2. Pomology
Pomology is a branch of
horticulture, which deals with
production, utilization, marketing and
improvement of fruits. The word
“Pomology” comes from two words
“pomum” and “logos”. Pomum means
fruits and logos means study. So
pomology is the study or cultivation of
fruits crops.
3. Pomology is focuses on the cultivation,
production, and study of fruit bearing plants,
such as trees, shrubs, and vines.
Pomologists work is to improve fruit quality,
develop new varieties, and address issues
related to fruit production and storage. It plays a
crucial role in the agriculture industry, particularly
in the cultivation of fruits for consumption and
commercial purposes.
4. Fruit
In general, a fruit may defined as a edible.
Fleshy portion of perennial, woody or
herbaceous plant whose development is
closely related to the flower.
In botanical aspect, a fruit includes a matured
and ripened ovary which is directly associated
with the ovary.
In horticultural view, a fruit is an expanded
and ripened ovary with attached and
subtending reproductive structure.
e.g. Mango, Jackfruit, Banana etc.
5. Orchard
-The places were we grow fruit is called
orchard.
The commercial production of fruits are
called orcharding
Groves: Place where we grow citruses
plant and the commercial production of
citruses are called citriculture.
Vine yard: Place where we grow grapes
and the commercial production of
grapes are called viticulture.
6. Classification of fruits
A. On the basis of growth habit
1. Tree e.g. mango, litchi
2. Herbaceous e.g. banana, papaya
3. Shrub e.g. lemon
4. Vine e.g. grapes, strawberry
B. On the basis of life cycle
1. Annual (monocarpic) e.g. banana, pineapple
2. Perennial (polycarpic) e.g. mango
C. On the basis of origin of fruits
1. True fruit e.g. mango
2. False fruit e.g. apple
7. On the basis of pollination
Self-pollination is when pollen
from the same plant arrives at the
stigma of a flower ( in flowering
plants ) or at the ovule ( in
gymnosperms ).
e.g. mango
Cross-pollination. The transfer
of pollen from the male
reproductive organ ( an anther or
male cone ) of a plant to the
female reproductive organ ( a
stigma or a female cone ) of
another plant. Insects and wild
are the main agents of cross-
pollination.
e.g. papaya
8. On the basis of climatic requirements
Tropical fruits are defined as fruits that are
grown in hot and humid regions.
e.g. mango
Subtropical fruit : e.g. guava
Temperature fruit: Fruits borne on the trees
growing in temperate climates(such as apple,
pear, peach, plum, grape, and strawberry) are
adapted to climates in the middle latitudes
and known as temperate fruits.
e.g. apple
9. Dry fruits
Dried fruit is from which the majority of the
original water content has been removed
either naturally, through sun drying or
through the use of specialized dryers or
dehydrators.
10. Fleshy
Stone fruit (drupe) true fruits and the edible part
is ovary.
e.g. mango
Berry is a fleshy fruit without a stone produced
from a single flower.
e.g. grapes
Pome(false fruit) is define as from which the
edible part is thalamus.
e.g. apple
Hesperidium a type of fruits are always covered
with a leathery rind
e.g. citrus
11. On the basis of height
1. Tall e.g. mango (tree)
2. Intermediate e.g. guava (shrub)
3. Dwarf e.g. strawberry (herb)
12. On the basis of water relation
1. Mesophytic e.g. mango
2. Xerophytic e.g. pineapple, date palm
3. Hydrophytic e.g. water chestnut
13. Principles of Pomology
1.Plant Selection: Choosing the right fruit species and
cultivars is crucial. Consider factors like climate, soil type,
and market demand.
2.Site Selection and Preparation: Selecting an
appropriate location and preparing the soil with the right
nutrients and drainage is essential for healthy fruit trees.
3.Propagation: Learning about various propagation
methods like grafting, budding, and seed propagation is
important for establishing fruit orchards.
14. 4.Pruning: Pruning helps control tree size, shape, and fruit
production. Proper pruning techniques are essential for
maximizing yield and fruit quality.
5.Disease and Pest Management: Understanding common
diseases and pests affecting fruit trees and implementing
preventive and control measures is vital for a successful
orchard.
6.Fertilization: Providing the right nutrients to fruit trees at
the appropriate times in their growth cycle is essential for
optimal fruit production.
7.Pollination: Many fruit trees require pollinators for fruit set.
Understanding the pollination needs of different fruit species
and attracting pollinators is important.
15. 8.Irrigation: Proper irrigation practices ensure that fruit
trees receive adequate water, especially during critical
growth stages.
9.Harvesting: Knowing the right time to harvest fruits is
crucial for quality and flavor. Different fruits have different
indicators of ripeness.
10.Storage and Post-Harvest Handling: Understanding
how to store and handle harvested fruit to extend shelf life
and maintain quality is important, especially for commercial
growers.
11.Marketing and Sales: For commercial fruit growers,
marketing strategies and distribution channels play a
significant role in the success of their fruit business.
16. 12.Research and Innovation: Staying updated with the
latest research and innovations in pomology is essential
for adopting new practices and technologies to improve
fruit production.
13.Environmental Considerations: Sustainable and
environmentally-friendly practices are increasingly
important in modern pomology to minimize the impact on
the ecosystem.
These principles, when applied effectively, can
help pomologists and fruit growers cultivate healthy fruit
trees and produce high-quality fruit for both personal
consumption and commercial purposes
