Portal Hypertension Surgery in Chennai | Hypertension Treatment in India
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Portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure within the portal venous system, which can lead to enlarged veins and gastrointestinal bleeding. It is commonly caused by liver cirrhosis or scarring. Other potential causes include blood clots or abnormalities in the portal vein. Symptoms of portal hypertension include ascites, enlarged spleen, and liver dysfunction.
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Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is defined as elevated portal pressure above 10-12 mm Hg. It is classified as pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic, or post-hepatic based on the location of blockage. Common causes include liver cirrhosis and blockages in the portal vein. Clinical features include upper GI bleeding, splenomegaly, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Management involves treating acute bleeding episodes endoscopically and use of beta-blockers for prevention, along with diuretics and paracentesis for ascites. More advanced treatments include TIPSS, surgical shunting, and liver transplantation.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is caused by increased vascular resistance and blood flow and can result from cirrhosis, vascular diseases, or other conditions. It leads to complications like ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment involves general measures, variceal treatment including banding, TIPS procedure, and in some cases transplantation. Ascites is treated with paracentesis and diuretics along with albumin to prevent renal failure.
Mellss yr5 surgery portal hypertension intro
regarding antomy, physiology and pathophysiology of portal hypertension
not about its features or managemnt
Portal Hypertension
Portal hypertension syndrome is characterized by increased pressure in the portal vein system due to obstructed blood flow out of the liver. The causes of obstructed blood flow can be divided into intrahepatic, subhepatic, and prehepatic blocks. Clinical features include collateral vein circulation around the liver, ascites, and splenomegaly. Ascites and hepatic encephalopathy are also signs of hepatocellular failure, where all liver functions are disrupted. Cholestasis syndrome results from obstructed bile flow and causes jaundice, itching, and fat malabsorption.
Portal Hypertension
The portal vein is formed by the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It drains blood from the intestines, pancreas, colon and rectum. Blood from the portal and hepatic arteries mixes in the liver sinusoids before draining into the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. Portal hypertension occurs when pressure increases due to increased resistance in the liver from cirrhosis and increased blood flow. It can cause ascites, variceal bleeding, and other complications.
1. portal hypertension converted
Here are the revisions to the document:
1. Normal portal venous pressure is less than 5 mm Hg.
2. Oesophageal balloon used to achieve temporary haemostasis is Sengstaken-Blakemore tube.
3. TIPSS stands for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
4. Median GCS score in hepatic coma is below 8.
5. Diet recommended for hepatic coma is low in protein and sodium.
Portal Hypertension Mechanisms Pathophysiology by Dr. Aryan
This document discusses the pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Portal hypertension occurs when there is an elevation in portal venous pressure above 10 mmHg. It can be caused by pre-hepatic issues like portal vein thrombosis, or intrahepatic issues like cirrhosis. The pathophysiology involves increased resistance to portal blood flow from vasoconstriction and fibrosis, as well as increased blood flow from splanchnic vasodilation. This leads to the formation of portosystemic shunts and complications like variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Management involves general measures during bleeding, pharmacological agents, endoscopic therapy of varices, and procedures like TIPS or transplantation.
Portal Hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when scar tissue from liver injuries disrupts blood flow, increasing pressure in the main and portal veins and diverting blood away from the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, but it can also be caused by blood clots, fatty liver disease, hepatitis, or schistosomiasis. Symptoms include gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal fluid buildup, and varicose veins. Diagnosis involves medical history, lab tests, and imaging exams. Treatment focuses on medications and procedures to reduce blood pressure such as sclerotherapy and TIPS or DSRS shunt surgery in severe cases. Lifestyle changes like quitting drinking and smoking can help prevent portal hypertension.
Recommended
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is defined as elevated portal pressure above 10-12 mm Hg. It is classified as pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic, or post-hepatic based on the location of blockage. Common causes include liver cirrhosis and blockages in the portal vein. Clinical features include upper GI bleeding, splenomegaly, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Management involves treating acute bleeding episodes endoscopically and use of beta-blockers for prevention, along with diuretics and paracentesis for ascites. More advanced treatments include TIPSS, surgical shunting, and liver transplantation.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is caused by increased vascular resistance and blood flow and can result from cirrhosis, vascular diseases, or other conditions. It leads to complications like ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment involves general measures, variceal treatment including banding, TIPS procedure, and in some cases transplantation. Ascites is treated with paracentesis and diuretics along with albumin to prevent renal failure.
Mellss yr5 surgery portal hypertension intro
regarding antomy, physiology and pathophysiology of portal hypertension
not about its features or managemnt
Portal Hypertension
Portal hypertension syndrome is characterized by increased pressure in the portal vein system due to obstructed blood flow out of the liver. The causes of obstructed blood flow can be divided into intrahepatic, subhepatic, and prehepatic blocks. Clinical features include collateral vein circulation around the liver, ascites, and splenomegaly. Ascites and hepatic encephalopathy are also signs of hepatocellular failure, where all liver functions are disrupted. Cholestasis syndrome results from obstructed bile flow and causes jaundice, itching, and fat malabsorption.
Portal Hypertension
The portal vein is formed by the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. It drains blood from the intestines, pancreas, colon and rectum. Blood from the portal and hepatic arteries mixes in the liver sinusoids before draining into the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. Portal hypertension occurs when pressure increases due to increased resistance in the liver from cirrhosis and increased blood flow. It can cause ascites, variceal bleeding, and other complications.
1. portal hypertension converted
Here are the revisions to the document:
1. Normal portal venous pressure is less than 5 mm Hg.
2. Oesophageal balloon used to achieve temporary haemostasis is Sengstaken-Blakemore tube.
3. TIPSS stands for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
4. Median GCS score in hepatic coma is below 8.
5. Diet recommended for hepatic coma is low in protein and sodium.
Portal Hypertension Mechanisms Pathophysiology by Dr. Aryan
This document discusses the pathophysiology of portal hypertension. Portal hypertension occurs when there is an elevation in portal venous pressure above 10 mmHg. It can be caused by pre-hepatic issues like portal vein thrombosis, or intrahepatic issues like cirrhosis. The pathophysiology involves increased resistance to portal blood flow from vasoconstriction and fibrosis, as well as increased blood flow from splanchnic vasodilation. This leads to the formation of portosystemic shunts and complications like variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Management involves general measures during bleeding, pharmacological agents, endoscopic therapy of varices, and procedures like TIPS or transplantation.
Portal Hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when scar tissue from liver injuries disrupts blood flow, increasing pressure in the main and portal veins and diverting blood away from the liver. The most common cause is cirrhosis, but it can also be caused by blood clots, fatty liver disease, hepatitis, or schistosomiasis. Symptoms include gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal fluid buildup, and varicose veins. Diagnosis involves medical history, lab tests, and imaging exams. Treatment focuses on medications and procedures to reduce blood pressure such as sclerotherapy and TIPS or DSRS shunt surgery in severe cases. Lifestyle changes like quitting drinking and smoking can help prevent portal hypertension.
Portal hypertension by kiran maindale
Portal hypertension occurs when blood pressure in the portal vein system, which drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, increases above normal levels. It is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 15 mmHg. Two key factors that contribute to portal hypertension are increased vascular resistance and increased blood flow. Investigation may include blood tests and imaging of the liver, portal system, and varices. Complications include variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment depends on severity but may involve medication, endoscopic procedures, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, or surgical shunting of blood flow to reduce portal pressure.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension and its causes and complications. It defines portal hypertension as a pathological increase in portal venous pressure. Cirrhosis is a major cause of portal hypertension and can lead to complications like ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and variceal hemorrhage. Variceal bleeding from esophageal varices is a severe complication and a common cause of death in cirrhotic patients. The document also discusses classifications of portal hypertension and different pathways for the development of portal systemic collaterals.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension and its management. It defines portal hypertension as increased portal pressure and describes how hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is used to measure it noninvasively. The main causes of portal hypertension are discussed as pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic, and post-hepatic. Clinical features include gastroesophageal varices, ascites, and splenomegaly. Management involves screening and treatment of varices, diuretics for ascites, and splenectomy in rare cases. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or surgical shunts are considered if medication fails or is not available.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, including its definition, causes, clinical presentations, investigations, and management.
Portal hypertension is defined as elevated hepatic venous pressure gradient above 5 mmHg. It is clinically significant when the HVPG exceeds 10-12 mmHg. Common causes include cirrhosis, schistosomiasis, and portal or hepatic vein thrombosis.
The clinical triad of portal hypertension includes esophageal varices, splenomegaly, and ascites. Investigations include liver function tests, ultrasound, and endoscopy. Management involves general measures, treatment of varices with medications or endoscopic therapy, management of ascites and encephalopathy, and procedures to lower portal pressure such as T
Portal hypertension
This document provides information on portal hypertension, including its definition, causes, presentations, investigations, and management. Some key points:
- Portal hypertension is defined as a sustained elevation of portal pressure above 12 mm Hg. It can be caused by conditions affecting blood flow pre-sinusoidally (e.g. portal vein thrombosis), sinusoidally (e.g. cirrhosis), or post-sinusoidally (e.g. Budd-Chiari syndrome).
- Common presentations include esophageal varices, splenomegaly, ascites, and features of hepatic encephalopathy. Investigations include liver function tests, ultrasound, and endoscopy to identify varices.
-
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment. Potential collaterals in portal hypertension are hypertrophied and hyperplastic due to angiogenic factors, not just increased pressure. Complications of portal hypertension include variceal hemorrhage, ascites, renal dysfunction, and hepatic encephalopathy. Cirrhosis is the most common cause worldwide. Treatment depends on variceal size, with band ligation for varices over 5mm to prevent bleeding. Drugs can be used initially for active bleeding but TIPS or surgery may be needed for severe cases.
Portal Hypertension in children
Dr. Roshan Kumar Shah's document discusses portal hypertension, which is an increase in blood pressure within the portal vein system. It defines portal hypertension as a portal vein pressure above 40 mm Hg and describes its causes such as liver cirrhosis. It then covers the anatomy of the portal vein system, pathophysiology of increased resistance to blood flow, clinical signs including gastrointestinal bleeding, and approaches to diagnosis and management including medications, endoscopic therapy, surgery, and liver transplantation.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is elevation of portal venous pressure
above 10-12 mm Hg (normal 5-10 mm Hg). Portal
hypertension results from (a) increased resistance to portal
blood flow and (b) high portal blood flow.
Portal hypertension:A disease better controlled than cured.
Portal hypertension is one of the common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It is a very lethal condition. Prompt diagnosis and commencement of early medical treatment can help keeping the disease under control. Surgery is a very useful adjunct in uncontrollable bleeding and in long term prevention in certain selected cases.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when blood pressure increases in the portal venous system, which normally carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. It is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient over 10mm Hg. There are three types - pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic, and post-hepatic - depending on the site of vascular obstruction. Common causes include cirrhosis, schistosomiasis, and portal vein thrombosis. Clinical manifestations involve complications from increased portosystemic shunting and include ascites, esophageal varices, hemorrhoids, and hepatic encephalopathy. Diagnostic evaluations involve blood tests, imaging, and endoscopy. Treatment options include medications, endoscopic therapy, TIPS procedure,
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when hepatic venous pressure gradient exceeds 10 mm Hg and risk of variceal bleeding increases above 12 mm Hg. It can be caused by prehepatic issues like portal vein thrombosis, intrahepatic issues like cirrhosis, or post-hepatic issues like Budd-Chiari syndrome. Clinical signs include splenomegaly, ascites, collateral veins, and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices. Management involves beta-blocker therapy to reduce pressure, antibiotics and endoscopic therapy for acute bleeding, and TIPSS or shunting for refractory cases. Complications include variceal bleeding, ascites, and hypersplenism.
Understanding Portal hypertension
- Normal portal venous pressure is generally considered to be between 5-10 mm Hg. Once it rises to 12 mm Hg or greater, complications can arise such as varices and ascites.
- Portal hypertension is defined as an elevation of the hepatic venous pressure gradient to over 5 mmHg. This gradient is the difference between the wedged hepatic venous pressure (sinusoidal pressure) and the free hepatic venous pressure.
- The two main types of portal hypertension are sinusoidal, where the sinusoidal pressure is elevated, and presinusoidal, where the portal venous pressure is increased but the sinusoidal pressure is normal. Sinusoidal hypertension commonly results in ascites due to increased transudation of fluid from the sin
Portal hypertension, liver cirrhosis
1. Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious complication of chronic liver disease characterized by alterations in mental status and cognitive function occurring in liver failure. Common precipitating factors include blood transfusion, infection, GI bleeding, use of sedative drugs, constipation, alkalosis, low potassium, and high protein diet.
2. Treatment of acute overt hepatic encephalopathy includes supportive care, identifying and treating precipitating factors, reducing nitrogenous load in the gut through medications like lactulose, and assessing need for long-term therapy or liver transplant.
3. Prevention and management of recurrent or persistent hepatic encephalopathy involves avoiding precipitating factors and continued drug therapy like lactulose and rifaximin,
Upper GI bleeding & portal hypertension in Children
This document discusses signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, including melena, haematemesis, and haematochezia. It covers evaluation, treatment, and management of variceal bleeding including pharmacologic therapies, endoscopic procedures like band ligation and sclerotherapy, and surgical options like shunts and transplantation.
Portal hypertension paediatrics
This document discusses portal hypertension (PH), including its definition, classification, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical features, complications, and diagnosis. Some key points:
1. PH is defined as a portal venous pressure gradient above 10 mmHg. It can be pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal, or post-sinusoidal based on location of blockage.
2. Common causes are cirrhosis, portal or hepatic vein thrombosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. Cirrhosis results from fibrosis narrowing hepatic sinusoids.
3. Clinical features include splenomegaly, abdominal collaterals, ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding from varices, and hepatic encephalopathy.
portalhypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, its causes, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It provides an overview of normal portal circulation and defines portal hypertension as a portal pressure greater than 12 mmHg. It describes various etiologies of portal hypertension including presinusoidal, sinusoidal, postsinusoidal, and posthepatic causes. Complications of portal hypertension like variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy are discussed. The management of portal hypertension and its complications is also summarized.
Portal hypertension (1)
1) A 35-year old female presented with hematemesis and was found to have signs of portal hypertension including splenomegaly and visible veins on her abdominal wall.
2) Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the portal vein, usually caused by cirrhosis of the liver. It can lead to dangerous variceal bleeding from enlarged veins in the esophagus or stomach.
3) Diagnosis involves ultrasound, endoscopy, and liver tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing any bleeding, identifying its cause via endoscopy, and managing the underlying cause of portal hypertension like cirrhosis.
Portal Hypertension in Children.. Dr.Malathi Sathiyasekaran
Portal Hypertension in Children by Dr.Malathi Sathiyasekaran, Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Chennai.
Portal hypertension
portal hypertension in children, liver disease in children, hematmasis in children, per oral bleeding, hepatospleenomegaly
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is high blood pressure in the portal vein system, including the portal vein and its branches. It is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient over 5mmHg. Common causes include cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, portal vein thrombosis, and splenic vein thrombosis. Consequences are ascites, esophageal varices, gastric varices, and splenomegaly. Investigations include blood tests, ultrasound, CT, MRI, endoscopy, and liver biopsy to determine the underlying cause.
Mule Cloud Connectors-Guardando y restaurando el estado o auth
El documento describe cómo Mule Cloud Connectors almacena y restaura el estado de OAuth de forma automática. El conector guarda el token de acceso y otra información de estado de OAuth en la memoria para su reutilización en llamadas posteriores a la API. El DevKit persistirá automáticamente el token de acceso, token secreto, token de refresco y cualquier dato extraído durante la autorización para permitir el uso autorizado del conector. Los conectores se autorizan a través de la operación Autorizar y la información se almacena de forma predeterminada en el
Types of portal hypertension
There are three types of portal hypertension: pre-hepatic, which is due to blockage of the portal vein before it reaches the liver; intra-hepatic, which is caused by distortion of the liver architecture and can be pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal, or post-sinusoidal; and post-hepatic, which results from venous blockage outside the liver. Examples of each type are congenital portal vein abnormalities, cirrhosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome respectively.
More Related Content
What's hot
Portal hypertension by kiran maindale
Portal hypertension occurs when blood pressure in the portal vein system, which drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver, increases above normal levels. It is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 15 mmHg. Two key factors that contribute to portal hypertension are increased vascular resistance and increased blood flow. Investigation may include blood tests and imaging of the liver, portal system, and varices. Complications include variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment depends on severity but may involve medication, endoscopic procedures, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, or surgical shunting of blood flow to reduce portal pressure.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension and its causes and complications. It defines portal hypertension as a pathological increase in portal venous pressure. Cirrhosis is a major cause of portal hypertension and can lead to complications like ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and variceal hemorrhage. Variceal bleeding from esophageal varices is a severe complication and a common cause of death in cirrhotic patients. The document also discusses classifications of portal hypertension and different pathways for the development of portal systemic collaterals.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension and its management. It defines portal hypertension as increased portal pressure and describes how hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is used to measure it noninvasively. The main causes of portal hypertension are discussed as pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic, and post-hepatic. Clinical features include gastroesophageal varices, ascites, and splenomegaly. Management involves screening and treatment of varices, diuretics for ascites, and splenectomy in rare cases. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or surgical shunts are considered if medication fails or is not available.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, including its definition, causes, clinical presentations, investigations, and management.
Portal hypertension is defined as elevated hepatic venous pressure gradient above 5 mmHg. It is clinically significant when the HVPG exceeds 10-12 mmHg. Common causes include cirrhosis, schistosomiasis, and portal or hepatic vein thrombosis.
The clinical triad of portal hypertension includes esophageal varices, splenomegaly, and ascites. Investigations include liver function tests, ultrasound, and endoscopy. Management involves general measures, treatment of varices with medications or endoscopic therapy, management of ascites and encephalopathy, and procedures to lower portal pressure such as T
Portal hypertension
This document provides information on portal hypertension, including its definition, causes, presentations, investigations, and management. Some key points:
- Portal hypertension is defined as a sustained elevation of portal pressure above 12 mm Hg. It can be caused by conditions affecting blood flow pre-sinusoidally (e.g. portal vein thrombosis), sinusoidally (e.g. cirrhosis), or post-sinusoidally (e.g. Budd-Chiari syndrome).
- Common presentations include esophageal varices, splenomegaly, ascites, and features of hepatic encephalopathy. Investigations include liver function tests, ultrasound, and endoscopy to identify varices.
-
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment. Potential collaterals in portal hypertension are hypertrophied and hyperplastic due to angiogenic factors, not just increased pressure. Complications of portal hypertension include variceal hemorrhage, ascites, renal dysfunction, and hepatic encephalopathy. Cirrhosis is the most common cause worldwide. Treatment depends on variceal size, with band ligation for varices over 5mm to prevent bleeding. Drugs can be used initially for active bleeding but TIPS or surgery may be needed for severe cases.
Portal Hypertension in children
Dr. Roshan Kumar Shah's document discusses portal hypertension, which is an increase in blood pressure within the portal vein system. It defines portal hypertension as a portal vein pressure above 40 mm Hg and describes its causes such as liver cirrhosis. It then covers the anatomy of the portal vein system, pathophysiology of increased resistance to blood flow, clinical signs including gastrointestinal bleeding, and approaches to diagnosis and management including medications, endoscopic therapy, surgery, and liver transplantation.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is elevation of portal venous pressure
above 10-12 mm Hg (normal 5-10 mm Hg). Portal
hypertension results from (a) increased resistance to portal
blood flow and (b) high portal blood flow.
Portal hypertension:A disease better controlled than cured.
Portal hypertension is one of the common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It is a very lethal condition. Prompt diagnosis and commencement of early medical treatment can help keeping the disease under control. Surgery is a very useful adjunct in uncontrollable bleeding and in long term prevention in certain selected cases.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when blood pressure increases in the portal venous system, which normally carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. It is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient over 10mm Hg. There are three types - pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic, and post-hepatic - depending on the site of vascular obstruction. Common causes include cirrhosis, schistosomiasis, and portal vein thrombosis. Clinical manifestations involve complications from increased portosystemic shunting and include ascites, esophageal varices, hemorrhoids, and hepatic encephalopathy. Diagnostic evaluations involve blood tests, imaging, and endoscopy. Treatment options include medications, endoscopic therapy, TIPS procedure,
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when hepatic venous pressure gradient exceeds 10 mm Hg and risk of variceal bleeding increases above 12 mm Hg. It can be caused by prehepatic issues like portal vein thrombosis, intrahepatic issues like cirrhosis, or post-hepatic issues like Budd-Chiari syndrome. Clinical signs include splenomegaly, ascites, collateral veins, and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices. Management involves beta-blocker therapy to reduce pressure, antibiotics and endoscopic therapy for acute bleeding, and TIPSS or shunting for refractory cases. Complications include variceal bleeding, ascites, and hypersplenism.
Understanding Portal hypertension
- Normal portal venous pressure is generally considered to be between 5-10 mm Hg. Once it rises to 12 mm Hg or greater, complications can arise such as varices and ascites.
- Portal hypertension is defined as an elevation of the hepatic venous pressure gradient to over 5 mmHg. This gradient is the difference between the wedged hepatic venous pressure (sinusoidal pressure) and the free hepatic venous pressure.
- The two main types of portal hypertension are sinusoidal, where the sinusoidal pressure is elevated, and presinusoidal, where the portal venous pressure is increased but the sinusoidal pressure is normal. Sinusoidal hypertension commonly results in ascites due to increased transudation of fluid from the sin
Portal hypertension, liver cirrhosis
1. Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious complication of chronic liver disease characterized by alterations in mental status and cognitive function occurring in liver failure. Common precipitating factors include blood transfusion, infection, GI bleeding, use of sedative drugs, constipation, alkalosis, low potassium, and high protein diet.
2. Treatment of acute overt hepatic encephalopathy includes supportive care, identifying and treating precipitating factors, reducing nitrogenous load in the gut through medications like lactulose, and assessing need for long-term therapy or liver transplant.
3. Prevention and management of recurrent or persistent hepatic encephalopathy involves avoiding precipitating factors and continued drug therapy like lactulose and rifaximin,
Upper GI bleeding & portal hypertension in Children
This document discusses signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, including melena, haematemesis, and haematochezia. It covers evaluation, treatment, and management of variceal bleeding including pharmacologic therapies, endoscopic procedures like band ligation and sclerotherapy, and surgical options like shunts and transplantation.
Portal hypertension paediatrics
This document discusses portal hypertension (PH), including its definition, classification, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical features, complications, and diagnosis. Some key points:
1. PH is defined as a portal venous pressure gradient above 10 mmHg. It can be pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal, or post-sinusoidal based on location of blockage.
2. Common causes are cirrhosis, portal or hepatic vein thrombosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. Cirrhosis results from fibrosis narrowing hepatic sinusoids.
3. Clinical features include splenomegaly, abdominal collaterals, ascites, gastrointestinal bleeding from varices, and hepatic encephalopathy.
portalhypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, its causes, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It provides an overview of normal portal circulation and defines portal hypertension as a portal pressure greater than 12 mmHg. It describes various etiologies of portal hypertension including presinusoidal, sinusoidal, postsinusoidal, and posthepatic causes. Complications of portal hypertension like variceal bleeding, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy are discussed. The management of portal hypertension and its complications is also summarized.
Portal hypertension (1)
1) A 35-year old female presented with hematemesis and was found to have signs of portal hypertension including splenomegaly and visible veins on her abdominal wall.
2) Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the portal vein, usually caused by cirrhosis of the liver. It can lead to dangerous variceal bleeding from enlarged veins in the esophagus or stomach.
3) Diagnosis involves ultrasound, endoscopy, and liver tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing any bleeding, identifying its cause via endoscopy, and managing the underlying cause of portal hypertension like cirrhosis.
Portal Hypertension in Children.. Dr.Malathi Sathiyasekaran
Portal Hypertension in Children by Dr.Malathi Sathiyasekaran, Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Chennai.
Portal hypertension
portal hypertension in children, liver disease in children, hematmasis in children, per oral bleeding, hepatospleenomegaly
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is high blood pressure in the portal vein system, including the portal vein and its branches. It is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient over 5mmHg. Common causes include cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, portal vein thrombosis, and splenic vein thrombosis. Consequences are ascites, esophageal varices, gastric varices, and splenomegaly. Investigations include blood tests, ultrasound, CT, MRI, endoscopy, and liver biopsy to determine the underlying cause.
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Portal hypertension:A disease better controlled than cured.
Portal hypertension:A disease better controlled than cured.
Upper GI bleeding & portal hypertension in Children
Upper GI bleeding & portal hypertension in Children
Portal Hypertension in Children.. Dr.Malathi Sathiyasekaran
Portal Hypertension in Children.. Dr.Malathi Sathiyasekaran
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Types of portal hypertension
There are three types of portal hypertension: pre-hepatic, which is due to blockage of the portal vein before it reaches the liver; intra-hepatic, which is caused by distortion of the liver architecture and can be pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal, or post-sinusoidal; and post-hepatic, which results from venous blockage outside the liver. Examples of each type are congenital portal vein abnormalities, cirrhosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome respectively.
VARICEAL HAEMORRHAGE WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Portal hypertension occurs when blood flow through the liver is blocked, increasing pressure in the portal vein and spleen. This causes collateral veins to develop like esophageal varices, which can bleed if ruptured. Diagnosis involves blood tests, ultrasound, and endoscopy. Treatment depends on severity but may include medications, band ligation, TIPS procedure, or liver transplant. Managing variceal bleeding quickly through fluid resuscitation, medications, and endoscopic therapy can help prevent complications from progressive liver disease.
Portal Hypertension
1. Surgery continues to play an important role in the treatment of portal hypertension, both as primary and rescue therapy in select patients.
2. For good risk cirrhotic patients with refractory variceal bleeding, surgical shunts such as distal splenorenal shunt have better long-term outcomes compared to TIPS.
3. TIPS is preferred for poor risk cirrhotic patients, while surgical shunts or devascularization remain the standard treatment for non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Surgery is not obsolete in managing portal hypertension.
portal hypertension and upper G I bleeding
This document discusses portal hypertension (PHT), including its definition, classification, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management. PHT is defined as a pathological increase in portal pressure above 5 mmHg. It can be classified based on the location of obstruction as pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal, or post-sinusoidal. The etiology includes pre-hepatic causes such as portal vein thrombosis, intra-hepatic causes like cirrhosis, and post-hepatic causes like Budd-Chiari syndrome. Clinical features include upper GI bleeding, splenomegaly, ascites, and varices. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, endoscopy, imaging like ultrasound, and treatment depends
Treatment of portal hypertension
The document summarizes the treatment of portal hypertension and varices. It discusses treatments for variceal bleeding, ascites, and splenomegaly. For varices, it recommends primary prophylaxis with non-selective beta-blockers for medium/large varices without prior bleeding. For acute variceal hemorrhage, it recommends pharmacologic therapy, endoscopic band ligation or sclerotherapy, balloon tamponade, and TIPS or shunt surgery as rescue therapy. It also discusses preventing recurrent bleeding with beta-blockers, repeated endoscopic therapy, and TIPS or shunt surgery.
Portal hypertension surgical management
1. Portal hypertension is defined as a portal pressure higher than 5 mm Hg and can lead to variceal bleeding. It is caused by any blockage that impedes portal blood flow.
2. Complications include ascites, encephalopathy, and malnutrition indicating end-stage liver disease. Evaluation involves assessing the underlying liver disease, hepatic function, portal venous anatomy and hemodynamics.
3. Treatment options include pharmacotherapy, endoscopic therapy, TIPS procedure, and liver transplantation for eligible patients. The goal is to reduce portal pressure and prevent further bleeding events.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when there is increased resistance to blood flow through the portal vein, causing elevated pressure. It is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient over 5 mmHg. Measurement involves catheterization of the hepatic vein. Causes include cirrhosis and other liver diseases. Complications include variceal bleeding, ascites, and encephalopathy. Treatment of acute bleeding involves vasoactive drugs, endoscopic therapy, and TIPS. Secondary prevention uses beta-blockers to reduce portal pressure and risk of rebleeding.
Portal Hypertension
The document discusses portal hypertension, which occurs when portal venous blood pressure is greater than 12 mmHg. It can be caused by conditions that affect blood flow pre-hepatically, hepatically, or post-hepatically. Complications include esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding. Management involves treating the underlying cause, reducing portal pressure with medications, banding or sclerotherapy of varices, and shunt procedures or transplant for severe cases.
Portal Hypertension
This document summarizes information about portal hypertension and variceal bleeding. It discusses the causes of portal hypertension including pre-sinusoidal, sinusoidal and post-sinusoidal factors. It also describes treatments for acute variceal bleeding such as pharmacologic therapies, endoscopic therapies like band ligation, balloon tamponade and TIPS. It notes that prevention of recurrent bleeding involves pharmacotherapy, endoscopic therapy, TIPS or surgical options like portosystemic shunts or liver transplantation.
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Similar to Portal Hypertension Surgery in Chennai | Hypertension Treatment in India
Portal hypertension.ppt
Portal hypertension occurs when there is elevated pressure in the portal venous system leading to the liver. It is usually caused by cirrhosis damaging the liver and increasing resistance to blood flow. Common consequences include esophageal and rectal varices which can bleed, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing portal pressure with medications, and procedures to prevent variceal bleeding such as band ligation.
Causes of upper GI bleeding - UpToDate.pdf
This document provides information on various causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults. It lists common causes such as peptic ulcers, esophagitis, variceal bleeding, angiodysplasia, and Dieulafoy's lesion. For each cause, it describes associated manifestations, endoscopic findings, and risk factors. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for clinicians to understand different mechanisms and presentations of upper GI bleeding.
Applied anatomy of portal circulation
Portal hypertension occurs when blood pressure increases in the portal vein system, usually due to liver scarring or cirrhosis blocking blood flow through the liver. This puts patients at risk of esophageal varices, internal hemorrhoids, and caput medusae. Symptoms include gastrointestinal bleeding. Treatments focus on preventing complications through medication, banding, surgery like TIPS, or liver transplantation.
Portal hypertension in paediatrics
The document discusses portal hypertension in children. It covers the anatomy of the portal system, causes/classifications of portal hypertension, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Regarding diagnosis, it describes using endoscopy to identify varices, ultrasound to detect portal vein thrombosis, and CT/MRI/venography to further evaluate vascular anatomy. Treatment of acute variceal bleeding involves stabilizing the patient and reducing portal pressure to stop bleeding.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension occurs when pressure in the portal venous system rises, usually due to liver cirrhosis or scarring impeding blood flow into the liver. Ultrasound can detect signs of portal hypertension like ascites, splenomegaly, dilated portal veins and collateral vessels that form around the liver. Specific findings include thrombosed or narrowed portal veins, enlarged arteries supplying the liver, and reversed blood flow away from the liver.
Portal Hypertension in Children
Portal hypertension occurs when blood pressure within the portal venous system exceeds normal levels. It can be caused by prehepatic issues like portal vein obstruction, or intrinsic liver diseases that increase fibrosis within the liver. Children with portal hypertension may experience bleeding from esophageal varices, splenomegaly, ascites, or other clinical signs. Diagnosis involves medical history, lab tests, imaging like Doppler ultrasound or CT, and often measurement of portal pressure. Treatment depends on severity but may include medication, balloon tamponade, endoscopic procedures to band or sclerose varices, or shunt procedures like TIPS to decompress the portal system.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, its causes, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. The most common cause is cirrhosis. Portal hypertension develops from increased vascular resistance and blood flow in the portal vein. Signs include weakness, weight loss, jaundice, edema, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and endoscopy. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, preventing variceal bleeding, and treating complications.
Portal circulation and portal hypertension BY AMNA BUTOOL
The document discusses portal circulation and portal hypertension. It defines portal circulation as the flow of blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver via the portal vein. Portal hypertension occurs when blood pressure in the portal vein system is elevated above normal levels. The causes of portal hypertension include pre-hepatic issues like splenomegaly, hepatic issues like cirrhosis, and post-hepatic issues like right-sided heart failure. Complications arise due to the increased pressure and include ascites, bleeding, and the formation of portosystemic shunts. Treatment involves medical therapy with beta-blockers and diuretics as well as endoscopic procedures.
other diseases due to Cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis can lead to several other diseases and complications due to the liver's impaired functioning. Edema occurs when the kidneys retain too much salt and water, causing swelling. Ascites is an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity that causes swelling and discomfort. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening infection of the abdominal fluid caused by ascites. Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the portal vein draining the intestines due to blocked blood flow, which can cause bleeding from esophageal varices. Diabetes can also occur since the liver plays a key role in regulating blood sugar levels.
PORTAL HYPERTENSION.pptx
Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the portal vein system that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver. It occurs when liver damage blocks blood flow, most commonly from cirrhosis. This increases pressure in veins that can develop varices and rupture, causing gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptoms include bleeding, fluid buildup, and cognitive issues. Diagnosis involves ultrasounds and other imaging to assess liver and vein condition. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications to reduce pressure and bleeding risk, and procedures to block unhealthy blood flow. Complications can include further bleeding and cognitive problems.
Portal Hypertension.pptx
This document provides information on portal hypertension, including:
1. It defines portal hypertension and describes types such as cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
2. It outlines the portal venous system and portosystemic circulation.
3. It discusses causes, clinical features, investigations, and management of portal hypertension including pharmacotherapy, endoscopic therapy, TIPS procedure, and surgeries.
4. Prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage is highlighted through long-term pharmacotherapy, endoscopic therapy, interventional procedures like TIPS, or surgical shunts if other options fail.
Esophageal varices
esophageal varices are the second most common cause of upper GI bleed after PUD.These are actually the dilated veins which occur secondary to increase in the pressure in the portal circulation called as Portal Hypertension..
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is a condition where there is increased pressure in the portal venous system, which is a major vein that leads to the liver. It occurs when there is an obstruction to blood flow through the liver or an increase in blood flow. Common causes include liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Symptoms include gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and splenomegaly. It can be diagnosed through clinical findings, imaging studies, and direct measurement of portal pressures. Understanding the causes and pathophysiology of portal hypertension has led to new treatment approaches.
Gi Bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding can originate from the upper or lower GI tract. Upper GI bleeding comes from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum and is often caused by peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, or Mallory-Weiss tears. Lower GI bleeding originates farther down the digestive tract and is commonly due to diverticular disease, angiodysplasia, polyps, hemorrhoids, or anal fissures. Symptoms of GI bleeding include vomiting blood, bloody stools, fatigue, and weakness. Medical evaluation and tests like endoscopy are needed to determine the source and severity of bleeding so that appropriate treatment such as medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes can be given.
Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension can be caused by conditions that block the portal vein (precirrhotic) or damage the liver (cirrhotic). It leads to complications like ascites, esophageal varices, and bleeding. Symptoms include abdominal swelling and pain, bleeding, and fatigue. Treatment focuses on reducing portal pressure through dietary changes, diuretics, banding or sclerotherapy of varices, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS), or surgery in severe cases.
Portal Hypertension12
This document summarizes portal hypertension, including its causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Portal hypertension is defined as increased pressure in the portal vein greater than 10 mmHg. It can be caused by conditions that obstruct portal blood flow within or outside the liver. Increased pressure leads to formation of collateral veins and complications like variceal bleeding, splenomegaly, and ascites. Diagnosis involves identifying the underlying liver disease and assessing its severity. Treatment aims to prevent variceal bleeding through medication, band ligation, shunt procedures, or TIPS.
Esophageal varices
Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the esophagus that usually occur in people with liver disease. They develop when blood flow to the liver is blocked, forcing blood to flow through smaller veins not meant to carry large volumes. This can cause the veins to rupture and bleed. Symptoms of bleeding include vomiting blood or black stools. Treatment focuses on preventing further bleeding through medications, procedures to tie off veins, and potentially a liver transplant. Managing liver disease risk factors can help prevent esophageal varices.
Sabrina scarborough Anastomosis, Cachexia, Hematochezia, Lavage, Serum Biliru...
Anastomosis refers to a connection between two structures, such as blood vessels or organs. A pathological anastomosis results from trauma or disease and can involve veins, arteries, or intestines, sometimes causing fistulas or hemorrhoids. Cachexia is a wasting of the body due to loss of weight, muscle, and fat, often seen in advanced cancer or AIDS patients. It is primarily a metabolic condition involving increased tissue breakdown. Hematochezia refers to the passage of bloody stools, which can be caused by injuries or disorders in the colon, rectum, or large intestine. Serum bilirubin testing is a non-invasive liver function test that can detect, screen for, and monitor liver disease by
Pleural effusions
There are two main types of pleural effusions - transudative and exudative. Transudative effusions have low protein levels and do not meet Light's criteria, while exudative effusions have high protein levels due to leaky capillaries around the pleura. Common causes of pleural effusions include congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, subdiaphragmatic processes, infections like parapneumonic effusions, neoplasms, and inflammatory conditions. Diagnostic thoracentesis is important for analyzing pleural fluid via Light's criteria and other tests to determine the specific cause of the effusion.
Approach to Management of Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Blood may be observed in vomit (hematemesis) or in altered form in the stool (melena). Depending on the severity of the blood loss, there may be symptoms of insufficient circulating blood volume and shock. As a result, upper gastrointestinal bleeding is considered a medical emergency and typically requires hospital care for urgent diagnosis and treatment. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, and some rarer causes such as gastric cancer.
The initial assessment includes measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood tests to determine hemoglobin concentration. In significant bleeding, fluid replacement is often required, as well as blood transfusion, before the source of bleeding can be determined by endoscopy of the upper digestive tract with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Depending on the source, endoscopic therapy can be applied to reduce rebleeding risk. Specific medical treatments (such as proton pump inhibitors for peptic ulcer disease) or procedures (such as TIPS for variceal hemorrhage) may be used. Recurrent or refractory bleeding may lead to need for surgery, although this has become uncommon as a result of improved endoscopic and medical treatment.
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Portal circulation and portal hypertension BY AMNA BUTOOL
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How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
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Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
Satisfying Spa Massage Experience at Just 99 AED - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
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