2. Why?
• Opportunity to exchange ideas
Clinical problems
Research outcomes
Research ideas (Work in progress)
Where?
• Conferences (Eg: Diabetes Summit)
• Professional Association Annual Meetings
National – APhA
Local – UPhA
• Capitol Hill
Policy making
E. Unni 9/29/2011
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3. Title
Abstract (Optional) It is not
necessary to
Introduction/Background have all these
Goals/Objectives components in
a poster
Methods
Results
Discussion & Limitations
Clinical Implications
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
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4. Use the 10–10 rule
• Attendees spend only 10 seconds scanning
posters as they stroll by from a distance of 10
feet
• Essential that the poster capture their attention
Blend between manuscript and oral
presentation
• Use content judiciously
E. Unni 9/29/2011
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5. Clarity & Simplicity
• Concise and neat layout
Keep the words to a minimum
• Busy attendees do not have time to read a lot
Use pictures, graphs, and diagrams
• But not in a distractive way
Main message should be clear and visible
• Resist the urge to fill voids with clutter that might
discourage attendees from approaching your poster
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6. Use phrases, not sentences
Use bullet points, not paragraphs
Avoid jargon and acronyms
Use consistent wording, especially
between text and visuals
Ensure that the content is self-
explanatory
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7. Ensure that the text is legible and
appealing
• Use the same type-font throughout the poster
Times New Roman or Arial is usually used
• Distinguish between headers and text
Size of font
Headers can be read from 5m and text can be read from 2m.
Type of font
Universal for headers
• Top to bottom & left to right reading
Logical sequence of presentation
• Softer colors (pastel or gray) as background
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9. Editing
• Proofread
Colleagues
People familiar with your topic
People not so familiar with your topic
• Spell check
Very very.. important
• Get feedback
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10. Components
• Title
Interesting – to capture attention of the audience
If too long, shorten it; do not reduce font size
• Authors
If too many authors, use last and first name
Omit middle initials & titles
Include academic affiliation
Omit city and state if there are too many authors & gives a
crowded look
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11. Components
• Introduction/background
Research gap
What is the research question?
Why is this research question important?
Should lead to the goals/objectives
• Methods
What was the strategy used?
Why was this strategy used?
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12. Components
• Results
The most important part of a poster
Do not assume everyone is an expert in your field
What are the results?
Use graphs, tables, and diagrams
Include only the most important & unique results
• Discussion/conclusion
Summary of findings in a sentence or two
How does your results compare with existing research?
What is the next step of the study?
E. Unni 9/29/2011
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13. Components
• References
Omit if possible
Include it in the handout
• Acknowledgements
Research partners, funding source
If space allows, provide your email ID or QRC
code, or a website where they can access the
poster
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14. Usually 3 to 4 columns
Either
• Equal distribution of columns
• Middle column wider than the other two columns
Depending on content
• Equal spacing between columns
• All the top headers on the same level
E. Unni 9/29/2011
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15. Know your poster and contents well
• Should be able to explain the complete poster in
3 to 5 minutes
Practice it and time it!
• Have a good opening sentence
Explains why your poster is important
Focus on the major question you are answering with
the study
• Explain your results & conclusions well and its
importance
What is the implication of your results?
In clinical application
In scientific world
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16. Presentation style
• Dress business casual/formals
• Eye contact
• Posture
• Speak slowly and clearly
Avoid jargons and acronyms
Remember, not everyone is an expert in your field
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17. Frame possible questions
• prepare answers
Listen to the question
• Wait until they finish the question
Answer the question
• Ask whether you answered their question
Have handouts with contact information
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20. Thermal and Mechanical Responses in TRPV1-/- Mice with Site Specific Expression of TRPV1
Graduate Program in Physical
Therapy & Rehabilitation
Science
Introduction Methods Results
NPG (Control) NPGTRPV1 Re-expression of TRPV1 in the skin of TRPV1-/- mice restoresTRPV1+/+-like
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a mechanical sensitivity
TK (UL23)
hCMV EGFP PATK (UL23)
Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation channel that is TK (UL23)
hCMV EGFP PATK (UL23)
8
Mechanical Response
8 Re-expression TRPV1 8 Re-expression TRPV1 8 Re-expression TRPV1 into
into Skin into Muscle Muscle and Skin
activated by both exogenous and endogenous TRPV1+/+ TRPV1-/-+TRPV1* TRPV1-/-+TRPV1 TRPV1-/-+TRPV1
TRPV1-/-
stimuli, including heat, low pH, anandamide, and ΔγL3 ΔγL3 6 6
TRPV1-/-+Control
6
TRPV1-/-+Control
6
TRPV1-/-+Control
capsaicin. TRPV1 channels are found in the central
4.5 4.5
Responses (0-10)
Responses (0-10)
Response (1-10)
Response (0-10)
ΔγL3 ΔγL3
4.5 4.5
IR-L IR-L
IR-S IR-S
and the peripheral nervous system and are involved IR-L IR-L
IR-S IR-S 4 4 4 4
in the transmission and modulation of pain, as well 10 10
10
as the integration of diverse painful stimuli. TRPV1
10
2 2 2 2
Force (mN)
Force (mN)
antagonists have shown efficacy in reducing
Force (mN)
Force (mN)
1 1
UL36 hCMV TRPV1 WPRE UL37 1 1
nociception from inflammatory and neuropathic Viral Constructs: NPG (Control) and NPGTRPV1 (TRPV1 re-expressing virus). These vectors do not express
0 0.1
0 0.1
0 0 0.1
animal models of pain.
0.1
TRPV1 consists of 6 transmembrane segments ICP34.5 (deletion) or thymidine kinase (TK, UL23, insertional inactivation). Expression of enhanced green fluorescent 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.4 0.7 1.6
and intracellular NH2- and COOH- termini. The protein (EGFP) is driven by the hCMV immediate-early enhancer-promoter. PA, polyadenylation signal; IR, internal log Force (mN) log Force (mN) log Force (mN) log Force (mN)
channel is organized as a tetramer of homo or repeat; L, long; S, short. NPGTRPV1 is similar to NPG and a cassette for expression of rat TRPV1 is inserted between
heteromeric subunits. Re-expression of TRPV1 in the skin of TRPV1-/- mice results in a significant decrease in the number of withdrawals
the UL36 and UL37 genes. This transcription cassette contains a woodchuck hepatitis virus element (WPRE) to enhance similar to that observed in naïve TRPV1+/+ mice, *, p<0.05, repeated ANOVA. Re-expression in the muscle or both
RNA stability and the hCMV enhancer-promoter. the skin and muscle has no effect on the number of withdrawals.
Re-expression of TRPV1: Re-expression of TRPV1 in muscle and skin in TRPV1-/- mice restores heat sensitivity
Purpose and Experimental Plan HSV viruses (NPG or NPGTRPV1) were injected in either A) Skin, B) Muscle, or C) Skin and
Re-expression of TRPV1 Re-expression of TRPV1 Re-expression of TRPV1
Muscle. In sets A and C, each mouse was injected intradermally into the left paw with 20µl of 25 Heat Stimulus
TRPV1+/+ (n=6)
25 into Skin 25 into Muscle 25 Into Muscle and Skin
virus (107PFU/µl). In sets B and C, each mouse was injected with 20µl of virus (107PFU/µl) in TRPV1-/- (n=6)
TRPV1-/-+TRPV1 (n=5)
TRPV1-/-+Control (n=7)
TRPV1-/-+TRPV1 (n=5) TRPV1-/-+TRPV1 (n=5)
In the present study, we examined if TRPV1 was a peripheral initiator of muscle inflammatory TRPV1-/-+Control (n=7) TRPV1-/-+Control (n=7)
20 20 20 20
the left gastrocnemius muscle. Animals were allowed to recover for 3-4 weeks before behavior
hyperalgesia. We hypothesized that removal of TRPV1 would have an effect on thermal but not experiments were performed. 15
* 15 15 15
PWL (s)
PWL (s)
PWL (s)
PWL (s)
mechanical hyperalgesia after the development of muscle inflammation. To test if TRPV1 in skin * *
or muscle was necessary for the development of thermal hyperalgesia, we re-introduced the Results 10 10 10 10
expression of TRPV1 by injecting recombinant HSV expressing TRPV1 into the skin, muscle, 5 5 5 5
and both skin and muscle of TRPV1-/- mice. Increased mechanical sensitivity and decreased heat sensitivity in TRPV1-/- Mice
8 0 0 0 0
Mechanical Response
115V 125V 135V 115V 125V 135V 115V 125V 135V 115V 125V 135V
TRPV1+/+ (n=15) 25 Heat Stimulus
Methods 6
TRPV1-/- (n=15) TRPV1+/+ (n=6)
TRPV1-/- (n=6) The number of withdrawals to repeated mechanical
Re-expression of TRPV1 in both the muscle and skin in TRPV1-/- mice results in a significant decrease in the
withdrawal latency to high intensity heat stimuli *, p=0.04, one-way ANOVA. Re-expression singly in either the skin or
20 stimulation was significantly increased in TRPV1-/- mice the muscle has no effect on the withdrawal latency.
Response (1-10)
compared to TRPV1+/+ mice. However, mechanical
Animals: thresholds were similar between groups (inset). The latency Re-expression of TRPV1 in muscle and skin in TRPVI-/- mice restores
15
*
PWL (s)
4 to high intensity thermal stimuli was increased in TRPV1-/-
All animal experiments were approved by the University of Iowa Animal Care and Use * heat hyperalgesia after muscle inflammation
10 mice when compared to TRPV1+/+ mice, *, p<0.05.
10
Committee and were conducted in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines. 120 TRPV1-/-+TRPV1
2 TRPV1-/-+Control
Force (mN)
Congenic TRPV1-/- on a C57Bl/6 background and C57Bl/6 (WT) mice were bred at the 1
5
110
University of Iowa Animal Care Facility. Male mice, 6-10 weeks of age, were used in these Re-expression of TRPV1 in both the muscle and skin in
100
Percent Baseline
TRPV1-/- mice restores the heat hyperalgesia (125V)
studies. 0 0.1
0 90 induced by carrageenan-induced muscle inflammation. Re-
0.4 0.7 1.6 115V 125V 135V
expression singly in either the skin or the muscle has no
Induction of Inflammation:
log Force (mN)
80
* effect on restoring the decreased withdrawal latency
Loss of heat, but not mechanical hyperalgesia in TRPV1-/- mice with muscle inflammation 70 produced by carrageenan-induced muscle inflammation. *,
Mice were briefly anesthetized with 4% isofluorane and the left gastrocnemius muscle was 60
p=0.01, one-way ANOVA.
injected with 20 μl of 3% carrageenan. Behavior measurements were made before and 24, 48, TRPV1+/+, Ipsilateral (n=15) 18
TRPV1+/+,Ipsilateral (n=15)
TRPV1+/+,Contralateral (n=15) 50
72 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks after carrageenan injection. In the re-expresssion experiments, 5 TRPV1+/+, Contralateral (n=15) TRPV1-/-, Ipsilateral (n=15) Skin Muscle Muscle
TRPV1-/-, Ipsilateral (n=15) TRPV1-/-, Contralateral (n=15) and
behavior measurements were made before and 24 hours after carrageenan injection. TRPV1-/-, Contralateral (n=15)
16
Skin
4
*** * * 14
Summary and Conclusions
Responses (0-5)
PWL (s)
Behavioral Testing: 3
* * * * 12
Mechanical sensitivity was tested bilaterally by assessing the number of responses to 2 * ** * * * 10 • TRPV1-/- mice show a higher level of baseline mechanical sensitivity of the paw than
repeated application of von Frey filaments (0.4mN, 0.7mN, and 1.6mN) to the plantar surface of ** * * WT mice; re-expression of TRPV1 in the skin restores normal mechanical sensitivity.
1
the paw. The number of withdrawals out of 5 was assessed in 10 trials and an average of all 10 8
* * * • TRPV1-/- mice show a lower level of baseline heat sensitivity than WT mice; re-expression
trials was determined for each time period. An increase in the number of responses was 0 6 *
interpreted as increased mechanical sensitivity of the paw. Base 72h 1wk 2wk Base 72h 1wk 2wk of TRPV1 in the muscle and the skin restores normal heat sensitivity.
The number of withdrawals to repeated mechanical stimulation (0.4 mN) was significantly increased after carrageenan-
Thermal sensitivity was tested bilaterally by exposing the plantar surface of the paw to radiant induced muscle inflammation in both TRPV1-/- mice and TRPV1+/+ mice, *, p<0.05, repeated ANOVA. However, the
heat with thermal intensities corresponding to 125, 135, and 145V and recording the time in sec latency to heat (125V) was unchanged after muscle inflammation in TRPV1-/- mice compared to decreases observed in • WT and TRPV1-/- mice develop a similar increase in mechanical sensitivity of the paw after
TRPV1+/+ mice, *, p<0.01, paired t-test from baseline. muscle inflammation.
until withdrawal. Withdrawal times are expressed as an average of 3 trials per paw.
Increased expressions of TRPV1 mRNA in DRGs of TRPV1-/- mice injected with
Quantitative RT-PCR: HSV-1 expressing TRPV1 in skin, muscle, or skin and muscle • TRPV1-/- mice do not develop heat hyperalgesia after muscle inflammation; re-expression of
500 TRPV1 in muscle and skin restores the heat hyperalgesia induced by muscle inflammation.
TRPV1 expression (arbitrary units)
RNA was purified from ipsilateral and contralateral L4, L5, and L6 DRGs using the Trizol
reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). First strand cDNA was synthesized from 0.2-1µg of each 400 Skin
Muscle Quantitative PCR shows that injection of HSV-1 expressing
• TRPV1 expression in the skin and muscle play distinct roles in the development of
RNA sample using VILO reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Taqman PCR was 300
Skin + Muscle
TRPV1 into TRPV1-/- mice results in expression of rat TRPV1 mechanical and heat sensitivity and response to inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia.
carried out using an ABI prism 7900 sequence detector on cDNA samples (University of Iowa, mRNA in DRG 4 weeks after injection. The increases are
DNA Facility, Iowa City, IA). Reactions were carried out for 40 cycles in triplicate. Rat TRPV1 200
observed only on the side of injection and not on the
contralateral side, Indicating new expression of TRPV1 in
• TRPV1 plays a role in the responsiveness of cutaneous nociceptors to mechanical
(Rn01460299_m1), and the mouse control assay for glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase TRPV1-/- mice. Data represent means ± SEM; n=5-7 for all stimulation as well as to high intensity heat stimuli.
100
(GAPDH) were obtained from Applied Biosystems, Inc. (Foster City, CA). Quantitative RT-PCR sets.
data were normalized with GAPDH mRNA levels. 0 • TRPV1 expression in the skin and muscle is necessary for the restoration of heat
sensitivity in TRPV1-/- mice. This suggests that TRPV1 is both a pH sensor in the
ra
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si
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muscle and a heat sensor in the skin.
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Supported by National Institutes of Health AR053509 and AR053509-S1.
Too much text and too many results!
E. Unni 9/29/2011
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29. THE β4 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR SUBUNIT MODULATES THE ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTION OF BUPROPION
1Radhakrishnan, R., 2DeBiasi, M., and 3Arias, H.R
1College
of Pharmacy, University of Southern Nevada, South Jordan, UT.,
2Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX., 3College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ.
Background Results Results
Bupropion (BP) is an
antidepressant drug used
also as a smoking * *
cessation agent. *
Bupropion * * *
BP is a noncompetitive inhibitor of several
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). *
*
AChR inhibition could be involved in the
antidepressant and anti-nicotinic activity of BP.
Aims
To determine the acute and chronic antidepressant
effects of BP, and the withdrawal effects after
chronic administration in male and female wild-type
(β4+/+) and knockout (β4-/-) mice using the forced
swim test. * *
Methods * *
β4 subunit of AChR is absent in * * *
(β4-/-) mice and hence the
receptor is assumed to be *
dysfunctional. Wild-type (β4+/+)
and KO (β4-/-) mice were
Bullet separated by sex, and then
injected (i.p.) with saline (0.9%
points in NaCl; control) or BP (40 mg/kg)
i) Acute treatment increased the antidepressant effect of
every day for two weeks. To
methods determine the acute and chronic Ref: Cryan et al., Trends Pharmacol Sci.,.23 (5),2002.
effects of BP, forced swimming
BP in all mice types. However the kinetics in β4-/- mice
was faster than in β4+/+ mice.
section tests were performed on the
1st day at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after the
ii) The antidepressant effect after chronic treatment was
seen only in the male and female β4+/+ mice, not in β4-/-
Conclusions
mice . The β4 subunit plays a modulatory role in:
injection, and after two weeks of treatment, • the acute antidepressant effect of BP
respectively. To determine the withdrawal effect, iii) Only male β4+/+ mice showed significant antidepressant
• the chronic antidepressant effect of BP
• the residual effect after withdrawal of chronic BP
forced swimming tests were performed on the 1st effect compared to control mice after 1 week withdrawal.
and the 2nd weeks after chronic treatment. BP may affect males and females differently.
A good example of a basic science research poster
E. Unni 9/29/2011
29
30. A good example of a clinical poster
E. Unni 9/29/2011
30
