The document provides background information on the Ghadeer-e-Khum incident where the Prophet Muhammad declared Ali as the master of all believers in front of over 100,000 Muslims. It describes the location of Ghadeer-e-Khum near Mecca, the urgent revelation received, the sermon given by Muhammad establishing Ali's leadership, and the oath of allegiance sworn to Ali. The document also lists hadiths, historical reports, and over 300 scholars who have narrated accounts of this event over 14 centuries.

2. A brief introduction to
GHADEER-E-KHUM incident
It is a presentation of Islamic Occasions
http://www.ezsoftech.com/islamic/

3. Scope
 Background of Ghadeer-e-Khum
– The urgent revelation
– Location of Ghadeer-e-Khum
– Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal
– When & in front of how many Muslims?
– What happened at Ghadeer-e-Khum
– Homage to Ali
– Contexts
 Quranic Exegesis (Tafsir):
 Prophetic Traditions (Hadith):
 Historical Reports (Tarikh):
– Narrators
– Further studies / References
– Questions

5. The urgent revelation

6. The urgent revelation
 On the return journey to Madina, the caravan passed
Ghadeer-e-Khum near Al-Johfa.
 The Holy Prophet (SAW) decided to encamp here.
 He (SAW) suddenly saw the signs of ‘WAHY’ (divine
revelation).
 The voice of Arch angel ‘Gibrael’ was heard by the Holy
Prophet (SWA) saying: Ayat No. 5:67.

8. Location of Ghadeer-e-Khum

9. Location of Ghadeer-e-Khum
 Ghadeer is on the way from Mecca to Madina.
 Ghadeer mean a small lake/pond in Arabic, named as Khum. So
this place is known as Ghadeer-e-Khum.
 The Holy Prophet(S.A.W) broke the journey at this lake, which is
located 3 miles away from Al-Johfa.
 He(S.A.W) halted at Ghadeer-e-Khum in midday.
 Which is a wayside tract of barren land with no shade other than
that provided by a few acacia trees.
 Significant aspect attached to Ghadeer, where all the routes of
the different caravans coming from various points of Arabia
normally parted.
 In the course of time, this pond dried up. All traces of water and
vegetation vanished. So the name Ghadeer is no longer in use.

11. Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal

12. Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal
 On hearing this urgent command, the Holy Prophet
(SAW) ordered the place around to be swept.
 He also ordered Hazrat Bilal ( the Muezzin – caller to
prayer ) to recite the ‘Azan’ – call to prayer with the
words:
 “Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal” meaning O people! Hasten
towards the best of deeds.

13. When & in front of how many
Muslims?

14. When & in front of how many
Muslims?
 It was the 18th
day of Zil Haj – the 10th
year after Hijra.
 In front of between 90,000 to 120,000 Muslims.
 Those who had gone ahead and those who were still
behind. Also those who had begun to depart in different
directions.
 All were recalled to this junction and instructed to
assemble in order to hear an important message.
 It was midday and the weather was exceedingly hot.

15. What happened at Ghadeer ?

16. What happened at Ghadeer ?
 A shade was arranged for the Holy Prophet (SAW).
 He (SAW) offered the noon prayers in ‘Jamaat’.
 Thereafter, He (SAW) delivered the sermon.
 Tabarani and others have recorded the following
tradition as related by Zayd ibn 'Arqam and transmitted
through sources unanimously acknowledged to be
reliable. Zayd says that the Messenger of Allah, Allah's
blessings and peace be upon him and his posterity,
delivered a sermon at Ghadeer-e-Khum under a cloth
spread as a canopy on two large trees. He said:

17.  The entire audience answered: "We shall bear witness that you did convey to
us the message of Allah, and tried your best to guide us on the right path and
always gave us good console. May Allah bless you with a good reward."
 The Holy Prophet proceeded: "Why do you not bear witness that there is no
god but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger, and that
Paradise is true, Hell is true, Death is true, Resurrection after death is true,
that the Day of Judgment will doubtlessly come and that Allah will raise to life
the dead from their graves?.“
 They said: "O Yes! We bear witness to all this."
 Then Holy Prophet said: “O Allah! You also may witness.“ ‘O my people! Allah
is my Mawla and I am mawla of the faithful and I have superior right on and
control over their lives. And this Ali is the mawla of all those of whom I am
mawla. O Allah! Love him who loves him and hate him who hates him."
 "O my people! I am going to be recalled shortly and I must comply. I shall be
interrogated and you also shall be interrogated. What will you say then?"

19. “O my Lord, be a friend of him who is a
friend of Ali, and be an enemy of one
who bears enmity to Ali, help him who
assists Ali and forsake him who will
forsake Ali.”

20.  He (SAW) further said: "O my people! I will precede you and you
also shall arrive at the pool of Kawthar. When you shall reach me I
shall interrogate you about your behavior towards the two in-
valuable assets (thaqalayn) after my death. The major asset is the
Book of Allah, the Mighty and Glorious, one end of which is in the
hand of Allah, the Exalted, and the other end of which in your
hands. Grasp it tightly and do not go astray and do not change or
amend it. The other asset is my Progeny, who are my Ahl al-Bayt.
Allah the Gracious and Omniscient has informed me that the two
will not part from each other before they reach me at the pool.
 When the ceremony was over, the Arch angel ‘Gibrael’ came and
brought Ayat No. 5:3.

21. “…Today have I perfected upon you your
religion and completed upon you My
blessings and approved for you Islam as
your religion...” (Al-Maeda/5:3)

22. Homage to Ali

23. Homage to Ali
 At this moment the Holy Prophet (SAW) pronounced Takbir (i.e.,
‘Allaho Akbar’) loudly and then added:
 “I thank Allah for having perfected His religion and for having
completed His favor and for having been pleased with the
mastership and succession of Ali after me.”
 Then He (SAW) stepped down from the platform and said to Ali:
 “Sit in a tent so that the chiefs and distinguished personalities of
Islam may swear oath of allegiance with you and congratulate
you”.

24. “Congratulations, O son of Abu Taleb,
You become Maula of all believers, men
and women.” (Umar Bin Al-Khattab)

25. Prophetic Tradition (Hadiths):

26. Prophetic Tradition (Hadiths):
 Imam Ahmad has recorded the tradition related by Bara' ibn 'Azib in his
Musnad, vol.4, p. 281, transmitted through two different sources. Bara'
says: "We were with the Messenger of Allah. We alighted at Ghadeer-e-
Khum. Congregational prayer was in order. An area under two trees
was swept and cleaned for the Messenger of Allah,(Allah's blessings
and peace be upon him and his posterity). He offered midday prayers
and he grasped the hand of 'Ali and said: 'Do you not know that I have
superior authority over the lives of the faithful than the faithful
themselves?' 'Yes you have,' they replied. He again inquired: 'Do you
not know that I have superior right to the life of every believer than the
believer himself?' 'Surely, you have,' they answered. Then he grasped
the hand of ‘Ali and said: 'Ali is the mawla of all those of whom I am
mawla. O Allah! Love him who loves him and hate him who hates him.'"
Bara' ibn 'Azib says: "Then 'Umar came to 'Ali and said: 'Congratulations
to you the son of Abu Talib. You have become the mawla (master) of all
the faithful men and women.'"

27. Historical reports (Tarikh):

28. Historical reports (Tarikh):
 Here we just like to mention one instance which took place in Kufa during the
khilafah of Imam Ali, 25 years after the Prophet's death.
 At Ali's insistence a large number of people gathered in the plain of Rahbah in
Kufah, he addressed them saying: "I administer an oath in the name of Allah
to all such Muslims as heard the Holy Prophet(SAW) making a proclamation
on the day of Ghadeer-e-Khum, to stand up and testify what they heard him
say. Only those who saw the Holy Prophet(SAW) that day with their own eyes
and heard the proclamation with their own ears should stand up." Thereupon,
thirty companions of the Holy Prophet(SAW), including twelve of those who
had participated in the battle of Badr, stood up and witnessed that the Holy
Prophet(SAW) grasped his (Ali's) hand and said to the audience: "Do you
know that I have a prior right to and superior authority over the souls (i.e.,
lives) of the faithful than the faithful themselves?" "O yes!" they said. The Holy
Prophet(SAW) then said: "He(Ali) is the mawla(i.e., has prior right to and
superior authority over the lives) of all those of whom I am mawla. O Allah,
love him who loves him (Ali) and hate him who hates him."

29.  It is logically impossible that thirty companions might have secretly
agreed to speak a unanimous lie. In addition to the thirty witnesses
there were other male companions whom enmity with Ali
prevented from standing up and giving their evidence as eye-
witnesses, like Anas ibn Malik.
 When Imam Ali said to Anas: "Why do you not stand up and testify
what you heard from the messenger of Allah on the day of
Ghadeer?" he answered, "O Amir al-Momineen! I have grown old
and do not remember." Thereupon Ali said: "May Allah mark you
with a white spot (of leprosy) unconcealable with your turban, if
you are intentionally withholding the truth." And before Anas got up
from his place he bore a large white spot on his face. Thereafter,
Anas used to say: "I am under the curse of a righteous slave of
Allah.

30.  Also bear in mind that this incident took place 25 years after the
event of Ghadeer-e-Khum, and during this period hundreds of
eyewitnesses had died naturally or in the battles fought during the
first two khulafah's rule. Add to this the fact that this incident took
place in Kufa which was far from the center of the sahabas,
Medina.
 This incident which took place in Kufa in the year 35 A.H. has itself
been narrated by four sahaba and 14 tabi'un and has been
recorded in most books of history and tradition.

31. Narrators:

32. Narrators:
 110 companions of the Holy Prophet(SAW)
 84 Successors (Tabiun)
 Over 360 scholars to the present day

33. Further studies/references:

34. Further studies/references:
 Al-Ghadeer fi al-kitab wa al-sunnah wa al-adab
– A book written in Arabic by Allamah 'Abd al-Husayn Ahmad
al-'Amini al-Najafi (d. 1390 AH). Where he gives with full
references the names of 110 sahaba of the Prophet and also
84 tabi'un (disciples of the sahaba) who have narrated the
hadith of Ghadeer. He has also chronologically given the
names of the historians, traditionists, exegetists and poets
who have mentioned the hadith of Ghadeer from the first until
the fourteenth Islamic century in 11 volumes .
 Abaqat al-Anwar
– A book written in Persian by Allama Sayyid Hamid Husayn
Musawi Lakhnawi (d. 1306 AH) of India. Allama Sayyid
Hamid Husayn has devoted two bulky volumes (consisting of
about 1,080 pages) on the isnad, tawatur and meaning of the
hadith of Ghadeer.

35. The Questions

36. The Questions
 What is the urgent revelation?
 Where is Ghadeer-e-Khum located?
 What is mean by Ghadeer-e-Khum?
 What is the significant aspect attached to Ghadeer-e-Khum?
 Who said: Hayya Ala Khair-il-Amal?
 When did this historic event happen?
 What is the order of the following?
 Who said: Whomsoever I am the master Ali is his master?
 Who said: Congratulations, O son of Abu Taleb, You
become Maula of all believers, men and women?
 How many people have narratted the Hadith of Ghadeer?

37. The End
Visit the following web sites for answers and more
information on the Ghadeer-e-Khum incident
http://www.ezsoftech.com/islamic/ghadir.asp
http://www.al-islam.org/ghadir/