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Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform specific functions. The main organelles described are the plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosome. Each organelle has a distinct form and function that helps the cell carry out vital processes like metabolism, transport of materials, and breakdown of waste.
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Presentation on Cell Organelles
Cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions to keep the cell alive. The nucleus houses genetic material and controls cell activities. Other organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes and vacuoles help produce proteins, package materials and provide energy for the cell.
Organelles and cytoplasm pp
The cytoplasm contains organelles and inclusions and is where most cellular activities occur. The cytoskeleton acts as the cell's structure and includes microtubules, filaments and microfilaments. Cilia, flagella and microvilli project from the cell membrane and have specific functions. Organelles such as mitochondria generate energy, the endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins, vesicles transport materials and the golgi apparatus packages proteins. The nucleus contains the nucleolus and chromosomal DNA and directs cell activities. Mitosis involves specific phases that result in two daughter cells each with the same genetic material.
Cell Ultrastructure
1. Cells are the fundamental units of life that grow, convert energy, sense their environment, and reproduce.
2. A cell contains various organelles that carry out specialized functions. It is enclosed by a plasma membrane and contains a nucleus and cytoplasm.
3. The nucleus contains genetic material and directs protein synthesis. Other organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes have specialized metabolic functions critical for cell survival and homeostasis.
Rizzo ch 3 ppt
The document summarizes the key components of eukaryotic cell structure and function. It discusses the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella, and plastids. It also provides a brief history of the cell theory and overview of protein synthesis in the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The document provides information about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is a network of tubules, vesicles and flattened sacs called cisternae found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. There are two main types - the rough ER with ribosomes on its surface that synthesizes proteins, and the smooth ER without ribosomes involved in functions like lipid metabolism. The ER forms transport vesicles to move synthesized proteins to the Golgi apparatus. It plays important roles in protein transport and synthesis, detoxification, lipid and steroid production, and calcium ion regulation in muscle cells.
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope consists of two nuclear membranes, the nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides structure to the nucleus. The nuclear lamina lies between the inner and outer nuclear membranes and is composed of intermediate filaments and associated proteins. Nuclear pore complexes are large protein structures that allow transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Cells
There are two main types of cells - eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. All cells contain organelles that perform specific functions, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and ribosomes. Cells can also specialize to form tissues, organs and organ systems that carry out vital functions in living organisms.
The nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope is a complex structure that envelops the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It consists of two nuclear membranes, an underlying nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, maintaining them as independent metabolic compartments. It also provides structural support to the nucleus. The nuclear membranes are composed of lipid bilayers perforated by nuclear pores that regulate exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear lamina lies beneath the inner nuclear membrane and provides structural stability. Nuclear pore complexes consist of many proteins that form channels for transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Recommended
Presentation on Cell Organelles
Cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions to keep the cell alive. The nucleus houses genetic material and controls cell activities. Other organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes and vacuoles help produce proteins, package materials and provide energy for the cell.
Organelles and cytoplasm pp
The cytoplasm contains organelles and inclusions and is where most cellular activities occur. The cytoskeleton acts as the cell's structure and includes microtubules, filaments and microfilaments. Cilia, flagella and microvilli project from the cell membrane and have specific functions. Organelles such as mitochondria generate energy, the endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins, vesicles transport materials and the golgi apparatus packages proteins. The nucleus contains the nucleolus and chromosomal DNA and directs cell activities. Mitosis involves specific phases that result in two daughter cells each with the same genetic material.
Cell Ultrastructure
1. Cells are the fundamental units of life that grow, convert energy, sense their environment, and reproduce.
2. A cell contains various organelles that carry out specialized functions. It is enclosed by a plasma membrane and contains a nucleus and cytoplasm.
3. The nucleus contains genetic material and directs protein synthesis. Other organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes have specialized metabolic functions critical for cell survival and homeostasis.
Rizzo ch 3 ppt
The document summarizes the key components of eukaryotic cell structure and function. It discusses the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella, and plastids. It also provides a brief history of the cell theory and overview of protein synthesis in the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The document provides information about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is a network of tubules, vesicles and flattened sacs called cisternae found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. There are two main types - the rough ER with ribosomes on its surface that synthesizes proteins, and the smooth ER without ribosomes involved in functions like lipid metabolism. The ER forms transport vesicles to move synthesized proteins to the Golgi apparatus. It plays important roles in protein transport and synthesis, detoxification, lipid and steroid production, and calcium ion regulation in muscle cells.
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope consists of two nuclear membranes, the nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides structure to the nucleus. The nuclear lamina lies between the inner and outer nuclear membranes and is composed of intermediate filaments and associated proteins. Nuclear pore complexes are large protein structures that allow transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Cells
There are two main types of cells - eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. All cells contain organelles that perform specific functions, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and ribosomes. Cells can also specialize to form tissues, organs and organ systems that carry out vital functions in living organisms.
The nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope is a complex structure that envelops the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It consists of two nuclear membranes, an underlying nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, maintaining them as independent metabolic compartments. It also provides structural support to the nucleus. The nuclear membranes are composed of lipid bilayers perforated by nuclear pores that regulate exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear lamina lies beneath the inner nuclear membrane and provides structural stability. Nuclear pore complexes consist of many proteins that form channels for transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Presentation on Nucleus
The document summarizes key parts and functions of the nucleus. The nucleus contains nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus. It is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope that contains pores allowing transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls all cell functions and carries hereditary material. It was discovered in 1831 and is present in all eukaryotic cells except mature red blood cells and phloem cells.
Nucleus
The document is a report submitted by Sami ur rehman to Dr. Mohammad Saeed on November 11, 2013 about the structure and function of the nucleus. It discusses the nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear components including nucleoplasm and RNA/protein complexes, nucleolus, organization of DNA in chromosomes, replication of DNA including semi-conservative replication and replication forks, enzymes involved in DNA replication, synthesis of Okazaki fragments, transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, different types of RNA, and RNA processing in eukaryotes including mRNA modification and intron removal.
nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane separated by the perinuclear space and punctuated by nuclear pore complexes. It encloses the nuclear DNA and separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nuclear lamina, composed of lamin proteins and membrane proteins, lies underneath the inner nuclear membrane and provides mechanical support. Nuclear pore complexes have an octagonal symmetry and allow regulated transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm through import and export signals and adapter proteins.
The nuclear membrane
The nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, is a double lipid bilayer that surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. It consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane, with the space between called the perinuclear space. The nuclear membrane functions to compartmentalize the nuclear material, maintain the shape and stability of the nucleus, regulate the transport of substances into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores, and facilitate communication between the nucleus and the cell.
Nucleus
The document discusses several key structures and functions of the cell including:
1. The nucleus contains heterochromatin and euchromatin, and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope and lamina. Lamin proteins make up the nuclear lamina.
2. Mitochondria have an outer and inner membrane, matrix, and DNA. They are thought to have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria.
3. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down materials through phagocytosis and autophagy.
4. Membranes form compartments and are made up of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. Transport across membranes can occur through diffusion, channels, carriers or active transport.
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This document provides an overview of the key topics that will be covered in a chapter about the cell, including ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella, centrosome, centrioles, nucleus, and microbodies. It describes the structure and functions of these various cellular components at a high level.
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The nuclear envelope consists of two parallel membranes separated by 10-50 nm. It serves as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear pores are circular complexes of proteins that form openings in the nuclear envelope, allowing transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope forms through the recruitment of membrane vesicles to chromatin, fusion of these vesicles, and assembly of nuclear pore complexes. Key proteins like POM121 and NDC1 are essential for nuclear pore complex assembly after the formation of the double nuclear membrane.
Nucleus
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that houses the cell's genetic material. It was first observed by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century and further described by Robert Brown in the 19th century. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope and contains chromatin fibers, nucleoplasm, and one or more nucleoli. It controls cell functions and stores the cell's genetic information in the form of DNA.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was discovered in 1831. It contains the cell's genetic material and plays a key role in functions like DNA replication and protein synthesis. The nucleus has a double membrane structure and contains chromatin with DNA and histone proteins, as well as the nucleolus where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes in the membrane.
Cell nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the cell's DNA and coordinates its activities. It contains chromatin, which packages DNA and proteins, the nucleolus for ribosome assembly, and a nuclear envelope consisting of two membranes separated by a perinuclear space. Chromatin exists in two forms - euchromatin which is loosely packed for gene expression, and heterochromatin which is tightly packed. The nucleus controls heredity and protein synthesis.
Nuclear membrane (Demonstrations)
The nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, is a double lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. It consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane separated by the perinuclear space. The nuclear membrane protects the DNA in the nucleus and regulates what passes between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pores.
Biology Lecture Slide Week 2
Cell structures include the cell wall, cell membrane, and organelles. The cell wall provides shape, support and prevents damage for plant and bacterial cells. The cell membrane is selectively permeable and uses the fluid mosaic model. Organelles include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, centrioles and vesicles. Molecules move into and out of cells through passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis or active transport powered by ATP. Endocytosis brings molecules into cells through phagocytosis or pinocytosis while exocytosis releases molecules from vesicles fusing with the cell membrane.
Nucleus structure and function
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Nucleus1
The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and controls metabolic and genetic activities. It is enclosed by a double nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that allow transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes. It varies in shape and size depending on the cell but is usually located in the center. The nucleus has an outer and inner membrane, nuclear lamina, nucleoplasm, chromatin fibers, and one or more nucleoli. The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates transport through nuclear pores.
2. cell structure and functions
The document discusses the structure and functions of cells. It describes the principal parts of a cell as the cell membrane, protoplasm and its organelles, and the nucleus. It provides details on the structures and roles of various organelles, including the mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. The document also reviews the differences between plant and animal cells, focusing on structures specific to plant cells like the cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.
Cell Structure
The document describes a journey through a cell, referred to as Cell Town, to learn about its major components and their functions. It explains that the nucleus is the cell's control center that contains DNA. The cytoplasm contains organelles like the mitochondria, which produces energy for the cell, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in manufacturing and transporting proteins. The lesson aims to provide an understanding of the structures and roles of key parts of the human cell.
Tour of the Cell
Cells can only be seen under a microscope as most are too small to see with the naked eye. Light microscopes use visible light while electron microscopes use electron beams, allowing for much higher magnifications. All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life. Cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions and the cytoskeleton provides structure and helps with movement. Plant and animal cells differ in some of their organelles like cell walls and chloroplasts. Cells communicate through channels and junctions between them.
mbbs ims msu
Cell structure and function can be summarized in 3 points:
1. All living things are made of cells, which are the basic functional units. Cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
2. Cells can be either prokaryotic (lacking organelles) or eukaryotic (containing organelles). Eukaryotic cells, which include plants and animals, have internal structures like a nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.
3. A typical animal cell is enclosed by a cell membrane and contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and ribosomes that allow the cell to carry out life functions like respiration, protein
B 1
The document summarizes cell structures and their functions, including organelles like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes. It describes how these structures work together through compartmentalization and transport of materials to carry out functions like respiration, photosynthesis, protein transport and modification, waste disposal, and more. Compartments like the ER, Golgi bodies and vesicles move proteins and other molecules through the cell and to their destinations, such as secretion from the cell.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm contains three main structural components: organelles, inclusions, and the cytoskeleton. Organelles include the plasma membrane, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), mitochondria, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, RER synthesizes membrane-bound proteins, mitochondria generate ATP, and lysosomes digest materials. The cytoskeleton includes microtubules and provides structure, transport, and cell motility.
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The document summarizes key parts and functions of the nucleus. The nucleus contains nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus. It is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope that contains pores allowing transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus controls all cell functions and carries hereditary material. It was discovered in 1831 and is present in all eukaryotic cells except mature red blood cells and phloem cells.
Nucleus
The document is a report submitted by Sami ur rehman to Dr. Mohammad Saeed on November 11, 2013 about the structure and function of the nucleus. It discusses the nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear components including nucleoplasm and RNA/protein complexes, nucleolus, organization of DNA in chromosomes, replication of DNA including semi-conservative replication and replication forks, enzymes involved in DNA replication, synthesis of Okazaki fragments, transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, different types of RNA, and RNA processing in eukaryotes including mRNA modification and intron removal.
nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane separated by the perinuclear space and punctuated by nuclear pore complexes. It encloses the nuclear DNA and separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nuclear lamina, composed of lamin proteins and membrane proteins, lies underneath the inner nuclear membrane and provides mechanical support. Nuclear pore complexes have an octagonal symmetry and allow regulated transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm through import and export signals and adapter proteins.
The nuclear membrane
The nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, is a double lipid bilayer that surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. It consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane, with the space between called the perinuclear space. The nuclear membrane functions to compartmentalize the nuclear material, maintain the shape and stability of the nucleus, regulate the transport of substances into and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores, and facilitate communication between the nucleus and the cell.
Nucleus
The document discusses several key structures and functions of the cell including:
1. The nucleus contains heterochromatin and euchromatin, and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope and lamina. Lamin proteins make up the nuclear lamina.
2. Mitochondria have an outer and inner membrane, matrix, and DNA. They are thought to have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria.
3. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down materials through phagocytosis and autophagy.
4. Membranes form compartments and are made up of phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol. Transport across membranes can occur through diffusion, channels, carriers or active transport.
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This document provides an overview of the key topics that will be covered in a chapter about the cell, including ribosomes, cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella, centrosome, centrioles, nucleus, and microbodies. It describes the structure and functions of these various cellular components at a high level.
Eukaryotic nucleus
Introduction to nucleus
Discovery of nucleus
Structure of nucleus
What is chromatin
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina
The nuclear envelope consists of two parallel membranes separated by 10-50 nm. It serves as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nuclear pores are circular complexes of proteins that form openings in the nuclear envelope, allowing transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear envelope forms through the recruitment of membrane vesicles to chromatin, fusion of these vesicles, and assembly of nuclear pore complexes. Key proteins like POM121 and NDC1 are essential for nuclear pore complex assembly after the formation of the double nuclear membrane.
Nucleus
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that houses the cell's genetic material. It was first observed by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century and further described by Robert Brown in the 19th century. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope and contains chromatin fibers, nucleoplasm, and one or more nucleoli. It controls cell functions and stores the cell's genetic information in the form of DNA.
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that was discovered in 1831. It contains the cell's genetic material and plays a key role in functions like DNA replication and protein synthesis. The nucleus has a double membrane structure and contains chromatin with DNA and histone proteins, as well as the nucleolus where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Transport of molecules into and out of the nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes in the membrane.
Cell nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the cell's DNA and coordinates its activities. It contains chromatin, which packages DNA and proteins, the nucleolus for ribosome assembly, and a nuclear envelope consisting of two membranes separated by a perinuclear space. Chromatin exists in two forms - euchromatin which is loosely packed for gene expression, and heterochromatin which is tightly packed. The nucleus controls heredity and protein synthesis.
Nuclear membrane (Demonstrations)
The nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, is a double lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells. It consists of an inner and outer nuclear membrane separated by the perinuclear space. The nuclear membrane protects the DNA in the nucleus and regulates what passes between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pores.
Biology Lecture Slide Week 2
Cell structures include the cell wall, cell membrane, and organelles. The cell wall provides shape, support and prevents damage for plant and bacterial cells. The cell membrane is selectively permeable and uses the fluid mosaic model. Organelles include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, centrioles and vesicles. Molecules move into and out of cells through passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis or active transport powered by ATP. Endocytosis brings molecules into cells through phagocytosis or pinocytosis while exocytosis releases molecules from vesicles fusing with the cell membrane.
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The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains DNA and controls metabolic and genetic activities. It is enclosed by a double nuclear membrane with nuclear pores that allow transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA, RNA, proteins, and enzymes. It varies in shape and size depending on the cell but is usually located in the center. The nucleus has an outer and inner membrane, nuclear lamina, nucleoplasm, chromatin fibers, and one or more nucleoli. The nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates transport through nuclear pores.
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2. cell structure and functions
The document discusses the structure and functions of cells. It describes the principal parts of a cell as the cell membrane, protoplasm and its organelles, and the nucleus. It provides details on the structures and roles of various organelles, including the mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vacuoles, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. The document also reviews the differences between plant and animal cells, focusing on structures specific to plant cells like the cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.
Cell Structure
The document describes a journey through a cell, referred to as Cell Town, to learn about its major components and their functions. It explains that the nucleus is the cell's control center that contains DNA. The cytoplasm contains organelles like the mitochondria, which produces energy for the cell, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in manufacturing and transporting proteins. The lesson aims to provide an understanding of the structures and roles of key parts of the human cell.
Tour of the Cell
Cells can only be seen under a microscope as most are too small to see with the naked eye. Light microscopes use visible light while electron microscopes use electron beams, allowing for much higher magnifications. All living things are composed of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life. Cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions and the cytoskeleton provides structure and helps with movement. Plant and animal cells differ in some of their organelles like cell walls and chloroplasts. Cells communicate through channels and junctions between them.
mbbs ims msu
Cell structure and function can be summarized in 3 points:
1. All living things are made of cells, which are the basic functional units. Cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
2. Cells can be either prokaryotic (lacking organelles) or eukaryotic (containing organelles). Eukaryotic cells, which include plants and animals, have internal structures like a nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.
3. A typical animal cell is enclosed by a cell membrane and contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and ribosomes that allow the cell to carry out life functions like respiration, protein
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The document summarizes cell structures and their functions, including organelles like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes. It describes how these structures work together through compartmentalization and transport of materials to carry out functions like respiration, photosynthesis, protein transport and modification, waste disposal, and more. Compartments like the ER, Golgi bodies and vesicles move proteins and other molecules through the cell and to their destinations, such as secretion from the cell.
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The document discusses the structure and function of cells and their organelles. It defines cells as the fundamental unit of life and notes they have two main parts: functional regions and organelles. The functional regions discussed are the plasma membrane, cell wall, and nucleus. The plasma membrane regulates movement of molecules in and out of the cell. The cell wall provides structural strength in plant, fungi, and bacteria cells. The nucleus houses genetic material and controls cell activities. Various cell organelles like mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles are also summarized in terms of their structure and roles in cellular processes.
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This document provides information about the structures and functions of organelles found in typical animal and plant cells. It describes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, ribosomes, and centrioles. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and directs protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins and lipids. The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins. Mitochondria generate energy. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. Ribosomes assemble proteins. Centrioles form the spindle during cell division. The document also provides diagrams and descriptions of the structures of these organelles.
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The document provides information on cell structure and various cell organelles. It discusses the nucleus, noting its spherical shape and presence of nuclear pores that control movement between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The endoplasmic reticulum is described as a network of membranes involved in synthesis, storage and transport. The Golgi complex packages and modifies proteins and lipids. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are involved in digestion and detoxification, while mitochondria produce energy through ATP synthesis and have a role in apoptosis.
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The document provides information about the structures and organelles found within eukaryotic cells. It describes the nucleus as the central organelle that controls cellular functions and contains DNA and genes. Other organelles discussed include the plasma membrane, cell wall, chromatin, nucleolus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, microtubules, microfilaments, cilia, and flagella. Each organelle's structure and function is defined in one to two sentences.
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Robert Hooke discovered cells in 1665 when examining a slice of cork under his microscope. He saw that cork had a honeycomb-like structure consisting of many small compartments, which were later termed cells. All organisms are made of cells, with some being single-celled and others multicellular. Cells have a plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and various organelles that allow them to carry out functions necessary for life. The basic components and structures of cells were described.
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The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that forms an interconnected network within eukaryotic cells. It has two main types - the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis and transport, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which functions in lipid and steroid synthesis as well as calcium regulation. The endoplasmic reticulum facilitates protein folding, transports synthesized proteins, and inserts proteins into its membrane through processes like glycosylation and disulfide bond formation.
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The document summarizes key organelles and structures found within eukaryotic cells, including:
1) The cytosol is the jelly-like material within the cell cytoplasm with dissolved substances like amino acids.
2) The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell. Inside is the nucleolus which makes ribosomes.
3) Mitochondria convert food into ATP for energy in most eukaryotic cells, with more in muscle cells. They have inner and outer membranes.
4) The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids, with ribosomes on the rough ER and no ribosomes on the smooth ER.
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Power pointcellfunction
- 2. Examples of organelles: What are Plasma membrane organelles? Nucleus Organelles are Ribosomes specialized structures Rough endoplasmic reticulum within a cell that perform specific Smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions. Golgi apparatus Lysosome
- 4. Plasma Membrane o Form: Semi-permeable membrane Encases the outside of the cell o Function: Regulation of substances moving in and out of the cell o Analogy: Chain-link fence
- 5. Nucleus
- 6. Nucleus o Form: Enclosed by a nuclear envelope containing pores o Function: “the control center” holds DNA and RNA Relays messages about cell processes o Analogy: City Hall
- 7. Ribosomes
- 8. Ribosomes o Form: Made of protein Composed of two subunits Located in the cytoplasm and Endoplasmic Reticulum o Function: Reads tRNA, then assembles proteins o Analogy: A factory
- 10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum o Form: Network of membranes found throughout the cell Contains ribosomes o Function: Works with ribosomes, RNA, mRNA, and tRNA Packages and ships proteins o Analogy: A moving company
- 12. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum o Form: Network of membranes found throughout the cell Does NOT contain ribosomes o Function: Creates and stores lipids Stores ions o Analogy: Storage tank
- 13. Golgi apparatus
- 14. Golgi apparatus o Form: Layers of membranes (shaped like stacks of pancakes) Can contain ribosomes o Function: Changes simple molecules into complex molecules Packages molecules into secretory vesicles for exocytosis Builds lysosomes o Analogy: A trucking company
- 15. Lysosome
- 16. Lysosome o Form: Created by the Golgi apparatus Vesicle that contains enzymes Location: floating in the cytoplasm o Function: Breaks down complex molecules to reuse as food o Analogy: Recycling center
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