Pop art emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and late 1950s in the US as a challenge to traditions of fine art by including popular culture imagery like advertising. Pop art employs aspects of mass culture and is interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism, using irony to depict banal or kitschy cultural elements through found objects and images. It is considered one of the earliest examples of postmodern art.

1. POP ART
Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the United
States. Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as
advertising, news, etc. In pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated,
and/or combined with unrelated material. The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the
attitudes that led to it.
Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. It is
widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, as well as an expansion
upon them. And due to its utilization of found objects and images it is similar to Dada. Pop art is aimed to
employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any
given culture, most often through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical
means of reproduction or rendering techniques.
Pop art and minimalism are considered to be art movements that precede postmodern art, or are some of the
earliest examples of Post-modern Art themselves.
Roy Lichtenstein's Drowning Girl (1963) Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup I, 1968
Andy Warhol, Marilyn Diptych 1962

2. POST-MODERNISM
Postmodernism is a late-20th-century movement in the arts, architecture, and criticism that was a departure
from modernism. Postmodernism includesskeptical interpretations
of culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism. It is often
associated withdeconstruction and post-structuralism because its usage as a term gained significant popularity
at the same time as twentieth-century post-structural thought.
The term postmodernism has been applied to a host of movements, many in art, music, and literature, that
reacted against tendencies in modernism, and are typically marked by revival of historical elements and
techniques.
The term postmodern was first used around the 1870s. John Watkins Chapman suggested "a Postmodern style
of painting" as a way to move beyond FrenchImpressionism. J. M. Thompson, in his 1914 article in The Hibbert
Journal (a quarterly philosophical review), used it to describe changes in attitudes and beliefs in the critique
of religion: "The raison d'etre of Post-Modernism is to escape from the double-mindedness of Modernism by
being thorough in its criticism by extending it to religion as well as theology, to Catholic feeling as well as to
Catholic tradition.
In 1949 the term was used to describe a dissatisfaction with modern architecture, and led to the postmodern
architecture movement, perhaps also a response to the modernist architectural movement known as
the International Style. Postmodernism in architecture is marked by the re-emergence of surface ornament,
reference to surrounding buildings in urban architecture, historical reference in decorative forms, and non-orthogonal
angles.
Portland Building Detail of the postmodern Abteiberg Museum in Germany

3. CONTEMPORARY DESIGN
Contemporary art is art produced at the present period in time. Contemporary art includes, and develops
from, Postmodern art, which is itself a successor to Modern art. In vernacular English, "modern" and
"contemporary" are synonyms, resulting in some conflation of the terms "modern art" and "contemporary art"
by non-specialists.
The classification of "contemporary art" as a special type of art, rather than a general adjectival phrase, goes
back to the beginnings of Modernism in the English-speaking world. In London, the Contemporary Art Society
was founded in 1910 by the critic Roger Fry and others, as a private society for buying works of art to place in
public museums. A number of other institutions using the term were founded in the 1930s, such as in 1938
the Contemporary Art Society of Adelaide,Australia, and an increasing number after 1945. Many, like
the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston changed their names from ones using "Modern art" in this period, as
Modernism became defined as a historical art movement, and much "modern" art ceased to be
"contemporary". The definition of what is contemporary is naturally always on the move, anchored in the
present with a start date that moves forward, and the works the Contemporary Art Society bought in 1910
could no longer be described as contemporary.
Gehry Residence in Santa Monica,California Chiat/Day Building in Venice, California
The tower at 8 Spruce Street in Lower Manhattan
Weatherhead School of Management, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio