The document discusses the paper forming process and focuses on the five zones of the forming table: entry phase, forming zone, dewatering zone, transition zone, and consolidation zone. It describes how each area impacts fiber mat formation and the development of the mat as it moves through the machine. Key aspects covered include the headbox, slice, forming board, table rolls, foils, dewatering equipment, and maintaining the proper activity level in each zone to develop the mat and remove water effectively.
Crescentformer general process. tissue machine VoithNelson Izaguirre
CRESCENT FORMER
The Crescent Former is the culmination of technological improvements derived from our experience in the manufacturing of four machines since the 1960s (Plain Wire; Sloped Wire; Twin Wire C-Former; and Twin Wire S-Former). The first Crescent Former was invented in the 1970s by the multinational Kimberly Clark which held the patent until the Nineties.
Our technological innovations and more than 50 years of experience in the field of tissue ensure the highest levels of performance from the Recard Crescent Former.
Each Recard Crescent Former is designed to optimize the real operating speed of your production line. We have achieved performance of over 2000 meters per minute.
Suggestive Improvements in Yankee Internal DesignDevesh Singhal
The object of this presentation is to indicate possible improvements by which condensate removal efficiency of yankee cylinder (MG cylinder, as commonly called in India) can be improved.
The Bel-Champ dryer section patented by Beloit in the 1990s aimed to reduce drying shrinkage, especially at web edges, but was unable to reduce edge shrinkage significantly. As a result, the Bel-Champ design produces a very high shrinkage gradient at web edges compared to other dryer designs. This high shrinkage gradient causes problems like cockling, curling, wrinkling and increased broke that negatively impact runnability and paper quality. Additionally, the Bel-Champ requires high web and fabric temperatures that reduce drying efficiency and paper strength properties while increasing stickies problems.
The document provides an overview of modern papermaking processes. It covers various paper and board grades, their compositions, and the properties contributed by different fiber types. The papermaking process is described, including stock preparation, forming, pressing, drying, and finishing. Recovered fiber usage and deinking processes are also discussed. Key factors that influence paper quality such as fiber length and type are explained.
The document describes the process of paper production, including:
1) Wood fibers are the main raw material and are unlocked from surrounding tissue through mechanical or chemical processes to produce pulp.
2) The pulp is refined, additives are mixed in, and the slurry is formed into a continuous web on a paper machine where water is removed through several sections.
3) Key factors that determine paper properties are fiber length and orientation, degree of refining, and additives used. The paper making process produces a fiber-oriented sheet with different characteristics on each side.
Dryer Condensing Loads Following Sheet BreaksKadant Inc.
Tests were conducted at the Kadant Johnson Research Center in Three Rivers, Michigan USA to directly measure the rate of condensate evacuation from dryers with different control strategies in response to a sheet break and recovery.
Flocculation and formation in papermaking jan 2018Pekka Komulainen
This document discusses fiber flocculation and its impact on paper formation. It provides information on:
1) How fiber flocs form in the approach flow and headbox but are broken apart on the wire, and how the extent of flocculation affects paper formation.
2) Variables that increase or decrease flocculation such as fiber properties, fluid properties, and process conditions.
3) How formation is measured and its effects on paper properties like printing quality and strength.
4) Technologies to improve formation like inclined wire forming, headbox designs, and on-wire processes like shaking.
Crescentformer general process. tissue machine VoithNelson Izaguirre
CRESCENT FORMER
The Crescent Former is the culmination of technological improvements derived from our experience in the manufacturing of four machines since the 1960s (Plain Wire; Sloped Wire; Twin Wire C-Former; and Twin Wire S-Former). The first Crescent Former was invented in the 1970s by the multinational Kimberly Clark which held the patent until the Nineties.
Our technological innovations and more than 50 years of experience in the field of tissue ensure the highest levels of performance from the Recard Crescent Former.
Each Recard Crescent Former is designed to optimize the real operating speed of your production line. We have achieved performance of over 2000 meters per minute.
Suggestive Improvements in Yankee Internal DesignDevesh Singhal
The object of this presentation is to indicate possible improvements by which condensate removal efficiency of yankee cylinder (MG cylinder, as commonly called in India) can be improved.
The Bel-Champ dryer section patented by Beloit in the 1990s aimed to reduce drying shrinkage, especially at web edges, but was unable to reduce edge shrinkage significantly. As a result, the Bel-Champ design produces a very high shrinkage gradient at web edges compared to other dryer designs. This high shrinkage gradient causes problems like cockling, curling, wrinkling and increased broke that negatively impact runnability and paper quality. Additionally, the Bel-Champ requires high web and fabric temperatures that reduce drying efficiency and paper strength properties while increasing stickies problems.
The document provides an overview of modern papermaking processes. It covers various paper and board grades, their compositions, and the properties contributed by different fiber types. The papermaking process is described, including stock preparation, forming, pressing, drying, and finishing. Recovered fiber usage and deinking processes are also discussed. Key factors that influence paper quality such as fiber length and type are explained.
The document describes the process of paper production, including:
1) Wood fibers are the main raw material and are unlocked from surrounding tissue through mechanical or chemical processes to produce pulp.
2) The pulp is refined, additives are mixed in, and the slurry is formed into a continuous web on a paper machine where water is removed through several sections.
3) Key factors that determine paper properties are fiber length and orientation, degree of refining, and additives used. The paper making process produces a fiber-oriented sheet with different characteristics on each side.
Dryer Condensing Loads Following Sheet BreaksKadant Inc.
Tests were conducted at the Kadant Johnson Research Center in Three Rivers, Michigan USA to directly measure the rate of condensate evacuation from dryers with different control strategies in response to a sheet break and recovery.
Flocculation and formation in papermaking jan 2018Pekka Komulainen
This document discusses fiber flocculation and its impact on paper formation. It provides information on:
1) How fiber flocs form in the approach flow and headbox but are broken apart on the wire, and how the extent of flocculation affects paper formation.
2) Variables that increase or decrease flocculation such as fiber properties, fluid properties, and process conditions.
3) How formation is measured and its effects on paper properties like printing quality and strength.
4) Technologies to improve formation like inclined wire forming, headbox designs, and on-wire processes like shaking.
Benefits of online porosity measurement feb 2018Pekka Komulainen
Online porosity measurement provides a way to optimize papermaking processes and ensure consistent paper quality. Porosity is influenced by many process parameters from stock preparation to the drying section. Maintaining a constant porosity indicates that the papermaking process is performing well and producing paper with consistent physical properties. While online and laboratory porosity measurements can differ due to factors like web speed and dwell time, monitoring porosity online allows the identification of quality issues and process deviations.
Drying training Equipment Operation and control Nelson Izaguirre
No manufactured product plays a more significant role in every area of human activity than
paper and paper products. Its importance in everyday life is obvious from its use in
recording, storage and dissemination of information. Virtually all writing and printing is
done on paper. It is the most widely used wrapping and packaging material, and is
important for structural applications. The uses and applications for pulp and paper
products are virtually limitless. Apart from the products and services that it provides, the
paper and pulp industry is one of the major manufacturing industries in the world
providing employment for vast number of people and contribute to national economy.
The paper making process is essentially a very large dewatering operation where a diluted
solution of pulp suspension with less than 0.5% fibre solid is used. The major sections of a
paper machine consist of: forming section, press section and dryer section. In the forming
section, the fibres present in the diluted pulp and water slurry form paper web through
drainage by gravity and applied suction below the forming fabric. In the press section
additional water in removed by mechanical pressure applied through the nips of a series of
presses or rotating rolls and the wet web is consolidated in this section. Most of the
remaining water is evaporated and inter-fibre binding developed as the paper contacts a
series of steam heated cylinder in the dryer section. Water removal from the wet web to the
final moisture level between 6% and 7% is a critical step of papermaking. Majority of the
functional properties of paper are developed in this section.
In spite of its key role in papermaking, large equipment size, and large capital and operating
costs, drying is arguably the least understood papermaking operation. Books on
papermaking technology generally devote fewer pages to drying than other papermaking
operations such as forming, pressing or calendaring. A similar situation is found in
papermaking courses, in which drying occupies a shorter time than the proportion of space
it takes in a paper machine. Furthermore, a large portion of that time is devoted to the
description of the equipment by its suppliers rather than to its operation by the
papermakers.
Thermocompressors use high-pressure steam to raise the pressure of low-pressure steam for use in dryers. They must be properly sized to match the application, as oversized thermocompressors can operate with inadequate control and vent excess steam. Installing dryer bars on low-speed dryers can reduce energy consumption by lowering the machine's rimming speed and reducing drive load. Monitoring dryer section ventilation systems by checking temperature rises and drops can indicate issues that increase energy usage like dirty filters or un draining steam coils. Non-contact dryers that do not touch the paper sheet should be disconnected from steam service to prevent wasted blow-through steam.
The document discusses different types of suction rolls used in papermaking, how they function to remove water from sheets and transfer sheets between felts. It explains that seal strips are important for defining the vacuum area and can wear out over time due to factors like overloading pressure. Proper operation of suction rolls through techniques like adjusting air pressure, cleaning showers, and box attitude optimization is important to maximize efficiency and minimize costs.
Wrinkles & Piping in paper reels is an annoying problem. When the reel is used for any conversion, printing, lamination or anything, you get rejects and rejects. This presentation gives some thoughts on how can we minimize wrinkles and piping.
The document discusses steam systems used in paper drying processes. It describes the dryer section and factors that influence temperature control. It then explains how pressure builds up in drying cylinders and ducts due to moisture and ventilation. Various steam systems are outlined, including cascade, thermocompressor, and blowthrough configurations used to supply steam to dryers, heaters, and other loads. Details are provided on condensate drainage and the need for steam lock release devices.
The document summarizes the effects of stock treatment, drying, and recycling on fiber properties. It discusses how mill pulps have shorter, less uniformly delignified fibers than laboratory pulps due to mechanical damage. Drying fibers causes further strength loss. Recycled fibers have even lower strength due to increased damage. Refining improves fiber bonding but also causes defects. Proper electrostatic conditions and minimizing turbulence can improve strength. Fiber fines and properties like length, fibrillation, and curl strongly influence paper strength.
This document discusses strategies for optimizing vacuum in the wire part of a paper machine to conserve energy. It notes that increasing vacuum and dwell time can increase dryness up to a point, after which gains are minimal. Recommendations include applying vacuum in increasing order with the highest vacuum in the last box and reducing open area and peak vacuum where dryness is not significantly affected. Reducing dwell time from excessive levels like 150ms down to 10-15ms can substantially reduce air flow needs and energy consumption. Replacing vacuum pumps or installing more efficient options like roots blowers or variable frequency drives can achieve further savings. Proper design optimization of vacuum and the wire table offers significant potential for increased energy efficiency and improved wire life.
The document discusses requirements for a good paper rewinder machine. It notes that rewinders are used to rewind defect rolls, make splices, slit rolls into narrower widths, and change roll dimensions. An effective rewinder should have large diameter drums like the main winder to produce high quality rolls at high capacity. It should also allow for fast accelerations and decelerations as well as automatic trim changes for multiple roll widths. The document provides contact information for Pekka Komulainen of Pele Oy if a rewinder with a trim width of 2500mm is needed.
This document discusses differences between hardwood and softwood fibers used for papermaking. Hardwood fibers are shorter and thinner than softwood fibers. Softwoods contain mostly fibers (tracheids) which form the fiber network in paper, while hardwoods also contain vessel and ray cells which can cause issues. Fiber length, diameter, cell wall thickness and wood density impact paper properties like strength, bulk, and formation. The roles of different pulps, fillers and additives in achieving desired paper qualities are also reviewed. Optimal mechanical pulps for printing papers contain fibrillated fibers, fines, and few shives.
Dryer doctors have a number of purposes in a paper machine dryer section: sheet shedding, dryer surface cleaning, threading, and air handling and control. Paper dryer doctors are often overlooked in the papermaking process, but they need proper attention to maintain efficient dryer operation.
Some thoughts on yankee paper machine felt lifeDevesh Singhal
The document discusses factors that affect the life of felts used on yankee paper machines. It notes that felt life is difficult to predict precisely due to various machine parameters. Three main factors that can improve felt life are identified: 1) improving fiber positioning and distribution to reduce fines in the top paper layer, 2) optimizing nip loading between the yankee cylinder and touch roll to reduce felt compaction, and 3) effective felt conditioning systems to remove trapped fines from the felt. The buildup of fines in felts over time can significantly reduce their porosity and lifespan.
The document discusses steam and condensate systems used in paper mills. It describes different types of paper mills based on raw materials and classifications. It also defines key terminology used in paper mills like GSM, draw rate, drying rate and specific steam consumption. The document discusses three main types of condensate evacuation systems - conventional trap based, cascade and thermocompressor based blow-through systems. It also describes rotary joints, syphons and factors in selecting appropriate steam and condensate systems based on machine speed.
The document discusses calendering of paper and board. It provides details on:
1) The calendering process which involves pressing paper between rolls to smooth and gloss the surface. Key variables include nip impulse, web temperature and moisture.
2) Conventional calendering methods including machine, brush, soft and multi-nip calendering. Multi-nip calendering is needed for certain grades to achieve the desired smoothness and gloss.
3) New calendering methods like metal belt calendering which extends the dwell time under heat for better smoothness, coating layer and printability.
The consumer demand and stringent regulatory environment continue to challenge tissue makers and chemical suppliers, requiring unique quality attributes, more efficient chemical additives and environmentally friendly processes. The two key functional characteristics in the production of tissue and towel are dry and wet tensile strength that must be balanced to provide desired mechanical characteristics, handfeel softness and sufficient dispersibility in water when required. Kemira’s new developments in the strength area bring tissue makers a complete solution, allowing to achieve not only desired quality attributes and reduced environmental impact but also to help improve the efficiency and economics of their processes. In this paper, we will review the traditional and novel solutions for strength and demonstrate the benefits using laboratory data and industrial case studies.
The document provides an overview of tissue machine operator training, focusing on crepe tissue production and the factors that influence creping. It discusses how increasing percent crepe through differences in yankee and reel speeds can improve sheet properties like bulk and softness. It also explains that coatings are applied to the yankee dryer to hold the sheet during creping and help build a good roll, while release aids facilitate sheet removal and influence properties. Common problems and methods for adjusting crepe, coatings and release aids to protect the dryer surface and meet sheet specifications are described.
Dryer Surface Temperature Response CharacteristicsKadant Inc.
This paper reviews data on thermal response of a dryer cylinder to changes in heat load (sheet break simulation) and to changes in dryer steam pressures. It also shows the improvements that are possible with the application of Turbulator® bars and advanced dryer section control.
DIY guidelines for optimization of wire vacuumDevesh Singhal
This presentation indicates how paper mills can collect data from their own machines and do the optimization to reduce energy consumption and get more dryness after the wire part.
Vacuum systems are used to spin the gyroscopes in flight instruments. An engine-driven vacuum pump creates suction that draws air through the gyros, causing the rotors to spin at high speeds similarly to a waterwheel. This spinning allows the gyros to accurately sense aircraft attitude and heading. Vacuum pressure is monitored with a gauge and should be maintained between 4.5-5.5 inches of mercury. Low vacuum pressure can cause gyroscopic instruments to function unreliably.
Vacuum pumps have been used since 1650 for a variety of industrial applications and remove gas molecules to create a partial vacuum. There are different types of vacuum pumps that use various mechanisms like positive displacement, momentum transfer, and entrapment to evacuate gases. Positive displacement pumps work by expanding a vacuum chamber to force gases in and out, while momentum transfer pumps use rapidly rotating blades to pull gases from one chamber to another. Entrapment pumps condense gases using cooler temperatures or alternate gases. Vacuum pumps are essential in industries like manufacturing, pharmaceutical, electrical, food and beverage.
Benefits of online porosity measurement feb 2018Pekka Komulainen
Online porosity measurement provides a way to optimize papermaking processes and ensure consistent paper quality. Porosity is influenced by many process parameters from stock preparation to the drying section. Maintaining a constant porosity indicates that the papermaking process is performing well and producing paper with consistent physical properties. While online and laboratory porosity measurements can differ due to factors like web speed and dwell time, monitoring porosity online allows the identification of quality issues and process deviations.
Drying training Equipment Operation and control Nelson Izaguirre
No manufactured product plays a more significant role in every area of human activity than
paper and paper products. Its importance in everyday life is obvious from its use in
recording, storage and dissemination of information. Virtually all writing and printing is
done on paper. It is the most widely used wrapping and packaging material, and is
important for structural applications. The uses and applications for pulp and paper
products are virtually limitless. Apart from the products and services that it provides, the
paper and pulp industry is one of the major manufacturing industries in the world
providing employment for vast number of people and contribute to national economy.
The paper making process is essentially a very large dewatering operation where a diluted
solution of pulp suspension with less than 0.5% fibre solid is used. The major sections of a
paper machine consist of: forming section, press section and dryer section. In the forming
section, the fibres present in the diluted pulp and water slurry form paper web through
drainage by gravity and applied suction below the forming fabric. In the press section
additional water in removed by mechanical pressure applied through the nips of a series of
presses or rotating rolls and the wet web is consolidated in this section. Most of the
remaining water is evaporated and inter-fibre binding developed as the paper contacts a
series of steam heated cylinder in the dryer section. Water removal from the wet web to the
final moisture level between 6% and 7% is a critical step of papermaking. Majority of the
functional properties of paper are developed in this section.
In spite of its key role in papermaking, large equipment size, and large capital and operating
costs, drying is arguably the least understood papermaking operation. Books on
papermaking technology generally devote fewer pages to drying than other papermaking
operations such as forming, pressing or calendaring. A similar situation is found in
papermaking courses, in which drying occupies a shorter time than the proportion of space
it takes in a paper machine. Furthermore, a large portion of that time is devoted to the
description of the equipment by its suppliers rather than to its operation by the
papermakers.
Thermocompressors use high-pressure steam to raise the pressure of low-pressure steam for use in dryers. They must be properly sized to match the application, as oversized thermocompressors can operate with inadequate control and vent excess steam. Installing dryer bars on low-speed dryers can reduce energy consumption by lowering the machine's rimming speed and reducing drive load. Monitoring dryer section ventilation systems by checking temperature rises and drops can indicate issues that increase energy usage like dirty filters or un draining steam coils. Non-contact dryers that do not touch the paper sheet should be disconnected from steam service to prevent wasted blow-through steam.
The document discusses different types of suction rolls used in papermaking, how they function to remove water from sheets and transfer sheets between felts. It explains that seal strips are important for defining the vacuum area and can wear out over time due to factors like overloading pressure. Proper operation of suction rolls through techniques like adjusting air pressure, cleaning showers, and box attitude optimization is important to maximize efficiency and minimize costs.
Wrinkles & Piping in paper reels is an annoying problem. When the reel is used for any conversion, printing, lamination or anything, you get rejects and rejects. This presentation gives some thoughts on how can we minimize wrinkles and piping.
The document discusses steam systems used in paper drying processes. It describes the dryer section and factors that influence temperature control. It then explains how pressure builds up in drying cylinders and ducts due to moisture and ventilation. Various steam systems are outlined, including cascade, thermocompressor, and blowthrough configurations used to supply steam to dryers, heaters, and other loads. Details are provided on condensate drainage and the need for steam lock release devices.
The document summarizes the effects of stock treatment, drying, and recycling on fiber properties. It discusses how mill pulps have shorter, less uniformly delignified fibers than laboratory pulps due to mechanical damage. Drying fibers causes further strength loss. Recycled fibers have even lower strength due to increased damage. Refining improves fiber bonding but also causes defects. Proper electrostatic conditions and minimizing turbulence can improve strength. Fiber fines and properties like length, fibrillation, and curl strongly influence paper strength.
This document discusses strategies for optimizing vacuum in the wire part of a paper machine to conserve energy. It notes that increasing vacuum and dwell time can increase dryness up to a point, after which gains are minimal. Recommendations include applying vacuum in increasing order with the highest vacuum in the last box and reducing open area and peak vacuum where dryness is not significantly affected. Reducing dwell time from excessive levels like 150ms down to 10-15ms can substantially reduce air flow needs and energy consumption. Replacing vacuum pumps or installing more efficient options like roots blowers or variable frequency drives can achieve further savings. Proper design optimization of vacuum and the wire table offers significant potential for increased energy efficiency and improved wire life.
The document discusses requirements for a good paper rewinder machine. It notes that rewinders are used to rewind defect rolls, make splices, slit rolls into narrower widths, and change roll dimensions. An effective rewinder should have large diameter drums like the main winder to produce high quality rolls at high capacity. It should also allow for fast accelerations and decelerations as well as automatic trim changes for multiple roll widths. The document provides contact information for Pekka Komulainen of Pele Oy if a rewinder with a trim width of 2500mm is needed.
This document discusses differences between hardwood and softwood fibers used for papermaking. Hardwood fibers are shorter and thinner than softwood fibers. Softwoods contain mostly fibers (tracheids) which form the fiber network in paper, while hardwoods also contain vessel and ray cells which can cause issues. Fiber length, diameter, cell wall thickness and wood density impact paper properties like strength, bulk, and formation. The roles of different pulps, fillers and additives in achieving desired paper qualities are also reviewed. Optimal mechanical pulps for printing papers contain fibrillated fibers, fines, and few shives.
Dryer doctors have a number of purposes in a paper machine dryer section: sheet shedding, dryer surface cleaning, threading, and air handling and control. Paper dryer doctors are often overlooked in the papermaking process, but they need proper attention to maintain efficient dryer operation.
Some thoughts on yankee paper machine felt lifeDevesh Singhal
The document discusses factors that affect the life of felts used on yankee paper machines. It notes that felt life is difficult to predict precisely due to various machine parameters. Three main factors that can improve felt life are identified: 1) improving fiber positioning and distribution to reduce fines in the top paper layer, 2) optimizing nip loading between the yankee cylinder and touch roll to reduce felt compaction, and 3) effective felt conditioning systems to remove trapped fines from the felt. The buildup of fines in felts over time can significantly reduce their porosity and lifespan.
The document discusses steam and condensate systems used in paper mills. It describes different types of paper mills based on raw materials and classifications. It also defines key terminology used in paper mills like GSM, draw rate, drying rate and specific steam consumption. The document discusses three main types of condensate evacuation systems - conventional trap based, cascade and thermocompressor based blow-through systems. It also describes rotary joints, syphons and factors in selecting appropriate steam and condensate systems based on machine speed.
The document discusses calendering of paper and board. It provides details on:
1) The calendering process which involves pressing paper between rolls to smooth and gloss the surface. Key variables include nip impulse, web temperature and moisture.
2) Conventional calendering methods including machine, brush, soft and multi-nip calendering. Multi-nip calendering is needed for certain grades to achieve the desired smoothness and gloss.
3) New calendering methods like metal belt calendering which extends the dwell time under heat for better smoothness, coating layer and printability.
The consumer demand and stringent regulatory environment continue to challenge tissue makers and chemical suppliers, requiring unique quality attributes, more efficient chemical additives and environmentally friendly processes. The two key functional characteristics in the production of tissue and towel are dry and wet tensile strength that must be balanced to provide desired mechanical characteristics, handfeel softness and sufficient dispersibility in water when required. Kemira’s new developments in the strength area bring tissue makers a complete solution, allowing to achieve not only desired quality attributes and reduced environmental impact but also to help improve the efficiency and economics of their processes. In this paper, we will review the traditional and novel solutions for strength and demonstrate the benefits using laboratory data and industrial case studies.
The document provides an overview of tissue machine operator training, focusing on crepe tissue production and the factors that influence creping. It discusses how increasing percent crepe through differences in yankee and reel speeds can improve sheet properties like bulk and softness. It also explains that coatings are applied to the yankee dryer to hold the sheet during creping and help build a good roll, while release aids facilitate sheet removal and influence properties. Common problems and methods for adjusting crepe, coatings and release aids to protect the dryer surface and meet sheet specifications are described.
Dryer Surface Temperature Response CharacteristicsKadant Inc.
This paper reviews data on thermal response of a dryer cylinder to changes in heat load (sheet break simulation) and to changes in dryer steam pressures. It also shows the improvements that are possible with the application of Turbulator® bars and advanced dryer section control.
DIY guidelines for optimization of wire vacuumDevesh Singhal
This presentation indicates how paper mills can collect data from their own machines and do the optimization to reduce energy consumption and get more dryness after the wire part.
Vacuum systems are used to spin the gyroscopes in flight instruments. An engine-driven vacuum pump creates suction that draws air through the gyros, causing the rotors to spin at high speeds similarly to a waterwheel. This spinning allows the gyros to accurately sense aircraft attitude and heading. Vacuum pressure is monitored with a gauge and should be maintained between 4.5-5.5 inches of mercury. Low vacuum pressure can cause gyroscopic instruments to function unreliably.
Vacuum pumps have been used since 1650 for a variety of industrial applications and remove gas molecules to create a partial vacuum. There are different types of vacuum pumps that use various mechanisms like positive displacement, momentum transfer, and entrapment to evacuate gases. Positive displacement pumps work by expanding a vacuum chamber to force gases in and out, while momentum transfer pumps use rapidly rotating blades to pull gases from one chamber to another. Entrapment pumps condense gases using cooler temperatures or alternate gases. Vacuum pumps are essential in industries like manufacturing, pharmaceutical, electrical, food and beverage.
New Era Converting Machinery - Gravure Coating Webinarjrd22
The document discusses gravure coating, an industry-versatile coating method. It outlines the webinar on gravure coating, including an overview of the classic gravure coater process and its components like the gravure roll, doctor blade, and impression roll. It also describes improvements like enclosed applicators and quick-change cartridge systems. Variations covered are reverse, offset, and differential offset gravure, as well as pressurized applicators and two-side coating. The versatility of gravure in application range, substrates, coating types, and viscosities handled is highlighted.
Determination of vacuum pump operational efficiencyDevesh Singhal
This document discusses methods for determining the operational efficiency of a vacuum pump. It notes that vacuum pump efficiency decreases at higher vacuum levels due to factors like air short-circuiting and moisture condensation. It provides examples of measuring exhaust air flow and vacuum levels at different conditions. Based on the measurements and calculated inlet air flows, the operational efficiency at various vacuum levels is obtained. The results can indicate if a vacuum pump needs to be replaced or relocated for better efficiency.
This document discusses optical properties in papermaking. It covers topics such as light reflection, scattering, absorption, transmission and how they relate to paper properties like brightness, opacity, color, and gloss. Fiber distribution and porosity are important for optical properties. Brightness is influenced by factors like pulp bleaching level, fillers, coatings, and fluorescent whitening agents. The use of different light sources and measurement methods can lead to variations in measured brightness values.
This was one of the very first CBT modules I developed. This presentation was imported into Captivate, where additional features such as mouse-over definitions were added.
The document describes the key components and processes of a paper machine. It discusses the wet end which includes stock preparation and transport to the headbox. It then explains the headbox, wire section for initial dewatering, press section for further dewatering including conventional, German and shoe presses. Drying sections are described next for heating and drying the paper web. A size press is included to make the surface water repellent before winding the finished paper onto large reels. Water is circulated throughout the entire papermaking process.
This document provides an overview of wear parts and solutions from Röchling LERIPA Papertech for various sections of the papermaking process, including:
- Stock preparation parts like cleaner cones made of ultra high molecular polyethylene that separate contaminants from fibers more efficiently and with longer service intervals between replacements.
- Dewatering elements available in ultra high molecular polyethylene and various ceramic materials to improve drainage.
- Sealing systems for suction rolls featuring rubber-graphite and UHMW polyethylene options.
- Coating systems including metering rod beds and rods to precisely apply coatings like sizing or chemicals.
The document emphasizes Röchling LERIPA Papertech's
1) A paper mill was experiencing fluctuations in the speed of a large 110kW DC motor that drove a paper machine. The current driving the motor would fluctuate between 160-280A from its normal 220-230A. This caused variations in paper tension.
2) Initially, adjustments to pots on the DC drive controller helped but the problem kept recurring, especially in the evenings. It was found that the mill had started buying lower quality diesel fuel from a local petrol pump, which was causing increased choking of fuel filters for the backup generators.
3) The real issue was traced to adulteration of the diesel fuel being supplied to the mill, which when burned was causing electrical problems. Using directly sourced
This document provides formulas and examples for sizing vacuum receivers and pumps for vacuum thermoforming applications. It includes:
1) An equation for determining the size of a vacuum receiver based on mold volume, initial pressure, vacuum system pressure, and combined pressure.
2) An example calculation using the equation to determine a 54 gallon receiver is needed.
3) Equations for calculating the combined system pressure given an existing receiver size or determining the flow rate needed to achieve a given pump down time.
The document discusses the expectations paper makers have of clothing suppliers to ensure efficient drainage and good printability. It focuses on the specifications and experiences with forming fabrics, press felts, and dryer screens used in papermaking and how selecting proper clothing and operating practices can help achieve maximum efficiency and produce quality paper with properties like uniform basis weight and good printability. While indigenous manufacturers have improved, interaction and follow-up can help them further meet paper makers' needs to produce quality paper at competitive costs.
The document discusses a forming fabric application for tissue making called InTegra-T. It has three layers and utilizes an intrinsic weft design. It provides excellent drainage and formation characteristics, allowing for increased headbox dilution and production speeds. It also allows for easy cleaning, reduced basis weight and moisture variability, excellent width stability, and improved energy efficiency. The fabric has demonstrated long life, increased retention, and benefits for tissue and towel machines.
Kubota L2500DT Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdfkm7seyrduhdw
The document provides instructions for parts books. It defines the column headings used on parts number pages, including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range, interchangeability, and remarks. It notes country codes that may be included and what they represent. The bottom section provides an example page from a parts book, listing specific part numbers, descriptions, and other details for the crankcase component.
Kubota l2500 dt tractor parts catalogue manualdfjjsjkemmm
The document provides instructions for parts books. It defines the column headings used on parts number pages, including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range, interchangeability, and remarks. Country codes are also explained, with symbols indicating the country each part is for (e.g. A for USA, CA for Canada, FR for France). An example page from a parts book is then shown listing parts for an engine crankcase, with the corresponding information for each part.
Kubota l2500 dt tractor parts catalogue manualfjskekmdm
The document provides instructions for parts books. It defines the column headings used on parts number pages, including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range, interchangeability, and remarks. It notes country codes that may be included and what they represent. The example pages provided list the parts, part numbers, descriptions, and other details for the crankcase, oil pan, piston/crankshaft, and other components of a tractor.
Kubota B7200D Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdff8usuejkddm3e
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of part names and their reference pages in the parts book for a B7200D product.
Kubota B7200D Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdfnii776204
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of parts for a B7200D tractor organized by system.
Kubota B7200D Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdfdksmiekddmdmd
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of part names and their corresponding reference pages in the parts book.
Kubota B7200D Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdf8fseujdkdmde3
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of parts for a tractor model B7200D organized by system with part numbers and relevant parts book references.
Kubota B7200D Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdff8sejddkkdmdm3e
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of part names and their corresponding reference pages in the parts book.
Kubota B7200D Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdffujkseodidk3e
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of parts for a tractor model B7200D organized by system with part numbers and relevant parts book references.
Kubota b7200 d tractor parts catalogue manualeudskkejedmm
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of parts for a B7200D tractor organized by system.
Kubota B7200D Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdffjkkskmdmmd
This document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It explains that the heading on parts pages will match the picture page. It defines the column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. Finally, it lists an index of parts for a B7200D tractor organized by system.
Kubota b7200 d tractor parts catalogue manualjfdjskmdmme
The document provides instructions for parts books. It defines column headings used on parts number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range, interchangeability, and remarks. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. The second page begins an index listing parts by reference number, part number, description and applicable parts book.
A_MukherjeePresn for engineers good fileZiad Salem
This document discusses the evaluation of roll pass design using software. It describes the objectives of roll pass design which is to reduce the cross-sectional area in each pass to gradually form the desired product profile. It then explains the rolling process and factors to consider in roll pass design like taper percentage, groove angles, and fitting. Finally, it shows an example evaluation of 19 passes to reduce a material's cross sectional area and calculates the required power in each pass.
Kubota B2150E Tractor Parts Catalogue Manual.pdfkm57seyduhdw
The document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It defines column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. The document then provides a sample page from a parts book with over 250 line items listed with the corresponding information.
Kubota b2150 e tractor parts catalogue manualfjsekkdmmmse
The document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It defines column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes that may be included and what they represent. The document then provides an example page from a parts book with over 250 line items categorized by engine, fuel, cooling, electrical and other systems with details for each part.
Kubota b2150 e tractor parts catalogue manualiflsefksemmqw
The document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It defines column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. The document then provides a sample page from a parts book with over 250 line items defined.
Kubota b2150 e tractor parts catalogue manualfujsjejfskekmm
The document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It defines column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. The document then provides a sample page from a parts book with over 250 line items categorized by engine, fuel, cooling, electrical and other systems with part numbers, descriptions and other details.
Kubota b2150 e tractor parts catalogue manualufjjjsekkkem
The document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It defines column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. The second page begins a sample parts listing for a B2150E engine with over 250 individual part numbers and descriptions.
Kubota b2150 e tractor parts catalogue manualjjfksekdmejik
The document provides instructions and definitions for parts books. It defines column headings for part number pages including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range and interchangeability. It notes country codes may be included and provides examples. The second page begins a sample parts listing for a B2150E engine with over 250 individual part numbers and descriptions.
Kubota b8200 dp tractor parts catalogue manualfjjskedmme
The document provides instructions and part numbers for a parts book. It defines the column headings used on part number pages, including reference number, part number, description, quantity, serial number range, interchangeability, and remarks. It also notes country codes that may be included and their meanings.
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