This document discusses strategies for communicating nursing research findings. It emphasizes that a research process is not complete until findings are disseminated. Communicating results is important for evidence-based practice and building the nursing knowledge base. Strategies include oral presentations at conferences and written reports in journals, books, newsletters and online. The document provides guidance on preparing research reports, abstracts, and oral or poster presentations to effectively communicate nursing research.
2. • A research process cannot be
considered complete until its report
has been written and disseminated
(Rose Marie Nieswiadomy, 2008)
• Nursing is concerned about the
quality of its research generated
knowledge base.
• Failure to communicate study
findings is a form of scientific
misconduct. (Winslow, 1996).
3. Communication
of Research
findings
• Research not published is research not done
• The goal of research is to generate sound scientific
knowledge and disseminate its findings for
evidence-based practice
• Communication of research findings is the last
formal step in the research process, but it is the
most important phase of research – the utilization
of research findings.
• Moral accountability to share the findings with
others ( Resources used)
4. Purposes of
Communication of
Research
Builds the body of knowledge
Useful to improve the practices
Help the new researchers to plan their research
more effectively
Helps in policy making
Source of ROL
5. Strategies for communicating research findings
NURSES:
a. Presentations
1. Nursing research conferences
2. Clinical practice conferences and meetings
3. Videotaped and audio taped presentations from conferences and meetings.
4. In-service education programs
5. research committee & journal club.
6. Contd….
b. Written reports
• Research publication in professional journals
• Research publications in books
• Monographs from research and clinical
conferences and meetings
• Theses and dissertations
• Nursing research newsletter
• Outlets on the internet
7. Contd…..
b. HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS:
Presentations
• Professional conferences and meetings in other
disciplines
• Interdisciplinary team meetings
Written reports
• Research publications in professional journals
and books in other disciplines.
• Interdisciplinary research newsletter
8. Contd…
c. POLICY MAKERS:
Presentations
• Presentations on health problems to state
and federal legislators
Written reports
• Research reports developed for legislators
• Research reports published by funding
agencies
• Electronic databases (WHO, GOI..)
• Agency for health care policy and research
(AHCPR) clinical practice guidelines.
9. Contd…
d. HEALTH CARE CONSUMERS:
Presentations
• television and radio
• community meetings
• patient and family teaching
Written reports
• Newspaper
• News and popular magazines,
• Electronic databases
14. 1. Written Communication of Reports
Purpose
Communicating research findings & assess the students ability to perform scholarly work.
15. 1.THESES AND DISSERTATIONS: Pages- 150-250, double spaced
• Theses are concerned with testing
existing theory.
• The thesis is a project that marks the
end of a master's program
• A thesis is a compilation of research
that proves you are knowledgeable
about the information learned
throughout the graduate program
• Dissertations focus on refining existing
theories or generating new theories.
• Dissertation occurs during doctoral study
• A dissertation is the opportunity during a
doctorate program to contribute new
knowledge, theories or practices to the
field. To come up with an entirely new
concept, develop it and defend its worth.
Thesis & Dissertation are means of communication to fulfill educational requirements.
16. 2. JOURNAL ARTICLE:
• Progress in nursing research
depends on researcher's efforts to
share their work with others.
• It contains main body of research,
but articles are much shorter
• 10-15 pages
17. Preparing a research report
Introduction chapter should contain
Research problem
Significance of the problem
The context in which the problem
is selected to study.
18. Preparing a research report
“Method section” : should contain detailed description of the research methods
“Result Section”: should contain statistical analyses, summarized in Tables and Graphs.
“Discussion Section” should contain:
•Main Findings
•Interpretation findings and inferences
•Evidences to support the findings if not justification for the findings
•Comparison of results with prior knowledge on the topic
•Conclusion, implications and recommendations
19. Preparing an abstract
An abstract is the summary of a study that the researcher wishes to present at a
conference.
Abstract should contain,
Purpose, Research questions or Hypothesis, Design, Methodology, Main findings,
and Conclusions (with limited words)
20. Advantages of written reports:
• Best methods of dissemination
• Has the potential to reach the largest percentage of consumers
• Publication is the medium of sharing the knowledge
• Remains permanent
• Easy to conduct further researches
22. 2.Oral reports
Presentation at professional conferences:
• Scientific paper- Oral presentations: abstract of 500-1000 words
• Duration 15-30 min
• Poster presentation:
• Suitable for the beginners
23. 1.Oral presentation: Paper presentation
• The word “paper” is used because the report of the study has been
written out on paper.
• Co-author may also present the paper
• Paper gets published in conference proceedings.
• 15-30 minutes is usually allotted to present
• Research process is presented chronologically. Some may present
findings first.
• Paper gets accepted if it matches the theme of the conference
24. Contd…
• Review of literature is not usually discussed in detail.
• Conference organizers distribute evaluation sheets and the audience
rate.
25. Advantages : Oral reports
• Helps in immediate dissemination of current findings than publishing
• Audience can interact with researcher and clarify doubts
Avoid duplication of presentation of your research: Published
articles should never be presented
- Presented papers can always be published
26. General Guidelines
• Professional appearance – wear the right clothes (neat, formal, comfortable)
• Art of communication
• Knowledge of the podium and the facilities
• Do not put all the text on the screen and read it off
• Always ensure that the support material is of exceptional quality.
• Don’t use irrelevant support material
• Don’t ever be apologetic
• Refrain from irritating manners
• When you have a graph on a slide, explain the axes and indicate what you are talking about.
27. Contd…
• Stick to the time limitation. A rule of thumb is that 1 minute should be allocated per slide
(excludes title slide and thank you slide)
• Before presenting practice, practice, practice. Be sure you can pronounce unfamiliar words.
• If possible project your presentation in a large room to see that colours project as they
should.
• Use the speakers preview room to see that formatting did not change.
• Check compatibility between Mac and other word processors.
• If the Chairperson introduces you and gives the title of your presentation -do not repeat.
• Make sure you have two copies of your talk or email it to yourself or place it in Dropbox
28. • Voice modulation is important
• Avoid speaking too hurriedly
• Be mobile while presenting
29. Power Point Guidelines
• Use lower case lettering: reads faster and takes up less space.
• Titles should preferably be placed on the left, rather than in the middle, because our
eyes are accustomed to read from left to right.
• Use only one background colour throughout the presentation.
• Use the same font size for headings on different slides. (headings is 32 and other text-
24)
• Use a font that is plain and will reflect clearly e.g. Arial/Times roman
• Make sure that the contrast between the background and the text colour is good – use
dark colours on a light background and light colours on a dark background.
30. • Preferably do not use red and green together as colour blind people will not be
able to read the writing.
• Rule of thumb is 5 lines, each with 5 words per slide. Do not have full sentences.
• Include a slide with an appropriate picture or graph for every 5th slide.
• Make use of pictures, graphs, flow charts etc.
• Beware of setting a fixed time to slide before it automatically goes on.
31. 10 Rules for Best presentation
1. Talk to the audience
2. Less is more
3. Only talk when you have something to say: Be sure you have
a substantial amount of data that is meaningful.
4. Make the take-home message pertinent
5. Be logical
6. Treat the floor as a stage
7. Practice and time your presentation
8. Use visuals sparingly but effectively: Visuals should support
what you are saying.
9. Review audio and/or videos of your presentations: These can
give problems.
10. Provide appropriate acknowledgements: Can use logos if too
many.
Remember that it
takes the audience
15 seconds to
decide whether
your presentation
is worth their
attention.
32. BEFORE PRESENTING
• Introduce yourself to the chair
• Make sure that your talk is loaded in the timeslot provided.
• Be on time and stay the entire session.
• Respect the chair’s time cues.
• If you do not understand a question, ask for it to be repeated.
33. 2. Oral presentation: Presenting a research poster
-A poster is a static, visual medium containing texts, graphics, tables and
photos
- Posters are displayed throughout the conference
- Size of the poster will be as suggested by the organisers of
conference
- Types: Traditional (Printed form) and e poster( Digital presentation)
34. Oral presentation: Presenting a research poster
Developing the content:
• Title
• Collaborators and their institutional affiliations: The order that you list the
authors on the project matters a great deal.
• Abstract/Introduction : An abstract is the summary of your research project.
• Background/literature review
• Research question(s)
35. Contd..
• Materials and methods: data sources, study setting, study design, sample profile,
data collection. Use visual aids to summarize information.
• What measure did you use? What sample did you use? • Were there any
manipulations, comparisons, or correlations of interest? • What are the strengths and
limitations of your methodology?
• Results • What were the outcomes of your research? You can express results
quantitatively or qualitatively.
• Discussion and conclusion • What are the broader implications of your research
and/or findings? • Why should we care about this research project? What might
future research look like?
• Did your research leave unanswered questions that could be explored in the
future?
36. Contd…
• Acknowledgements: funding source(s) and acknowledge help from
others
• Contact information
• Visual aids : use graphics and images to communicate information
Should relate to main points and conclusions, should give people a
break from the text .
• Craft the Take-Away Message
• References
37. Criteria for Poster preparation
• Short
• 250 words
• Arouse readers interest
• Few major points, less is best
• Size----find out( standard size- 36 x48 inches, landscape/portrait layout)
• Text has to be read from the distance(6feet), eye catching
• More focus on why, How and What
• Title: Bold, No capitals
• Name of the authors below the title
38. Contd..
• Conclusion: upper left hand corner or bottom
• Photos: JPEG, No web images(at least 300 ppi/dpi)
• Funding acknowledgements: bottom right side
• Colour schemes: 2-3 , not more
• Text size: title- 85 pt, Author name- 56, subheading- 36, body- 24
• Dark typing, light colour background
• Edit, edit, edit and Evaluate
• Print out a letter size draft to check
• Prepare: 3-5 min verbal explanation
• Self directional: Use devices—arrows, numbers, letters– to help the reader know where to
start and what order to read it in. (left/right)(better processing of information)
39. Contd…
• Know your audience : To choose the language level(simple),
• No use of more than 2 font styles
• Title and subheadings should be readable from 5-6 feet away(ARIAL more than 24 pt)
• Every graphics should have captions, italics and 18pt
• 10 min to impress the audience: If all text is kept to a minimum (1000 words), a
person should fully read your poster in less than 10 minutes.
• Text should be broken up by including graphics or photos.
• 30%text, 50% graphics and 20% empty space
• Avoid using jargon, acronyms, or unusual abbreviations.
• Check that there are no spelling mistakes
• Poster hand out
40. • Color to create contrast: remember that some people cannot distinguish between
certain colors, such as red and green.
• White Space: Divide the sections of your poster logically by using empty, white
space.
41. Tips for poster presentation
• Be Yourself
• Be Prepared and Engage the Audience
• High Volume, Slow Speed, and No Fillers (like um, uh, and like).
• keep it up for the scheduled duration
• Be at your poster during poster viewing times.
• If you decide not to attend the conference withdraw your poster in a timely manner.
• A poster presentation should basically include the formal scientific part on the poster
42. The Effective lay out is
There is no incorrect layout!
1. TITLE
2. INTRODUCTION 4. DISCUSSION
3. METHODS 5. CONCLUSION
43.
44. Title:
Title should be in large fonts (e.g. Arial >80 points) and attract potential viewers. If
possible, institute logos or affiliations should be minimised in size and put in the lower
corner of the poster, or alternatively, next to the title.
Introduction:
Get your viewer interested about the issue or question Put the objectives of your study at
the end of your introduction.
Methods:
Be short, but precise. State what study design you used and define your study population.
45. Results:
• Present data that more specifically addresses the hypothesis and refer to
supporting charts or images.
• Tables and graphs should stand on their own.
• A minimal amount of text materials should supplement the graphic materials.
• Graphic materials should be readable at a distance of 1.5-2.0 metres.
46. Conclusion and Recommendations:
• Comment on main results and discuss why they are conclusive and interesting.
• Discuss potential biases. What are your recommendations?
Acknowledgments/further information: Thank individuals for specific contributions
to project; mention who has provided funding.
• Provide your e-mail address for further information.
References:
Research reports give a list of references cited in the text, using a reference style of
either Vancouver, Campbell or APA.
47. Review Questions
• Does my poster have enough white space?
• Are the text and graphics legible?
• Is the flow of information logical?
• Can I identify research questions?
• Can I identify research methods?
• Can I identify a take-home message or conclusion?
• Have I clearly provided my contact information?
• Have I provided the proper acknowledgements?
• Have I shown the poster to my co-authors and/or faculty supervisor?
49. Characteristics of communicating research report
Conciseness
• It saves the reader’s time
Clarity
• It should help the reader to
understand the results
• Free from ambiguity
• Grammatically correct
• No abbreviations
Honesty
• Necessary to maintain the respect of the
researcher
Completeness
• Enables the reader to evaluate the study
Well organized
• Should follow proper sequence
• Reliable
50. Accuracy
• Being free of error
• Must be long enough to cover the subject's content and short enough to maintain
interest among the users and consumers
• Abstract terms to be avoided
• Written logically
• Visually attractive
• Reflect its originality
• Coherent : every part of the research report should be linked
• Self explanatory
