Guava processing

1. Dr. R. T. Patil
Director,
Central Institute of Post Harvest
Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana
Post Harvest Management and Value
Addition of Guava

2. Production & Post Harvest Scenario
•Agriculture contributes about 17.5% of GDP,
employees 57% workforce and sustains approx
over 70% of the population
•India produces about 230 million tons of food
grains and 53.1 and 91.6 million tons of fruits
and vegetables and ranks second in world
•Low level of processing of fruits and vegetables
at only 2% .
•Food processing is employment intensive,
creates 1.8 jobs directly and 6.4 indirectly for
every US$ 25000 investment

3. Reasons for Losses
1. Handling of raw produce through many stages of
middlemen.
2. Processing is mostly controlled by urban rather than rural
entrepreneurs which leads to losses in valuable by
products.
3. Non availability of adequate and efficient equipment and
machinery to be used in catchment areas.
4. Low level of entrepreneurial urge in rural areas due to
constraints of finance, assured market and proper training
on technology
5. On the whole, there exists a fragmented and inefficient
value chain
Higher the Value Addition Better the PH
Management and Lower Will Be Losses

4. Nutritive Value of Guava
Constitients Guava Apple
Moisture (%) 81.7 84.6
Protein (g) 0.9 0.2
Fat (g) 0.5 0.3
Carbohydrates (g) 13.4 11.2
Fiber (g) 5.2 1.0
Energy (k cal) 57 59
Calcium (mg) 10 10
Phosphorus (mg) 28 14
Iron (mg) 0.3 0.7
Thiamin (mg) 0.03 -
Riboflavin(g) 0.3 0.01
Niacin(g) 0.4 0.2
Vitamin C (g) 200-300 1.0

5. Health Benefits of Guava
Diarrhea & Dysentery: Guava is very rich in astringents which binds up loose bowels in
diarrhea. These astringents are alkaline in nature and have disinfectant and anti-bacterial
properties, thus help cure dysentery by inhibiting microbial growth and removing extra
mucus from the intestines. Further, other nutrients in guava, such as vitamin-C,
Carotenoids and potassium strengthens and tones up the digestive system and disinfect
it. Guava is also beneficial in gastroenteritis.
Cough & Cold: Juice of raw and immature guavas or decoction of guava-leaves is very
helpful in giving relief in cough and cold by loosening cough, reducing mucus, disinfecting
the respiratory tract, throat and lungs and inhibiting microbial activity due to its astringent
properties. In some areas, roasted ripe guava is used as a remedy against extreme cases
of cough and cold and congestion.
Skin Care: Guavas can help improve your skin texture and avoid skin problems more
than the best of beauty creams or skin toner gels can do. This is chiefly due to the
abundance of astringents in its fruits (more in immature ones) and in leaves. You can
benefit from it either by eating the fruits (this help tighten your muscles apart from your
skin) or by washing your skin with the decoction of its immature fruits and leaves. It will
tone up and tighten the loosened skin. In addition to the astringents, guava is very-very
rich in vitamin-A, B, C and potassium which are very good anti oxidants and detoxifiers
and keep your skin glowing and free from aging, wrinkles and other disorders.

6. Health Benefits of Guava
High Blood Pressure: Guava helps reduce cholesterol in blood and prevents it from
thickening, thereby maintaining fluidity of blood and reducing blood pressure. Guava,
being very rich in fiber and hypoglycemic in nature, helps reduce blood pressure.
Weight Loss: Guava is very helpful for those who want to lose weight without
compromising with their intake of proteins, vitamins and fiber. Guava, being very high in
roughage and very rich in vitamins, proteins and minerals, but with no cholesterol and
less digestible carbohydrates, is very filling and satisfies appetite very easily. Just have a
medium sized guava in the lunch and you will not feel hungry till night. But ironically, it
helps gaining weight in lean and thin people. This is probably due to its richness in
nutrients, which keeps your metabolism right helping proper absorption of nutrients.
Scurvy: Guava can outdo many other fruits, including orange and other citrus fruits,
when it comes to concentration of vitamin-C, whose deficiency causes scurvy and which
is the only remedy to it. It contains five times the vitamin-C in oranges.
Cures Constipation: Experts suggest that guava is rich in dietary fiber and its seeds
serve as natural laxatives. This property can promote digestion, frequent bowel
movements and effective peristaltic movement of our colon. These can help in relieving
constipation.
Promotes Gum and Tooth Health: It is believed that the presence of vitamin C in guava
can promote gum health by serving as an antioxidant. This property can repair the
damaged connective fibers and can regenerate bone damage caused due to gum
disease such as gingivitis. In addition, the astringent property of guava along with calcium
can promote stronger gums and firm teeth.

7. Unit Operations in Post Harvest
Management
Fruits and Vegetables
•Preharvest treatment
•Harvesting at Maturity
•Safe harvesting
•Pre cooling & washing
•Surface drying
•Cool/cold storage
•Safe transport
•Safe handling

8. Maturity Indices for Guava
•Skin color is a good indicator to adjudge the maturity and
ripeness of guava.
•Mature-green to partial ripe stage (color change from dark-
to light-green) for distant marketing and
•Firm-yellow to half-ripe (softer) stage for local market.
•Late harvesting of ripened fruit can lead to high incidence of
fruit fly infestation
•Immature-green guavas do not ripen properly and develop
'gummy' texture.
•Ethylene at 100 ppm for 1-2 days can accelerate ripening of
mature-green guavas to full-yellow stage at 15-20°C and 90-
95% relative humidity. This treatment results in more uniform
ripening, which is more important for guavas destined for
processing

9. Polymeric Film Packaging of Guava
•Individual shrink-wrap
packaging is a new technique
for post harvest handling of
fruits like guava.
•Use of polysaccharides and
lipid based edible waxes for
skin coatings
•CIPHET has optimized the
shrink wrap packaging of guava
and it can be successfully
stored for 12 days under
ambient condition as against 5-
7 days of unwrapped ones.

10. Insect Control in Stored Guava
•Guavas are a preferred host for
fruit flies and must be treated for
disinfestations for exports.
•One of the insect control
treatments is hot water treatment
which is very popular world wide for
control of fruit fly - immersing the
fruit in 46°C water for 35 minutes or
exposed to hot air at 49°C for 20
minutes.
•Another potential insect control
treatment is irradiation at 0.15-0.30
kGy.

11. Storage of Guava
•Spoilage of guava increases two to
three-fold with every 10 °C increase in
temperature.
•Mature green fruit can be successfully
stored for 2-3 weeks at 8-10oC while
fully ripe fruit can only be stored for one
week at 5-8oC with 90-95 % relative
humidity.
•Chilling injury is major problems for the
fruit maintained at low temperature for
longer period
•Characterized by failure of mature-
green or partially-ripe guavas to ripen,
•Increased decay incidence and
severity upon transfer to higher
temperatures.
•Fully-ripe guavas are less sensitive to
chilling injury and can be kept for up to
a week at 5°C.

12. Guava Corer cum Slicer

13. Value Added Products-Guava Bar
• Guava is perishable in nature
and cannot be stored for
more than two days during
peak season.
• Guava can be processed into
a number of products like
fruits bar and beverage
• Fruits, which are rich in
nutrients can be blended to
improve its acceptability and
flavor
• Guava bar acceptable even
after 6 month of storage
Composition: Moisture: 15%, Vitamin C: 120 mg/100g, Acidity:
1.08%, Reducing sugar: 14%, Non-reducing sugar: 46%, Weight
of each bar: 5-10 g, KSM: 0.2%

14. Osmo-air dried guava rings/slices
4 mm6 mm8 mm
Prepared by osmo-air dehydration process
It results in self stable food i.e. product did
not require any refrigeration for storage
The product retains all the nutrients of fresh
fruit with negligible loss of natural solids
during this process
Product can be stored for two months in poly
pack and more than six month in MPP
pouches

15. Selection of fruit
Sorting
Washing
Slicing
Decoring
Blanching
Draining of slices Cabinet drying
Packing and storage
Osmotic treatment
Osmo-air dehydration of guava ring

16. Guava RTS
Whey+ Guava
Whey RTS
Whey based guava RTS beverages
Ready-to-serve guava beverages
Prepared by mixing milk whey,
pulp, sugar and citric acid.
Whey contains 50 % milk solid
which is just going waste
Whey based guava beverage is
cheaper and more nutritious than
plain guava RTS
 Whey beverages required 8 %
sugar while pure guava beverages
have the similar tendency with 12
% sugar.
Whey based RTS beverages can
be stored for four months under
ambient condition as against only
two months for pure guava
beverages.

17. By Product Utilisation-Guava Seeds
•The guava seed proteins have been reported to be a
suitable ingredient in food for human and animal
consumption (Bernardino et. al 2001).
•The guava seed is composition 7.1 protein, 12.4% fat, 1.5
ash. 72.3% crude fiber and 6.7% carbohydrates.
•The total protein shows that a large proportion of the
protein content (86-90%), corresponding to the glutelin
fraction, is obtained as insoluble residue.
•The remaining proteins (14%) are distributed into globulins
(10%) and albumins and prolamins (2% each one).
•The percent distribution of protein fractions is very similar
to that of rice.

18. Entrepreneurship Development Programme at CIPHET Abohar