nuclear de-excitation. Radiation is measured in MeV for particles and keV for electromagnetic waves.
The document discusses nuclear reactions and power generation from nuclear fission. It describes how uranium-235 can undergo fission when hit by a neutron, releasing energy. This property is harnessed in nuclear reactors, where sustained fission reactions produce heat to generate electricity. The document outlines the basic design of nuclear power plants and discusses safety considerations and different types of reactor designs.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
This document discusses various methods for detecting radiation. It outlines passive detectors like photographic film, electroscopes, dosimeters, and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) which do not require a power source. Active detectors mentioned include Geiger-Muller tubes and scintillation detectors, which need a constant energy supply. Both types detect radiation indirectly by ionizing matter and detecting the ions produced, though active detectors provide more information about the radiation type and energy.
The Chart of the Nuclides is a tool that maps all known nuclides by plotting their protons vs neutrons. It displays information on stable and unstable isotopes like their symbol, mass number, decay mode, and half-life. Radioactive isotopes will decay along the chart until reaching stability, often led. The chart allows analysis of decay chains and is important in understanding nuclear processes and radiation.
Phosphate is essential for life and is mined in Florida where large deposits formed under ancient seas. It is mined by removing overburden with draglines and washing the remaining matrix to extract phosphate, clay, and sand. The clay byproduct is stored in settling ponds that have elevated radioactivity compared to normal soil. Most of Florida's phosphate has been mined, centered in Polk County, though mining continues further south as resources are depleted.
The document discusses the structure of atomic nuclei. It notes that atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons. The number of protons determines the element and its properties. Neutrons have no charge while protons have a positive charge. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. The mass number of an isotope is the total number of protons and neutrons.
Our understanding of atomic structure has changed significantly over time. Originally, Dalton proposed that atoms were indivisible spheres (1808). Later, experiments revealed atoms have internal structure including a small, dense nucleus and subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons. The modern atomic model depicts atoms as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
Radiation can damage DNA through ionization, potentially leading to cell death or mutation and increased cancer risk; while high doses cause acute radiation syndromes like hematopoietic syndrome, even low doses slightly increase lifetime cancer risk proportional to dose; medical uses of radiation involve careful consideration of dose required versus risk to maximize benefits like cancer treatment and diagnostics using techniques like x-rays and radiotracers.
3. All matter is made up of these 3 subatomic
particles.
A. What are electrons, protons and neutrons?
B. What are alpha, beta and gamma?
C. What are earth, wind and fire?
D. What are paper, rock and scissors?
Return to Main Board
4. This particle is made up of 2 protons and
2 neutrons and can be very damaging to
internal organs of the human body.
A. What is a beta particle?
B. What is cosmic radiation?
C. What is an alpha particle?
D. What is a neutrino?
Return to Main Board
5. These two types of photons (or rays) are
essentially the same except for their
place of origin within the atom.
A. What are cathode rays and x-rays?
B. What are beta rays and alpha rays?
C. What are devil rays and cosmic rays?
D. What are gamma rays and x-rays?
Return to Main Board
6. It’s also known as anti-matter.
A. What is an electron?
B. What is a positron?
C. What is a neutron?
D. What is a wonton?
Return to Main Board
7. These type of x-rays are emitted at discrete
energies from the excited atom as a result
of electron capture decay.
A. What are superficial x-rays?
B. What are characteristic x-rays?
C. What are phantom rays?
D. What are emission rays?
Return to Main Board
8. Radiation Safety
technicians do this 4
times a year to verify
that Radiation labs
are clean.
A. What are contamination surveys?
B. What are asbestos surveys?
C. What are fire extinguisher surveys?
D. What is appearing on ‘Dancing With the
Stars?
Return to Main Board
9. These are the only UK
employees licensed to
handle Radioactive Waste.
A. Who are Senior Engineers?
B. What are Phlebotomists?
(Phle-WHO?)
C. Who are Radiation Safety
Technicians?
D. Who are ‘Montgomery Gentry?
Return to Main Board
10. This is the best way to keep
from getting radioactive
contamination on yourself.
A. What is spraying for bedbugs?
B. What is ‘Calling in Sick’?
C. What are wearing gloves and
hand washing?
D. What is a lead suit?
Return to Main Board
11. Radiation symbols on
tape indicate that the area
contains
A. What are bedbugs?
B. What is radioactive contamination?
C. What is expensive equipment?
D. What are a gamma-photo-pulserators?
Return to Main Board
12. Exposure to radiation
may increase your
chance of getting
A.What are bedbugs?
B.What is Cancer?
C.What is Syndromatic
Hepatic Ductular
Hypoplasia?
D.What is a bad hair day?
Return to Main Board
13. I theorized, E=mc2, assigning a
mass to the electromagnetic
wave.
A. Who is Jose Guadix?
B. Who is Charles Barkley?
C. Who is Jethro Bodine?
D. Who is Albert Einstein?
Return to Main Board
14. My theory of the atom
allowed the electron to
maintain a stable orbit
around the nucleus.
A.Who is Thomas Edison?
B.Who is Neils Bohr?
C.Who is Alfred Hitchcock?
D.Who is Pierre Curie?
Return to Main Board
15. I proposed that the atom
had a positively charged
nucleus and negatively
charged electrons
surrounding the nucleus.
A.Who is Kevin Costner?
B.Who is Conrad Roentgen?
C.Who is Cliff Clavin?
D.Who is Lord Rutherford?
Return to Main Board
16. Along with my student, Herbert
Becker, I discovered a very
penetrating uncharged type of
radiation. James Chadwick
later called this type of particle
a neutron.
A.Who is Walther Bothe?
B.Who is Robert Duvall?
C.Who is Delwood Snyder?
D.Who is Hans Schtickel?
Return to Main Board
17. In 1897, I stated that
cathode rays were really
particles. I called them
“corpuscles” at first, but
they later became known
as electrons.
A.Who is Sam Drucker?
B.Who is Kelsey Grammer?
C.Who is J. J. Thomson?
D.Who is Sir Edmund Hillary?
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18. It’s the period of time required for any given
radioisotope to decrease to one-half of its
original quantity.
A.What is half-life?
B.What is half-value layer?
C.What is decay time?
D.What is half and half?
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19. It’s the SI unit that is the amount of radioactive
material which disintegrates at the rate of 1
atom per second.
A.What is a Sievert?
B.What is a Roentgen?
C.What is a Gray?
D.What is a Becquerel?
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20. It’s the disintegration mode that involves the
ejection of a helium nucleus.
A.What is electron capture?
B.What is alpha decay?
C.What is beta-plus decay?
D.What is beta-minus decay?
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21. It’s approximately equal to the radioactivity of
one gram of Radium 226.
A.What is a Fermi?
B.What is a Curie?
C.What is a Becker?
D.What is a Bohr?
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22. For any atom, it’s the number of protons plus
the number of neutrons.
A.What is the atomic volume?
B.What is the atomic activity?
C.What is the atomic mass number?
D.What is the atomic force value?
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23. It’s the symbol that represents the Transformation
(or Decay) Constant.
A.What is gamma (Γ)?
B.What is sigma (Σ)?
C.What is lambda (λ)?
D.What is iota (Ϊ)?
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24. In the equation, A=A0e-λt, it’s what A0
represents.
A.What is the amount of time passed?
B.What is the alpha energy after time, t?
C.What is the activity after time, t?
D.What is the initial activity?
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26. In the equation, N = N0e-λt, it’s what N represents.
(Be careful…We’re looking for “N”, not “A”)
A.What is the number of radioactive atoms
after time, t?
B.What is the initial number of radioactive
atoms?
C.What is the neutron number of the
atom?
D.What is the name of the atom?
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27. If Polkium has a half-life of 5 days, and you
initially had 150 Ci, this is the activity which
would be present after 3 days.
Remember: A=A0e-.693t/halflife
A.What is 122 Ci?
B.What is 99 Ci?
C.What is 82 Ci?
D.What is 77 Ci?
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28. No, I can’t make
flap-jacks, but I can
hunt down pesky
betas. It’s my
common name.
A.What is a lunar probe? I’m one of
those
B.What is a griddle-cake probe? also!
C.What is a circular probe?
D.What is a pancake probe?
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29. Because of my thin Mylar
membrane, I’m best
suited for detecting this
type of radiation.
A.What is alpha radiation?
B.What is neutron radiation?
C.What is proton radiation?
D.What is microwave radiation?
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30. You close your
windows to keep out
flies. We close ours
to keep out these.
A.What are x-rays?
B.What are beta particles?
C.What are gamma rays?
D.What are neutrons?
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31. It’s the reason why my
internal GM detector
responds more accurately
than many other GMs at low
energies.
A.What are photon forensics?
B.What is gamma gumption?
C.What is energy compensation?
D.What is x-ray excitement?
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32. Of GM, ion chamber,
scintillation detector or
semi-conductor, the one
that I detect x-rays with.
A.What is GM?
B.What is ion chamber?
C.What is scintillation detector?
D.What is semi-conductor?
FINAL
JEOPARDY
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33. It’s the activity remaining after 20 years of a
radioactive source that has an initial activity
of 200 mCi and a half-life of 10 years.
A.What is 25 mCi?
B.What is 50 mCi?
C.What is 100 mCi?
D.What is 150 mCi?
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