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This document discusses population ecology and factors that influence population growth. It defines a population as a group of the same species that occupy the same area, rely on the same resources, and are influenced by the same factors. Population growth can follow exponential or logistic models. The logistic model includes a carrying capacity that limits growth due to factors like competition, disease, predation, climate, and natural disasters. These biotic and abiotic factors act as limiting factors that control population size.
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Scientists describe population growth using models like exponential and logistic growth. Exponential growth assumes unlimited resources leading to rapid growth, while logistic growth incorporates limiting factors that slow growth as the population approaches the carrying capacity. Population size is regulated by biotic factors like competition for resources, disease, predation, and physiological stress at high densities, as well as abiotic factors such as climate, weather, and natural disasters. No population perfectly fits either the exponential or logistic growth models due to the complex interplay of these limiting factors.
Ch. 19.1 notes: Populations
A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. Factors that affect the size of a population include competition for limited resources, temperature, diseases, predators, natural disasters, and the availability of food, water, shelter, and mates. The carrying capacity is the largest population size an environment can sustainably support and is determined by limiting factors like these. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity, its size will decline back down.
Ch. 19.1 notes: Populations
A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. Factors that affect the size of a population include competition for limited resources, temperature, diseases, predators, natural disasters, and the availability of food, water, shelter, and mates. The carrying capacity is the largest population size an environment can sustainably support and is determined by limiting factors like these. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity, it is considered overpopulated.
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A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. Factors that affect the size of a population include competition for limited resources, temperature, diseases, predators, natural disasters, and the availability of food, water, shelter, and mates. The carrying capacity is the largest population size an environment can sustainably support and is determined by limiting factors like these. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity, its size will decline back down.
Ch. 19.1 notes: Populations
A population is defined as a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. Factors that affect the size of a population include competition for limited resources, temperature, diseases, predators, natural disasters, and the availability of food, water, shelter, and mates. The carrying capacity is the largest population size an environment can sustainably support and is determined by limiting factors like these. When a population exceeds the carrying capacity, it is considered overpopulated.
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- The three key features of populations are size, density, and dispersion. Population size is measured by the number of individuals, density measures the number of individuals per unit area, and dispersion describes how individuals are spaced relative to each other.
- Population growth is determined by birth rate and death rate. Many factors can influence population growth rates including limiting factors, carrying capacity, and life history patterns that influence reproduction and parental care.
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A rapid increase in the per capita output of both food and manufactured goods.Many social scientists view this increase as a result of the industrial revolution.
The great advances of science and technology.
The world began supporting larger populations at a higher standard of living than ever before.
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Explain intersectionality:
Lesbian Activism and Sexual Politics:
African American Women’s Influence:
Latinx Activism and Influence:
Asian American Women’s Influence:
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Native American Women’s Influence:
Women’s Influence in the Disability Rights Movement:
By the 1970s and 1980s, how inclusive was the women’s movement and how effectively
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path to equality?
What were the most severe obstacles blocking women’s path toward equality in the late
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What were the most significant accomplishments women achieved in the struggle for
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branex/iStock/Getty Images Plus
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• Compare and contrast modern, industrialized agriculture with traditional agriculture.
• Explain what constitutes healthy soil and how it affects plant life.
• Describe the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment.
• Describe the impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment.
• Describe the ways industrialized agriculture is dependent on water and fossil fuels.
• Analyze how animal production and concentrated animal feeding operations create
environmental problems.
• Describe how sustainable farming strategies differ from unsustainable ones.
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• Outline some high-tech, sustainable farming techniques.
• Describe the arguments for and against genetically modified organisms.
© 2020 Zovio, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
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Section 4.1 The Origins and History of Agriculture
In October 2018 the scientific journal Nature published a major research report that pre-
sented a troubling picture of the future of food, agriculture, and the environment (Spring-
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Europe, and Australia—argue that, based on current trends, we will see an increase of 50% to
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1 Intersectionality Activity Guide Broadening th
1
Intersectionality Activity Guide:
Broadening the focus of feminism. Explain how specific populations of women
challenged white, middle class feminists to address Intersectionality (the ways in which
a person’s multiple identities interconnect to impact a person’s experience as well as
how institutions and systems influence power and privilege based upon multiple
identities).
Use the Week 16 Module Resources and Chapters 11 and 12 of Through Women’s Eyes,
to complete the following guide. The guide is intended to help focus on key concepts
and will not be submitted. It also duplicates many of the questions in the Chapter 11
Reading Guide.
Explain intersectionality:
Lesbian Activism and Sexual Politics:
African American Women’s Influence:
Latinx Activism and Influence:
Asian American Women’s Influence:
2
Native American Women’s Influence:
Women’s Influence in the Disability Rights Movement:
By the 1970s and 1980s, how inclusive was the women’s movement and how effectively
did it address the multidimensional nature of women’s inequality and obstacles in the
path to equality?
What were the most severe obstacles blocking women’s path toward equality in the late
twentieth- and early twenty-first-centuries?
What were the most significant accomplishments women achieved in the struggle for
equality in the late twentieth- and early twenty-first centuries?
4 Sustaining Our Agricultural Resources
branex/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
• Describe the origins and history of agriculture.
• Compare and contrast modern, industrialized agriculture with traditional agriculture.
• Explain what constitutes healthy soil and how it affects plant life.
• Describe the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment.
• Describe the impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment.
• Describe the ways industrialized agriculture is dependent on water and fossil fuels.
• Analyze how animal production and concentrated animal feeding operations create
environmental problems.
• Describe how sustainable farming strategies differ from unsustainable ones.
• Evaluate the choices you can make to promote sustainable agriculture practices.
• Outline some high-tech, sustainable farming techniques.
• Describe the arguments for and against genetically modified organisms.
© 2020 Zovio, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
100
Section 4.1 The Origins and History of Agriculture
In October 2018 the scientific journal Nature published a major research report that pre-
sented a troubling picture of the future of food, agriculture, and the environment (Spring-
mann et al., 2018). The authors of the report—including scientists from the United States,
Europe, and Australia—argue that, based on current trends, we will see an increase of 50% to
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The great advances of science and technology.
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Unequal population GrowthIn the late 19th century many of the less developed countries began to experience some of the benefits of modern science, industry, and transportation. This however, lowered their death rate, causing a surge in population growth much more substantial than in the U.S., Canada, or Europe. Often the increase in population in these areas occurred at the expense of standards of living.
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- Organisms have different life history strategies. R-strategists reproduce rapidly when conditions allow, while K-strategists have slower growth near an environment's carrying capacity.
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1) It provides the current human population on Earth and in the US according to the US Census Bureau.
2) It discusses the factors that influence population growth rates, including biotic potential, environmental resistance, carrying capacity, and boom-bust cycles in populations.
3) It notes that human population growth has followed an exponential pattern over history. The rapid growth is influenced by increased food availability but may outpace resources according to 18th century economist Thomas Malthus.
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Intersectionality Activity Guide:
Broadening the focus of feminism. Explain how specific populations of women
challenged white, middle class feminists to address Intersectionality (the ways in which
a person’s multiple identities interconnect to impact a person’s experience as well as
how institutions and systems influence power and privilege based upon multiple
identities).
Use the Week 16 Module Resources and Chapters 11 and 12 of Through Women’s Eyes,
to complete the following guide. The guide is intended to help focus on key concepts
and will not be submitted. It also duplicates many of the questions in the Chapter 11
Reading Guide.
Explain intersectionality:
Lesbian Activism and Sexual Politics:
African American Women’s Influence:
Latinx Activism and Influence:
Asian American Women’s Influence:
2
Native American Women’s Influence:
Women’s Influence in the Disability Rights Movement:
By the 1970s and 1980s, how inclusive was the women’s movement and how effectively
did it address the multidimensional nature of women’s inequality and obstacles in the
path to equality?
What were the most severe obstacles blocking women’s path toward equality in the late
twentieth- and early twenty-first-centuries?
What were the most significant accomplishments women achieved in the struggle for
equality in the late twentieth- and early twenty-first centuries?
4 Sustaining Our Agricultural Resources
branex/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
• Describe the origins and history of agriculture.
• Compare and contrast modern, industrialized agriculture with traditional agriculture.
• Explain what constitutes healthy soil and how it affects plant life.
• Describe the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment.
• Describe the impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment.
• Describe the ways industrialized agriculture is dependent on water and fossil fuels.
• Analyze how animal production and concentrated animal feeding operations create
environmental problems.
• Describe how sustainable farming strategies differ from unsustainable ones.
• Evaluate the choices you can make to promote sustainable agriculture practices.
• Outline some high-tech, sustainable farming techniques.
• Describe the arguments for and against genetically modified organisms.
© 2020 Zovio, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
100
Section 4.1 The Origins and History of Agriculture
In October 2018 the scientific journal Nature published a major research report that pre-
sented a troubling picture of the future of food, agriculture, and the environment (Spring-
mann et al., 2018). The authors of the report—including scientists from the United States,
Europe, and Australia—argue that, based on current trends, we will see an increase of 50% to
90% in the negative environmental impacts of food pr ...
1 Intersectionality Activity Guide Broadening th
1
Intersectionality Activity Guide:
Broadening the focus of feminism. Explain how specific populations of women
challenged white, middle class feminists to address Intersectionality (the ways in which
a person’s multiple identities interconnect to impact a person’s experience as well as
how institutions and systems influence power and privilege based upon multiple
identities).
Use the Week 16 Module Resources and Chapters 11 and 12 of Through Women’s Eyes,
to complete the following guide. The guide is intended to help focus on key concepts
and will not be submitted. It also duplicates many of the questions in the Chapter 11
Reading Guide.
Explain intersectionality:
Lesbian Activism and Sexual Politics:
African American Women’s Influence:
Latinx Activism and Influence:
Asian American Women’s Influence:
2
Native American Women’s Influence:
Women’s Influence in the Disability Rights Movement:
By the 1970s and 1980s, how inclusive was the women’s movement and how effectively
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path to equality?
What were the most severe obstacles blocking women’s path toward equality in the late
twentieth- and early twenty-first-centuries?
What were the most significant accomplishments women achieved in the struggle for
equality in the late twentieth- and early twenty-first centuries?
4 Sustaining Our Agricultural Resources
branex/iStock/Getty Images Plus
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
• Describe the origins and history of agriculture.
• Compare and contrast modern, industrialized agriculture with traditional agriculture.
• Explain what constitutes healthy soil and how it affects plant life.
• Describe the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment.
• Describe the impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment.
• Describe the ways industrialized agriculture is dependent on water and fossil fuels.
• Analyze how animal production and concentrated animal feeding operations create
environmental problems.
• Describe how sustainable farming strategies differ from unsustainable ones.
• Evaluate the choices you can make to promote sustainable agriculture practices.
• Outline some high-tech, sustainable farming techniques.
• Describe the arguments for and against genetically modified organisms.
© 2020 Zovio, Inc. All rights reserved. Not for resale or redistribution.
100
Section 4.1 The Origins and History of Agriculture
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sented a troubling picture of the future of food, agriculture, and the environment (Spring-
mann et al., 2018). The authors of the report—including scientists from the United States,
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90% in the negative environmental impacts of food pr ...
Lession 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of key concepts in environmental science, including:
1) The interrelated nature of environmental factors and how changes can impact ecosystems.
2) How population growth contributes to environmental issues by increasing resource usage and degrading habitats.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in population ecology. It discusses how populations are characterized by factors like range, dispersion, and density. Population size is determined by birth and death rates, which are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Populations can grow exponentially without constraints but typically experience logistic growth limited by carrying capacity. Life history strategies like r-selected and K-selected influence patterns of reproduction and survivorship. Introduced invasive species sometimes grow rapidly without native controls.
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Nscu 302 wk 6 1
This document discusses ecosystems and population change. It defines key terms like ecology, ecotones, ecological niche, biotic potential, and carrying capacity. It explains how populations can be limited by factors within ecosystems, including competition for resources. Examples are given of rabbit overpopulation in Australia disrupting the ecosystem. The roles of biotic and abiotic factors in determining population sizes and ecosystem stability are also summarized.
Chapter 5 notes
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Poulations.ppt
- 1. What is a Population? Population Ecology - The study of changes in population size and the factors that regulate it. Population - group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area 1. Rely on same resources 2. Influenced by the same biotic and abiotic factors 3. High likelihood of interbreeding
- 2. How do scientists describe population growth? Let’s look at population growth of bacteria starting from a single bacterium - binary fission every 20 minutes under ideal conditions Q: How many will there be after 36 hours?
- 3. How do scientists describe population growth? Let’s look at population growth of bacteria starting from a single bacterium - binary fission every 20 minutes under ideal conditions Graph it: Q: How many will there be after 36 hours? A: 2108 (enough to cover the planet one foot deep) 2n Where n = # of divisions
- 4. How do scientists describe population growth? 1. Exponential Growth Model (J-shaped curve) Unlimited resources Absence of predation No disease So why is Earth not covered in bacteria?
- 5. How do scientists describe population growth? Ex. Fur seals on St. Paul Island 1. Uncontrolled hunting until 1925 2. Population jumped until 1935 - Almost exponential 3. Population stabilized - Some hunting - limited breeding grounds
- 6. How do scientists describe population growth? 3. Logistic Growth Model (S - shaped curve) Q: How does the logistic model differ from the exponential model?
- 7. How do scientists describe population growth? Carrying capacity (K) - The max. population the environment can support. Determined by: The species itself and the environment (resources available, predation, etc…)
- 8. How do scientists describe population growth? When is growth rate the lowest? When is it the highest? What factors would cause a population to stop growing? 1. When population is small or large 1. Population at intermediate level relative to carrying capacity. 3. Logistic Growth Model
- 9. What is a limiting Factor? 2. Population limiting factors - environmental factors that restrict population growth There are many factors that limit a population from getting to large. - Competition for food or space. - Disease - Predation - Stress levels - Climate/ weather - Major disasters (freak events)
- 10. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Population limiting factors 1. Biotic factors a. Competition among members (intraspecific) Song Sparrow Population Experiment (small island in British Columbia) Fig. 35.4A - add food - Clutch size increased - food supply, water, space, energy (oil), mates, etc…
- 11. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Population limiting factors 1. Biotic factors a. Competition among members (intraspecific) i. food supply ii. space (territory) A. Dispersion patterns 1. clumped 2. uniform 3. random
- 12. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Dispersion patterns
- 13. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Population limiting factors 1. Biotic factors b. Health - increased spread of disease with increased pop. density - accumulation of waste
- 14. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Population limiting factors 1. Biotic factors c. Predation Fig. 35.5 “boom-and-bust” cycles As the hare population increases, so does the Lynx population, which will cause the hare population to decrease and in turn the lynx population decreases, etc…
- 15. What is happening to the moose and wolf populations? • Red is moose • Blue is wolves • 1955 to 1995
- 16. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Population limiting factors 1. Biotic factors d. Physiological factors White-footed mouse experiment 1. Enclose in a small field 2. Reproduce quickly to 30 or 40 3. Reproduction declines and pop. stabilizes around 40 4. Add more food and water - no change RESULT: high population induces stress syndrome (hormonal changes) - sexual maturity delayed, reproductive organs shrink, depressed immune system
- 17. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Population limiting factors 2. Abiotic factors a. Climate and weather Ex. Aphids - insects that feed on phloem sap of plants 1. Exponential growth in spring 2. Rapid die out in hot, dry summer 3. A few individuals survive and reproduce when conditions improve Fig. 35.4B
- 18. What are some of the factors that limit population growth? Population limiting factors 2. Abiotic factors b. Fire, flood, etc…
- 19. Agriculture begins Plowing and irrigation Bubonic plague Industrial Revolution begins Section 5-3 Human Population Growth Human population growth Is there a Carrying Capacity for Homo sapiens?