This document provides an overview of postmodernism and structuralism in media studies. It discusses the traditional linear model of communication and how structuralists like Saussure, Peirce, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes analyzed language and signs. It notes how structuralists viewed opposites and binaries in language and culture. The document then questions if these structuralist concepts still apply today or if new groups have simply replaced old ones in stereotypes. It advocates treating communication models as tools rather than absolute truths.
6 Best Essay Writing Resources for A-Students | The University Network. 6 Best Essay Writing Resources for A-Students | The University Network .... Essay Writing Resources - Mrs. Duda's English Class. Top 77 ideas about Essay Writing on Pinterest | Writing an essay .... Essay Writing Resource Center - YouTube. 011 Essay Example How To Cite Sources In An Website Step Version .... Free essay writing help, Essay Writing Help for Students by Experts. Essay Writing Resources BUNDLE by The Classroom Sparrow | TpT. Learner Writing Resources | Writing a thesis statement, Writing .... Writing Worksheets High School | AlphabetWorksheetsFree.com. Essay Writing Study Resources. 012 Mla Format Research Paper What Is Forn Essay Examples Sample .... Term Paper Writing Resources – Topics, Outline & Approach. Resource Sheet for Essay Writing - ESL worksheet by teachingsmart. Writing an admission essay is easier said than done. It becomes all the .... Argumentative Essay Writing Resources : Graphic Organizer and Sample Essay. FREE 9+ College Essay Examples in PDF | Examples - How to write english .... 15 Best Images of Writing A Paper Sources Worksheet - Research Paper .... What Is an Essay? Different Types of Essays with Examples • 7ESL. academic-essay-writing-resource. Essay Writing Resources For Writers. Essay Writing Tips For Pte Academic – Telegraph. How To Use Educational Resources - PHDessay.com.
Essay Questions. You will select one of the following questions on w.docxtheodorelove43763
Essay Questions. You will select one of the following questions on which to write an extended essay.
CREATE YOUR OWN QUESTION: Submit an essay question on which you would like to write to Dr. Holland by Monday 4/20. Prior approval required.
Using one or a combination of theories use them as a critical lens to analyze a movie (sociological movie review), a music video or popular culture.
Compare and contrast Marx’s theory with the explanations provided by Fanon and Cesaire.
How did the theory change from the first feminists to the second and third wave feminists
we studied? What changed and what remained the same?
Explain and assess the importance of Gramsci’s idea of hegemony and examine how it was
adopted by other theorists we studied.
Which theorist we have studied best embodies Gramsci’s idea of an organic intellectual?
Explain what and how this theorist uses theory to inform consciousness.
Explain Gramsci’s theory of Hegemony and using it analyze the current situation and
possibilities for social change. Envision how this happens using Gramsci’s analysis.
Explain what Audre Lorde meant by the Master’s Tools and apply it to an analysis of a
particular problem of the social structure.
How does Hartsock argue that women are a “colonized other” and what consequences
does that have for understanding the position of women?
How is Smith’s idea of bifurcation of consciousness similar to and/or different from Dubois’
double consciousness? Describe what is meant by both.
Define and explain the similarities and differences between Intersectionality (Crenshaw)
and the Matrix of Domination (Collins). Then write about a real-life example that
illustrates these ideas.
What are the major differences and similarities between the early feminists and
contemporary black feminists?
What similarities and differences are there between the Power of Nonviolent Action and
the Black Panther Party programs for social change and those of Fanon and Cesaire?
How does DuBois provide a materialist explanation of white racism in his writings on the
racial wage? Does Dubois complicate or challenge Marx’s account of class and class
conflict (which you will need to explain)?
How do WW Rostow and Immanuel Wallenstein provide differing explanations of how
nations develop economically? Which do you think is the best explanation? Why?
How does Dubois idea of double consciousness relate to James or Mead’s theories?
How does theory provide a basis to inform action for social change? Be specific and draw
on particular theorists we have examined.
How is the analysis of postcolonial theorist similar to and different from that of feminist
theorists? Be specific.
How does Anzaldua’s image/concept of the borderlands help to complicate and explain
identity? What relevance does it have for contemporary theory (explanations)?
We know the concept of alienation/estrangement through Marx. Estrangement is
distancing of people from each other or what is im.
2. Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities STUAR.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
2. Old and New Identities,
Old and New Ethnicities
STUART HALL
IN MY PREVIOUS TALK, I TRIED TO OPEN OUT THE QUESTIONS
about the local and the global from their somewhat closed, somewhat
over-integrated, and somewhat over-systematized formulations. My
argument was that we need to think about the processes which are
now revealing themselves in terms of the local and the global, in
those two spaces, but we also need to think of these as more contra-
dictory formulations than we usually do. Unless we do, I was con-
cerned that we are likely to be disabled in trying to think those ideas
politically.
I was therefore attempting - certainly not to close out the ques-
tions of power and the questions of appropriation which I think are
lodged at the very center of any notion of a shift between the dis-
positions of the local and the global in the emergence of a cultural
politics on a world scale - but rather to conceptualize that within a
more open-ended and contingent cultural politics.
At the end of the' talk, however, I was obliged to ask if there is a
politics, indeed, a counter-politics of the local. If there are new
globals and new locals at work, who are the new subjects of this poli-
tics of position? What conceivable identities could they appear in? Can
identity itself be re-thought and re-lived, in and through difference?
It is this question which is what I want to address here. I have
called it "Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities" and
CULTURE, GLOBALIZATION AND THE WORLD-SYSTEM
what I am going to do first is to return to the question of identity
and try to look at some of the ways in which we are beginning to re-
conceptualize that within contemporary theoretical discourses. I shall
then go back from that theoretical consideration to the ground of a
cultural politics. Theory is always a detour on the way to something
more important.
I return to the question of identity because the question of identity
has returned to us; at any rate, it has returned to us in British politics
and British cultural politics today. It has not returned in the same old
place; it is not the traditional conception of identity. It is not going
back to the old identity politics of the 1960s social movements. But it
is, nevertheless, a kind of return to some of the ground which we
used to think in that way. I will make a comment at the very end
about what is the nature of this theoretical-political work which
seems to lose things on the one side and then recover them in a dif-
ferent way from another side, and then have to think them out all
over again just as soon as they get rid of them. What is this never-
ending theoretical work which is constantly losing and regaining
concepts? I talk about identity here as a point at which, on the one
hand, a whole set of new theoretical discourses intersect and where,
on the other, a whole new set of cultural practices emerge. I want to
begin by trying, very briefly, ...
How to write an excellent formal essay. College Essay Format: Simple Steps to Be Followed. How to write an Essay in English? 51 Essay Writing Examples. 5 Surefire Tips to Write an Excellent Essay. How to Write a Good Essay | The Ultimate Guide - Student-Tutor .... How To Write An Excellent Essay – Telegraph. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples – RedlineSP. How to Write Excellent Essays in 7 Easy Steps by Bev Rempel - Issuu. Essay Writing Examples - 21+ Samples in PDF | DOC | Examples. Essay Writing - Introduction, Types, Format and Writing Tips - Tips to .... Excellent Easy Way To Write An Essay ~ Thatsnotus. College Essay Examples - 13+ in PDF | Examples. Academic Essay Structure Tips [Writing Guide] | Pro Essay Help. Excellent Essay Sample ~ Excel Templates. How to Write a Great Essay Quickly! - ESLBuzz Learning English .... How To Write An Essay - English Learn Site.
free-500-word-essay-on-responsibility.pdf - 500 Word Essay On .... Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... 500 word essay about responsibility center budgeting - report52.web.fc2.com. Buy Essay 500 Words Sample College! 255 Best College Essay Examples For .... 1000 Word Essay on Resposnibility | Mid-Terms.com. Five 600 word essays on business (Property) skills - A Short essay (600 .... 500 word essay on respect. 500 word essay about responsibility and accountability clipart .... Responsibility Essay Free Essay Example. Create Your Impressive 500 Word Essay | Pro Essay Help. How to Write a 500 Word Personal Statement. Pin by Otienodoreen on My Saves | 500 word essay, Essay template, Essay ....
6 Best Essay Writing Resources for A-Students | The University Network. 6 Best Essay Writing Resources for A-Students | The University Network .... Essay Writing Resources - Mrs. Duda's English Class. Top 77 ideas about Essay Writing on Pinterest | Writing an essay .... Essay Writing Resource Center - YouTube. 011 Essay Example How To Cite Sources In An Website Step Version .... Free essay writing help, Essay Writing Help for Students by Experts. Essay Writing Resources BUNDLE by The Classroom Sparrow | TpT. Learner Writing Resources | Writing a thesis statement, Writing .... Writing Worksheets High School | AlphabetWorksheetsFree.com. Essay Writing Study Resources. 012 Mla Format Research Paper What Is Forn Essay Examples Sample .... Term Paper Writing Resources – Topics, Outline & Approach. Resource Sheet for Essay Writing - ESL worksheet by teachingsmart. Writing an admission essay is easier said than done. It becomes all the .... Argumentative Essay Writing Resources : Graphic Organizer and Sample Essay. FREE 9+ College Essay Examples in PDF | Examples - How to write english .... 15 Best Images of Writing A Paper Sources Worksheet - Research Paper .... What Is an Essay? Different Types of Essays with Examples • 7ESL. academic-essay-writing-resource. Essay Writing Resources For Writers. Essay Writing Tips For Pte Academic – Telegraph. How To Use Educational Resources - PHDessay.com.
Essay Questions. You will select one of the following questions on w.docxtheodorelove43763
Essay Questions. You will select one of the following questions on which to write an extended essay.
CREATE YOUR OWN QUESTION: Submit an essay question on which you would like to write to Dr. Holland by Monday 4/20. Prior approval required.
Using one or a combination of theories use them as a critical lens to analyze a movie (sociological movie review), a music video or popular culture.
Compare and contrast Marx’s theory with the explanations provided by Fanon and Cesaire.
How did the theory change from the first feminists to the second and third wave feminists
we studied? What changed and what remained the same?
Explain and assess the importance of Gramsci’s idea of hegemony and examine how it was
adopted by other theorists we studied.
Which theorist we have studied best embodies Gramsci’s idea of an organic intellectual?
Explain what and how this theorist uses theory to inform consciousness.
Explain Gramsci’s theory of Hegemony and using it analyze the current situation and
possibilities for social change. Envision how this happens using Gramsci’s analysis.
Explain what Audre Lorde meant by the Master’s Tools and apply it to an analysis of a
particular problem of the social structure.
How does Hartsock argue that women are a “colonized other” and what consequences
does that have for understanding the position of women?
How is Smith’s idea of bifurcation of consciousness similar to and/or different from Dubois’
double consciousness? Describe what is meant by both.
Define and explain the similarities and differences between Intersectionality (Crenshaw)
and the Matrix of Domination (Collins). Then write about a real-life example that
illustrates these ideas.
What are the major differences and similarities between the early feminists and
contemporary black feminists?
What similarities and differences are there between the Power of Nonviolent Action and
the Black Panther Party programs for social change and those of Fanon and Cesaire?
How does DuBois provide a materialist explanation of white racism in his writings on the
racial wage? Does Dubois complicate or challenge Marx’s account of class and class
conflict (which you will need to explain)?
How do WW Rostow and Immanuel Wallenstein provide differing explanations of how
nations develop economically? Which do you think is the best explanation? Why?
How does Dubois idea of double consciousness relate to James or Mead’s theories?
How does theory provide a basis to inform action for social change? Be specific and draw
on particular theorists we have examined.
How is the analysis of postcolonial theorist similar to and different from that of feminist
theorists? Be specific.
How does Anzaldua’s image/concept of the borderlands help to complicate and explain
identity? What relevance does it have for contemporary theory (explanations)?
We know the concept of alienation/estrangement through Marx. Estrangement is
distancing of people from each other or what is im.
2. Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities STUAR.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
2. Old and New Identities,
Old and New Ethnicities
STUART HALL
IN MY PREVIOUS TALK, I TRIED TO OPEN OUT THE QUESTIONS
about the local and the global from their somewhat closed, somewhat
over-integrated, and somewhat over-systematized formulations. My
argument was that we need to think about the processes which are
now revealing themselves in terms of the local and the global, in
those two spaces, but we also need to think of these as more contra-
dictory formulations than we usually do. Unless we do, I was con-
cerned that we are likely to be disabled in trying to think those ideas
politically.
I was therefore attempting - certainly not to close out the ques-
tions of power and the questions of appropriation which I think are
lodged at the very center of any notion of a shift between the dis-
positions of the local and the global in the emergence of a cultural
politics on a world scale - but rather to conceptualize that within a
more open-ended and contingent cultural politics.
At the end of the' talk, however, I was obliged to ask if there is a
politics, indeed, a counter-politics of the local. If there are new
globals and new locals at work, who are the new subjects of this poli-
tics of position? What conceivable identities could they appear in? Can
identity itself be re-thought and re-lived, in and through difference?
It is this question which is what I want to address here. I have
called it "Old and New Identities, Old and New Ethnicities" and
CULTURE, GLOBALIZATION AND THE WORLD-SYSTEM
what I am going to do first is to return to the question of identity
and try to look at some of the ways in which we are beginning to re-
conceptualize that within contemporary theoretical discourses. I shall
then go back from that theoretical consideration to the ground of a
cultural politics. Theory is always a detour on the way to something
more important.
I return to the question of identity because the question of identity
has returned to us; at any rate, it has returned to us in British politics
and British cultural politics today. It has not returned in the same old
place; it is not the traditional conception of identity. It is not going
back to the old identity politics of the 1960s social movements. But it
is, nevertheless, a kind of return to some of the ground which we
used to think in that way. I will make a comment at the very end
about what is the nature of this theoretical-political work which
seems to lose things on the one side and then recover them in a dif-
ferent way from another side, and then have to think them out all
over again just as soon as they get rid of them. What is this never-
ending theoretical work which is constantly losing and regaining
concepts? I talk about identity here as a point at which, on the one
hand, a whole set of new theoretical discourses intersect and where,
on the other, a whole new set of cultural practices emerge. I want to
begin by trying, very briefly, ...
How to write an excellent formal essay. College Essay Format: Simple Steps to Be Followed. How to write an Essay in English? 51 Essay Writing Examples. 5 Surefire Tips to Write an Excellent Essay. How to Write a Good Essay | The Ultimate Guide - Student-Tutor .... How To Write An Excellent Essay – Telegraph. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples – RedlineSP. How to Write Excellent Essays in 7 Easy Steps by Bev Rempel - Issuu. Essay Writing Examples - 21+ Samples in PDF | DOC | Examples. Essay Writing - Introduction, Types, Format and Writing Tips - Tips to .... Excellent Easy Way To Write An Essay ~ Thatsnotus. College Essay Examples - 13+ in PDF | Examples. Academic Essay Structure Tips [Writing Guide] | Pro Essay Help. Excellent Essay Sample ~ Excel Templates. How to Write a Great Essay Quickly! - ESLBuzz Learning English .... How To Write An Essay - English Learn Site.
free-500-word-essay-on-responsibility.pdf - 500 Word Essay On .... Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... 500 word essay about responsibility center budgeting - report52.web.fc2.com. Buy Essay 500 Words Sample College! 255 Best College Essay Examples For .... 1000 Word Essay on Resposnibility | Mid-Terms.com. Five 600 word essays on business (Property) skills - A Short essay (600 .... 500 word essay on respect. 500 word essay about responsibility and accountability clipart .... Responsibility Essay Free Essay Example. Create Your Impressive 500 Word Essay | Pro Essay Help. How to Write a 500 Word Personal Statement. Pin by Otienodoreen on My Saves | 500 word essay, Essay template, Essay ....
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
2. POSTMODERNISM "Where shall I begin, please your Majesty?" he asked."Begin at the beginning," the King said gravely, "and go on till you come to the end: then stop.” (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Chapter 12) where to begin?
3. Traditional model The traditional perspectives tend to emphasise a similar model Assumed to have similar responses NOISE Sender messages medium Mass audience Feedback ? Assumed UNIVOCAL Shannon & Weaver
4. Structuralists1950s-1960s SASSURE – saw language as a cultural creation rather than something innate: as a social system that was ordered, coherent and governed by a set of rules. PEIRCE - took Sassure’s ideas and expanded them to include not just language but other ‘social constructs’ in society. Peirce introduced the term ‘Semiotics’. He also differentiated signs into SYMBOLIC (or ARBITRATED), ICONIC and INDEXICAL. LEVI-STRAUSS – (a structuralist anthropologist) worked on the importance of structuring oppositions in myth systems and in language – linked to binary oppositions as these structures are often used/constructed as pairs. BARTHES took things further in his seminal text ‘Mythologies’ (1972) and applied these ideas to daily life and popular culture – we’ll come back to Barthes later.
5. BINARY Man Active External Public Producer Provider Woman Passive Domestic Private Consumer Dependent OPPOSITION structuralists Sassure, Peirce, Levi-Strauss, Barthes
6. Did you see ‘signs’? What do they mean? How do you know? Does it matter? Semiotics- the study of signs
7. The current discussions of stereotyping and representation is widespread. Does this mean things have changed in any way? Have we just moved on to new groups? So we’re all PC now – right?
8. “The Red Queen made no resistance whatever” The thing with resistance is that it almost always happens AND contrary to what you’re told, Has always been happening…
15. BINARY Man Active External Public Producer Provider Woman Passive Domestic Private Consumer Dependent OPPOSITION Structuralists ? Sassure, Peirce, Levi-Strauss, Barthes
16. Modern applications ? WEST EAST Foreign Strange Irrational Barbaric Backward Extreme Dangerous Inferior Criminal THEM Western Normal Rational Civilised Modern Moderate Responsible Superior Justice US Bite back? Sometimes our understanding is better explained by what it is NOT than what it IS
17. *hypodermic If we change West and East to something like CHRISTIAN and MUSLIM or STRAIGHT and GAY what happens to this model? It’s still useful right? Well that’s the problem with a lot of these media theories – they all have strengths and weaknesses and someone always comes along to debunk or update your model BUT rarely do theoretical models become completely obsolete in Media Studies*. What you’re left with is a whole series of models you can use to critique your text – the trick is to treat your arsenal of models as a TOOLBOX where you pick the tool (model) that is the most apt for the particular work you’re doing. "Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?" "That depends a good deal on where you want to get to," said the Cat.
Editor's Notes
The problem with looking at postmodernism is that unless you understand a bit about MODERNISM it’s harder to appreciate what POST-modern is all about – it’s very conception and existence relies thoroughly upon Modernism.We view postmodernism through modernism as a stance – when we stop doing this, we’ll stop calling it ‘post’ something perhaps but at some stage we ought perhaps to realise that postmodernism is becoming so ubiquitous it’s hard to continue to call it ‘post-modernism’. Is it not now just part of ‘The Way Things Are Now’ whatever that is?This is a modified version of the original channel-medium-code model from Shannon and Weaver (1948)In this model, the media can still be seen to be providing “a window on the world” (which we REFUTE absolutely now in Media by the way!!!)
Structuralism argues that all human social order is determined by large social or psychological structures with their own irresistible logic, independent of human will or intervention.Freud and Marx began to work on interpreting the social world in this structured way.Later structuralists argued that meanings can only be understood form within this over-arching structures and the differences or distinctions they make.SASSURE – saw language as a cultural creation rather than something innate: as a social system that was ordered, coherent and governed by a set of rules. PEIRCE - took Sassure’s ideas and expanded them to include not just language but other ‘social constructs’ in society. Peirce introduced the term ‘Semiotics’. He also differentiated signs into SYMBOLIC (or ARBITRATED), ICONIC and INDEXICAL.LEVI-STRAUSS – (a structuralist anthropologist) worked on the importance of structuring oppositions in myth systems and in language – linked to binary oppositions as these structures are often used/constructed as pairs.BARTHES took things further in his seminal text ‘Mythologies’ (1972) and applied these ideas to daily life and popular culture – we’ll come back to Barthes later.
Explore and examine these ideas.
Feminists perhaps created the biggest wave in bringing issues of representation into the forefront of ‘media studies’ (as was – perhaps we should say studies of the media??). Their work gave way to other studies about issues of representation and other studies looking at the actual representations themselves, but of groups other than women – for example Focusing on representation and gender in advertising and how we wouldn’t accept negative representations of MEN as we might have done 10 years ago. Is this the post-post –feminist backlash?
But people always resist ideas – they always have. We’ll come back to this later as resistance to ‘meanings’ (in ideological terms) is also something that Media Studies cherishes at its core. There has been much discussion about what forms this resistance takes and whether the ruling hegemony (the dominant model or culture) can merely subsume this resistance into itself, thus negating its power.
Discuss – Graffiti? Resistance? Art? Playful? Just Subvertising?
Notice the dress of the lady in the ‘Born Kicking’ picture – you can see this was photographed in the early eighties. If you’re interested in this work, the key person is Jill Posener – ‘Spray it Loud’ (1982).
Jill Posener again – her ‘breakthrough picture’ as she calls it.
Loving ‘Think harder fcukwit – gorilla tactics? On the ground resistance?Intertextual AVATAR with Chevron (US Oil Giant) – clever advertising execs?“Revile’ – using the style of adverts but using only the anchorage to alter the message – using only language – highlighting Sassure!
‘Window on the world”? Still white??
So if things have moved on and we’re all avoiding gross negative stereotyping etc etc yaddayaddayadda but what is this? Is it post-modern irony? Are these images knowingly sexist? Is that the point – ‘Hey we know it’s sexist but we don’t mean it and you know we don’t….right?’ . Think about it.In some ways, the lines of what is acceptable and what isn’t have been pushed even further back – we can be this rude, this risque – it’s self-mocking, knowing, self-referential…..Like I said…THINK ABOUT IT
Examining these binaries in modern concepts can show how much we still use structures (and often BINARY structures) to conceive and perceive meaning.SAID – in ‘Orientalism’ posited the notion of OTHER. This works where we construct one set of values as stronger and more desirable and assign the weaker, negative values to another group or place which is OTHER than us – it is a form of gross (if subconscious) negative stereotyping.
So to sum up at this point – The transmission model was a basic system that allowed for some interference which they called ‘noise’. In the 1950s and 1960s, in European circles, a whole school of semiologists arose who questioned the traditional model which provided ‘a window on the world’. They were structuralists as all their versions of how meaning works using signs operate in a system, a structure.This is the basic model behind media studies at the moment, although there is an understanding that post-modern ideas have huge sway but post-modernism has been ‘swallowed’ by the mainstream of theory in media and things moved around to fit it in without changing this basic structure – therefore we still engage in semiotic deconstruction of texts, with added frills, as if all that the thinkers behind ‘post-modernism’ had never uttered their thoughts – LACAN, DERRIDA, FOUCAULT & BENEVIDES