This document discusses post-natal growth and development. It covers several theories of growth, factors that affect growth, concepts of growth including growth spurts, and methods used to study growth. It also provides details on post-natal growth of specific areas like the cranial vault, cranial base, nasomaxillary complex, and mandible. Growth occurs through processes like endochondral and intramembranous bone formation, cortical drift, remodeling, and displacement at sutures and joints.

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2. Post Natal Growth And Development
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3. Contents:
Introduction
Factors affecting growth
Mechanism
Theories
Post natal growth
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4. Growth:
Change in any morphological parameter which is
measurable.(Moss)
Development:
Progress towards maturity(todd)
All the naturally occuring unidirectional changes in
the life of an individual from its existence as a single
cell to its eloboration as a multifunctional unit
terminating in death.(Moyers)
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5. Theories Of Growth:
Genetic Theory
Sutural Theory
Cartilagenous Theory
Functional Matrix Theory
Van Limborgh’s Theory
Enlows Expanding ‘V’principal
Enlow’s Couterpart Principal
Neurotropic Process In Orofacial Growth
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6.  Genetic Theory
Van Limborgh’s Theory
Intrinsic genetic factors
Local,general epigenetic
factors
Local,general environmental
factors
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7. Sutural Theory
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8. Cartilaginous Theory(Scott)
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9. Functional matrix theory(Melvin Moss)
Relation between form and fuction
 skeletal unit-microskeletal unit
-macroskeletal
unit(endocranial surface of calvarium)
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11. Enlows Expanding ‘V’principal
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12. Enlow’s Couterpart Principal
Neurotropic Process In Orofacial Growth
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13. Factors affectig physical growth:
Genetic
Nutrition
Socio economis factors
Family size and birth order
Psychological disturbances
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14. Concepts of growth:
Concept of normality
Rhythm of growth(Hooton)
Growth spurts
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15. a) Just before birth
b) One year after birth
c) mixed dentition growth spurt
Boys: 8 to 11 years
Girls: 7 to 9 years
d) Adolescent growth spurt
Boys: 14 to 16 years
Girls: 11 to 13 years
Growth Spurts
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16. Differential Growth:
Scammon’s Curve Of Growth
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18. Methods Of Studying Growth:
Bimetric Tests
Vital Staining(Belchier)
Radio Isotopes
Implants
Radiographic Techniques
Natural Markers
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19. Vital staining:
Madder plants stain red-alizarin
Alizarin red
Acid alizarin blue
Trypton blue
Tetracycline
Lead acetate
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20. Radioisotopes:
Technetium-33
Calcium-45
Potassium-32
Implants:(Bjork):
1.5mm in Length ,0.5mm
in diameter-Tantalum
metal
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21. Natural markers:
Nutrient canals
Lines of arrested growth
Prominent trabeculae
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22. Mechanisms of bone growth:
Bone deposition and resorption
Cortical drift
Displacement-primary displacement
-Secondary displacement
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25. Osteogenesis:
Endochondral Bone Formation
Intra Membranous Bone Formation
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26. Post natal growth of cranial vault
Post natal growth of cranial base
Post natal growth of nasomaxillary complex
Post natal growth of mandible
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27. Post Natal Growth Of Cranial Vault
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28. Increases in size at sutures:
Coronal
Lamboidal
Interparietal
parietosphenoidaaal
Parietotemporal
Height of bone-
Activity of –
Occipital
Temporal
sphenoidal
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29. Percentage of growth:
Birth-63%
6 months-76%
1 year-82%
2 years-87%
3 years-89%
5 years-91%
10 years-95%
15 years-98%
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30. Post Natal Growth Of Cranial Base
Cortical Drift And Remodeling
Elongation At Synchondroses
Sutural Growth
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33. Sutural Growth:
Spheno-frontal
Fronto-temporal
Spheno-ethmoidal
Fronto-ethomoidal
Fronto-zygomatic
Timing of cranial base growth:
Birth-55to60%
4-7years:94%
8-13years-98%
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34. Post Natal Growth Of Nasomaxillary Complex
Displacement
Growth At Sutures
Surface Remodeling
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35. Bone Remodelling At Midfacial Region
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36.  Bone Remodeling Of Palate
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37. Bone Remodeling Of Zygomatic Process
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39. Changes with compensations for passive
motions by primary expansion of orofacial
capsule
Changes in bone morphology-alterations in
volume size shape or spatial position
Bone changes associated-form of bone itself
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40. Post natal growth of mandible:
Ramus
Corpus or the body of the mandile
Angle of the mandible
The lingual tuberosity
The alveolar process
The chin
The condyle
The coronoid process
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41. POST NATAL DEVELOPMENT OF MANDIBLE
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42. Growth of ramus
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43. Growth of corpus or body of the mandible
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44.  Linear tuberosity:
 Deposition-posteriorly and medially
 Resorption –below lingual fossa
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45. Chin :
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46. Coronoid process:
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47. Referrences:
Text book of orthodontics-Bishara.P,samir.E
Craniofacial embryogenetics and development-Sperber
Orthodontics current principles and techniques-graber
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