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Psychology is defined as the science of behavior and mental processes. It studies cognition, brain activity, mental functions, and how these influence individual and social behavior. Psychologists explore concepts like perception, cognition, emotion, and motivation. They conduct both qualitative and quantitative research using the scientific method. Some subfields of psychology include clinical, biological, industrial, organizational, social, and developmental psychology. In conclusion, psychology is an important science that studies human behavior individually and in groups, and plays a role in society by involving concepts related to mental health, biology, and other factors that define individuals physically, socially, and spiritually.
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Unit 1
The document provides an overview of psychology including its definitions, history, branches, and scientific nature. It discusses:
1) Psychology is defined as the science of behavior and mental processes, explaining human behavior through scientific study.
2) The major branches of psychology include clinical, developmental, social, industrial/organizational, and cognitive/experimental psychology.
3) Psychology aims to build knowledge through empirical research studies and applying findings to real world issues in various fields like clinical and industrial settings.
Psychology is a science
Psychology meets the essential criteria to be considered a science. It uses the scientific method through experimental research to study behaviors and mental processes factually and objectively. The laws and principles of psychology discovered through this research have proven to be universal and verifiable across contexts and times. Like other sciences, psychology aims to discover causal relationships and make predictions about its subject of study, in this case human behavior. While not as precisely measured as physical sciences, psychology still approaches its dynamic subject scientifically.
Psychology as a Science
This presentation aims to delineate the difference between science and pseudoscience and justifies psychology to be a valid science.
Introduction to Psychology:definition
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
The word Psychology has its origin from two Greek words ‘Psyche’ and ‘Logos’, ‘psyche’ means ‘soul’ and ‘logos’ means ‘study’. Thus literally, Psychology means ‘the study of soul’ or ‘science of soul’.
The first definition of the Psychology was the study of the soul:
The earliest attempts at defining Psychology owe their origin to the most mysterious and philosophical concept, namely that of soul. What is soul? How can it be studied? The inability to find clear answers to such questions led some ancient Greek philosophers to define psychology as the study of the mind.
In terms of the study of consciousness
The description and explanation of the states of consciousness is the task of Psychology which is usually done by the instrument introspection—process of looking within
This definition was also rejected on the grounds that
(i) It could not include the study of the consciousness of animals.
(ii) It would not include subconscious and unconscious activities of mind.
(iii) The introspection method for the study proved that it is most subjective and unscientific method
In terms of the study of behaviour
The most modern and widely accepted definition of psychology even today, is the study of behaviour, both humans and animals
Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
Scientific -
Behaviour - includes all of our outward or overt actions and reactions, such as verbal and facial expressions and movements.
Mental processes - refer to all the internal and covert activity of our mind such as thinking, feeling and remembering. It is a scientific study because to study behaviour and mental processes, the psychologists use the scientific methods for understanding more precisely and accurately.
doubt clearance session
References
Introduction to Psychology - Clifford Morgan , Richard King , John Weisz , John Schopler
Introduction to Psychology - Robert A. Baron
General psychology – S.K . Mangal
Psychology Doors and Corridors - CU
Thank you
What is psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It includes many subfields like human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior and cognitive processes. While it originated in ancient Greece, psychology has developed over the past 150 years into an empirical science. Early perspectives included functionalism, which focused on the causes and consequences of behavior, and structuralism, which relied on introspection to study mental processes. Modern psychology takes a broad approach, investigating learning, perception, emotion, thinking, personality, intelligence and more using various research methods across biological, cognitive, evolutionary and cultural approaches.
General Psychology
The document outlines the scientific method of investigation which involves several key steps: defining the problem, reviewing related literature, formulating a hypothesis, developing a research design, collecting data, analyzing the data, and drawing a conclusion. It also discusses two common research methods - surveys and observation - outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses the importance of psychology in understanding human behavior scientifically and applying findings to solve problems.
Introduction and methods of psychology
This document provides an introduction and overview of psychology. It discusses the history and origins of psychology, moving from early philosophical approaches to modern scientific study. It describes some of the major schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, and psychoanalysis. The document also discusses the scope of psychology, relating it to other fields like biology, philosophy, sociology, and psychiatry. It addresses psychology as both a science that studies behavior and mental processes, as well as its various applied fields.
Chapter one psychology
This document provides an overview of psychology as a field of study. It defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, and how they are influenced by an organism's physical and mental state, as well as their environment. It notes that psychology aims to study both observable behaviors as well as subtle mental processes and states. The document then discusses different areas of psychology including cognitive, social, developmental, health, clinical, and educational psychology. It provides examples of topics studied within each area.
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Unit 1
The document provides an overview of psychology including its definitions, history, branches, and scientific nature. It discusses:
1) Psychology is defined as the science of behavior and mental processes, explaining human behavior through scientific study.
2) The major branches of psychology include clinical, developmental, social, industrial/organizational, and cognitive/experimental psychology.
3) Psychology aims to build knowledge through empirical research studies and applying findings to real world issues in various fields like clinical and industrial settings.
Psychology is a science
Psychology meets the essential criteria to be considered a science. It uses the scientific method through experimental research to study behaviors and mental processes factually and objectively. The laws and principles of psychology discovered through this research have proven to be universal and verifiable across contexts and times. Like other sciences, psychology aims to discover causal relationships and make predictions about its subject of study, in this case human behavior. While not as precisely measured as physical sciences, psychology still approaches its dynamic subject scientifically.
Psychology as a Science
This presentation aims to delineate the difference between science and pseudoscience and justifies psychology to be a valid science.
Introduction to Psychology:definition
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
The word Psychology has its origin from two Greek words ‘Psyche’ and ‘Logos’, ‘psyche’ means ‘soul’ and ‘logos’ means ‘study’. Thus literally, Psychology means ‘the study of soul’ or ‘science of soul’.
The first definition of the Psychology was the study of the soul:
The earliest attempts at defining Psychology owe their origin to the most mysterious and philosophical concept, namely that of soul. What is soul? How can it be studied? The inability to find clear answers to such questions led some ancient Greek philosophers to define psychology as the study of the mind.
In terms of the study of consciousness
The description and explanation of the states of consciousness is the task of Psychology which is usually done by the instrument introspection—process of looking within
This definition was also rejected on the grounds that
(i) It could not include the study of the consciousness of animals.
(ii) It would not include subconscious and unconscious activities of mind.
(iii) The introspection method for the study proved that it is most subjective and unscientific method
In terms of the study of behaviour
The most modern and widely accepted definition of psychology even today, is the study of behaviour, both humans and animals
Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.
Scientific -
Behaviour - includes all of our outward or overt actions and reactions, such as verbal and facial expressions and movements.
Mental processes - refer to all the internal and covert activity of our mind such as thinking, feeling and remembering. It is a scientific study because to study behaviour and mental processes, the psychologists use the scientific methods for understanding more precisely and accurately.
doubt clearance session
References
Introduction to Psychology - Clifford Morgan , Richard King , John Weisz , John Schopler
Introduction to Psychology - Robert A. Baron
General psychology – S.K . Mangal
Psychology Doors and Corridors - CU
Thank you
What is psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It includes many subfields like human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior and cognitive processes. While it originated in ancient Greece, psychology has developed over the past 150 years into an empirical science. Early perspectives included functionalism, which focused on the causes and consequences of behavior, and structuralism, which relied on introspection to study mental processes. Modern psychology takes a broad approach, investigating learning, perception, emotion, thinking, personality, intelligence and more using various research methods across biological, cognitive, evolutionary and cultural approaches.
General Psychology
The document outlines the scientific method of investigation which involves several key steps: defining the problem, reviewing related literature, formulating a hypothesis, developing a research design, collecting data, analyzing the data, and drawing a conclusion. It also discusses two common research methods - surveys and observation - outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses the importance of psychology in understanding human behavior scientifically and applying findings to solve problems.
Introduction and methods of psychology
This document provides an introduction and overview of psychology. It discusses the history and origins of psychology, moving from early philosophical approaches to modern scientific study. It describes some of the major schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, and psychoanalysis. The document also discusses the scope of psychology, relating it to other fields like biology, philosophy, sociology, and psychiatry. It addresses psychology as both a science that studies behavior and mental processes, as well as its various applied fields.
Chapter one psychology
This document provides an overview of psychology as a field of study. It defines psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, and how they are influenced by an organism's physical and mental state, as well as their environment. It notes that psychology aims to study both observable behaviors as well as subtle mental processes and states. The document then discusses different areas of psychology including cognitive, social, developmental, health, clinical, and educational psychology. It provides examples of topics studied within each area.
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- Historically, introspection was used by philosophers like Descartes and psychologists like Wundt and Titchener to study consciousness. However, it fell out of favor due to criticisms that it lacks objectivity and reliability.
- The document outlines the definition, history, use, merits, and demerits of introspection. While it can provide direct insights, limitations include its subjective nature, difficulty observing changing mental states, and variability across reports. Proper training may help address some limitations.
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2. There are several schools of psychology including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, gestalt, psychoanalysis, and purposivism.
3. There are many branches and applications of psychology including general, developmental, clinical, counseling, educational, industrial-organizational, and forensic psychology. Psychology uses various research methods like introspection, observation, experiments, surveys and statistical analysis.
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- Structuralism and functionalism were two early schools that focused on discovering the structure of the mind and understanding thinking, motivation, and learning respectively.
- Methods of psychology include introspection, observation, experiments, surveys, and statistical analysis to understand, predict, and control behavior.
- There are many branches and applications of psychology such as developmental, abnormal, clinical, educational, and industrial psychology.
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classifying conscious experiences into analyzable small parts, mind could be broken down into
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taught him; however, he retained and used the technique called introspection to understand
the conscious mind. Titchener applied introspection in his study by means of observation and
analysis. He believed that conscious experiences are difficult to control in an experiment as
behavior is not.
Ferdinand de Saussare was the greatest face of structuralism in linguistics. He posited
that language is a structured system. This means that understanding language is based on its
convention and structural rules –grammar. In anthropology, Claude Levi-Strauss pioneered
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1. Psychology is the science of the mind and behavior, studying both conscious and unconscious phenomena as well as feelings and thoughts. It aims to understand individuals and groups to establish general principles.
2. The word psychology derives from Greek roots meaning "study of the soul". It refers to the academic study of mental processes and behavior.
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Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Some key points about the history and methods of psychology include:
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structuralism is introduced are psychology, linguistics, and anthropology with the pioneering
founders Wilhem Wundt, Edward Tichener, Ferdinand de Saussare, and Claude Levi-Strauss,
respectively. Each of them has their own contribution to the field.
The systematic movement of structuralism in psychology had started in Germany and
was introduced by Wilhelm Wundt and popularized by Edward B. Titchener. Wundt, regarded
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the idea of structuralism (voluntarism as previously termed by Wundt). He supposed that, by
classifying conscious experiences into analyzable small parts, mind could be broken down into
structures for us to analyze and examine it (Kendra, 2020). His student, however, Titchener
decided to popularize the ideas of structuralism by changing much of what his mentor had
taught him; however, he retained and used the technique called introspection to understand
the conscious mind. Titchener applied introspection in his study by means of observation and
analysis. He believed that conscious experiences are difficult to control in an experiment as
behavior is not.
Ferdinand de Saussare was the greatest face of structuralism in linguistics. He posited
that language is a structured system. This means that understanding language is based on its
convention and structural rules –grammar. In anthropology, Claude Levi-Strauss pioneered
structuralism and asserted that human thoughts have something to do with cultural phenomena.
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Human psychology
Human psychology can be summarized as follows:
1. Psychology is the science of the mind and behavior, studying both conscious and unconscious phenomena as well as feelings and thoughts. It aims to understand individuals and groups to establish general principles.
2. The word psychology derives from Greek roots meaning "study of the soul". It refers to the academic study of mental processes and behavior.
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This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of psychology. It discusses how psychology emerged from philosophy and physiology to become an empirical science. Key developments included Wundt establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1879, Watson founding the behaviorist approach, and the cognitive revolution bringing attention back to internal mental processes. Modern psychology uses various methods across biological, cognitive, and social levels of analysis to develop and test theories about human behavior and mental functioning.
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The document outlines several major schools of thought in psychology including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, cognitivism, gestalt psychology, humanism, and psychoanalysis. Structuralism focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components, while functionalism viewed psychology in terms of how the mind helps individuals adapt to their environments. Behaviorism believes all behavior can be explained by environmental causes, and cognitivism studies mental processes like thinking, perceiving, and learning. Gestalt psychology views experiences and behavior as unified wholes rather than separate elements. Humanism emphasizes free will, personal growth, and self-actualization. Psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the unconscious mind and how it influences behavior
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Table of Contents:
- THE EMERGENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY
- DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
- BASIC SCIENTIFIC PSYCHOLOGICAL SCHOOLS
- STRUCTURALISM
- FUNCTIONALISM
- PSYCHOANALYTIC SCHOOL
- THE STRUCTURE OF THE PSYCHE
- CRITICISM OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
- BEHAVIORISM
- GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
- HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
- COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
- RESEARCH METHODS
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Powerpointing115
- 1. Escuela de Estudios Profesionales Programa Ahora Universidad del Este ENGL 115 COLLEGE READING AND WRITING I Professor. Leroy Alicea Cabassa By: Ernesto Andrés De Santiago Vargas
- 2. Psychology
- 3. DEFINITION Psychology: Is the science of behavior and mental processes.
- 4. Conduct Behavior means conduct, manner of acting, the way that people react in the conductible form or respond to any or particular matter of life. Mental Processes is related to cognition and brain activity.
- 5. Why Study?/Objetives/Function Mental Functions Neurobiological Attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior. Also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain functions and behaviors. Ex. thyroidal gland.
- 6. Explore
- 7. Concepts Psychologists explore such concepts as: Perception Cognition Attention Emotion
- 8. Also… Phenomenology Motivation Brain Functioning Personality Interpersonal Relationships
- 9. Old School Researchers Group photo 1909 in front of Clark University. Front row: Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Carl Jung. back row: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest Jones, Sándor Ferenczi.
- 10. Qualitative And Quantitative Research Is conducted in accord with the standards of the scientific method. Researchers seek the emergence of theoretically interesting categories / hypotheses from data, using qualitative/ quantitative methods (or both).
- 11. Subfields Clinical Biological Industrial Organizational Social Developmental /Age
- 12. Conclusion Psychology it’s a very important science that study the human behavior as individual and also as a group. Plays a role in society because involved mental health, biological, scientific data, social, and other concepts who define the individual as physical, social, psyche, spiritual.