Pollution
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Air pollution occurs when gases, dust, fumes or smoke are introduced to the atmosphere in a way that is harmful to humans, animals and plants. There are two types of pollutants - primary pollutants such as carbon monoxide from cars that are directly emitted, and secondary pollutants like photochemical smog that form from chemical reactions between primary pollutants. Air pollution can be caused by both human activities like burning fossil fuels or natural events such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires. Air pollution poses serious health risks, especially for children, the elderly and those with preexisting medical conditions.
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PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
Smog is a type of air pollutant formed by a mixture of pollutants in the atmosphere, consisting of fine particles and ground-level ozone. It was coined in 1905 from the words "smoke" and "fog" to describe London fog. There are different types of smog including industrial, volcanic, and photochemical smog, which is formed through chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in sunlight. Examples of cities that have experienced dangerous smog events include Los Angeles in 1943 and London in the early 1900s. Smog can cause severe health effects like respiratory illnesses and cancer as well as environmental impacts such as reduced visibility and acid rain. Preventive measures include reducing emissions from vehicles, industry
Air pollution and smog
This document discusses air pollution and smog. It defines smog as a type of air pollution that is a mixture of air pollutants like nitrogen oxides that combine with sunlight to form ground-level ozone. Smog forms due to emissions from vehicles, industry, and fossil fuel burning. It can cause health issues and is worsened by temperature inversions that trap pollutants. Groups most at risk include children, outdoor workers, and those with respiratory diseases. Detection methods include visible haze and air quality index measurements.
Ozone layer
The ozone layer is a layer of concentrated ozone gas in the lower stratosphere that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is formed through a natural process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone via photolysis. However, man-made chlorofluorocarbons have been depleting the ozone layer since the 1970s. Ozone depletion occurs when CFCs release chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone. This has led to health and environmental effects from increased UV exposure such as skin cancer. International agreements have sought to regulate ozone depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover.
Ozone layer depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion, which is the wearing down of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation from the sun. Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by human activities like the use of chlorofluorocarbons in industries. This leads to impacts like increased skin cancer and damage to agriculture and marine life. Some measures to prevent further ozone layer depletion include limiting CFC use, switching to alternative refrigerants, and enacting regulations on emissions.
Unit3.2 atmospheric pollution
Smog is a mixture of smoke and fog that was originally caused by coal burning but now results from other pollutants as well. It is a problem in many cities and harms human health, especially for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly. Smog can cause respiratory inflammation and symptoms like coughing and difficulty breathing. Hospital admissions increase when ozone levels are high. A new type of smog called photochemical smog forms from sunlight reacting with pollutants. Temperature inversions can trap smog near the ground. The Montreal Protocol was successful in reducing ozone-depleting substances to protect the ozone layer through international cooperation.
Ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is primarily caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were historically used in air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosol sprays, and plastic foams. CFCs undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere that destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This has led to a large ozone hole forming over Antarctica that is enlarging and could take over 50 years to restore. The thinning ozone layer allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine life.
Photochemical formation of smog
PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION OF SMOG
Photochemical Reactions in Atmosphere
What is Smog ?
Formation of Photochemical smog
Probable Mechanism for Smog formation
Great smog of london1
The Great Smog of 1952 in London was a severe air pollution event lasting from December 5-9, 1952. Cold weather and temperature inversions trapped coal and industrial emissions in the lower atmosphere, creating thick smog that reduced visibility and brought transportation to a standstill. The smog caused over 12,000 deaths from respiratory illnesses and diseases, with 4000 deaths directly attributed to the smog period. The event increased awareness of air pollution issues and led to the Clean Air Act of 1956 aimed at reducing coal burning and industrial emissions.
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PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
Smog is a type of air pollutant formed by a mixture of pollutants in the atmosphere, consisting of fine particles and ground-level ozone. It was coined in 1905 from the words "smoke" and "fog" to describe London fog. There are different types of smog including industrial, volcanic, and photochemical smog, which is formed through chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in sunlight. Examples of cities that have experienced dangerous smog events include Los Angeles in 1943 and London in the early 1900s. Smog can cause severe health effects like respiratory illnesses and cancer as well as environmental impacts such as reduced visibility and acid rain. Preventive measures include reducing emissions from vehicles, industry
Air pollution and smog
This document discusses air pollution and smog. It defines smog as a type of air pollution that is a mixture of air pollutants like nitrogen oxides that combine with sunlight to form ground-level ozone. Smog forms due to emissions from vehicles, industry, and fossil fuel burning. It can cause health issues and is worsened by temperature inversions that trap pollutants. Groups most at risk include children, outdoor workers, and those with respiratory diseases. Detection methods include visible haze and air quality index measurements.
Ozone layer
The ozone layer is a layer of concentrated ozone gas in the lower stratosphere that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is formed through a natural process called the Chapman cycle where oxygen is converted to ozone via photolysis. However, man-made chlorofluorocarbons have been depleting the ozone layer since the 1970s. Ozone depletion occurs when CFCs release chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone. This has led to health and environmental effects from increased UV exposure such as skin cancer. International agreements have sought to regulate ozone depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover.
Ozone layer depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion, which is the wearing down of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation from the sun. Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by human activities like the use of chlorofluorocarbons in industries. This leads to impacts like increased skin cancer and damage to agriculture and marine life. Some measures to prevent further ozone layer depletion include limiting CFC use, switching to alternative refrigerants, and enacting regulations on emissions.
Unit3.2 atmospheric pollution
Smog is a mixture of smoke and fog that was originally caused by coal burning but now results from other pollutants as well. It is a problem in many cities and harms human health, especially for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly. Smog can cause respiratory inflammation and symptoms like coughing and difficulty breathing. Hospital admissions increase when ozone levels are high. A new type of smog called photochemical smog forms from sunlight reacting with pollutants. Temperature inversions can trap smog near the ground. The Montreal Protocol was successful in reducing ozone-depleting substances to protect the ozone layer through international cooperation.
Ozone depletion
Ozone depletion is primarily caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were historically used in air conditioners, refrigerators, aerosol sprays, and plastic foams. CFCs undergo chemical reactions in the atmosphere that destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere. This has led to a large ozone hole forming over Antarctica that is enlarging and could take over 50 years to restore. The thinning ozone layer allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, increasing risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to plants and marine life.
Photochemical formation of smog
PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION OF SMOG
Photochemical Reactions in Atmosphere
What is Smog ?
Formation of Photochemical smog
Probable Mechanism for Smog formation
Great smog of london1
The Great Smog of 1952 in London was a severe air pollution event lasting from December 5-9, 1952. Cold weather and temperature inversions trapped coal and industrial emissions in the lower atmosphere, creating thick smog that reduced visibility and brought transportation to a standstill. The smog caused over 12,000 deaths from respiratory illnesses and diseases, with 4000 deaths directly attributed to the smog period. The event increased awareness of air pollution issues and led to the Clean Air Act of 1956 aimed at reducing coal burning and industrial emissions.
smog effect on plant
Smog forms when emissions and particulates react in sunlight and can damage plants. It occurs as yellowish or blackish fog. Smog is caused by the burning of coal, vehicular emissions, and natural sources. It exists in two forms - sulfurous smog in cool, humid conditions with high sulfur oxide levels, and photochemical smog in warm, dry, sunny weather with high nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Smog can block plant stomata, decrease soil pH, and increase disease susceptibility in crops like wheat and soybeans. Solutions include renewable energy, emissions control, energy efficiency, and smog monitoring.
Ozone Depletion
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in blocking harmful UV radiation, and how it has been damaged by CFC emissions. It also describes the Montreal Protocol, an international agreement that regulated CFC production and helped slow ozone depletion. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and protects life on Earth by absorbing 95% of UVB and all UVC radiation. CFCs released the chlorine radicals that catalyzed ozone destruction in a cyclic reaction. The Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and has slowed but not yet reversed ozone layer depletion.
Trouble in the air
This document summarizes information about air pollution and smog. It discusses photochemical smog, which involves nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and ultraviolet light combining to form substances like nitric acid and aldehydes. Thermal and radiation inversions can trap smog near the ground. Acid deposition from rain and gases damages the environment. The ozone layer is depleted by nitrogen oxides and CFCs, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. Chlorofluorocarbons react with ozone and each chlorine atom can destroy many ozone molecules.
Ozone depletion (preetamm iiserb)
1) The document discusses the ozone layer and the effects of ozone depletion on human health and the environment.
2) It describes how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals that destroy the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation levels and potentially causing skin cancer, cataracts, and other negative impacts.
3) International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
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A document introducing the topic of photochemical smog. very useful for the geography topic of climatic hazards.
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Ozone is a bluish gas composed of three oxygen atoms that exists in two main layers in the atmosphere. The majority of ozone exists in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer that protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons released by industry break down in the stratosphere, releasing chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules. This depletion increases ultraviolet radiation at the surface with negative impacts on human health, agriculture, plants, animals and materials. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have led countries to ban ozone-depleting substances to prevent further damage to the protective ozone layer.
Ozone layer
The document discusses the distribution and depletion of the ozone layer. It notes that the thickness of the ozone layer varies globally depending on latitude, seasons, and solar intensity. Depletion of the ozone layer by human actions like CFC emissions could have catastrophic effects by allowing more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth. This would increase health issues like eye cataracts, skin cancer, and immune system suppression in humans. The formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica is a result of CFC release and has been proven to be caused by human activity.
Ozone Layer depletion C.U.EBONG
The document discusses the stratospheric ozone layer, the causes and impacts of its depletion, and efforts to address the problem. It notes that the ozone layer protects the Earth from UV radiation but has been thinning due to ozone-depleting substances like CFCs. Increased UV exposure can harm humans, agriculture, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol banned production of major ozone-depleting chemicals and governments are regulating their use, but continued actions are needed to prevent further ozone layer depletion.
Lecture1530778260
This lecture note document provides an overview of air pollution and environmental science. It defines air pollution and lists various air pollutants like sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Primary pollutants are directly emitted while secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants react. Major sources of air pollution include industries, vehicles, agriculture, and natural sources like volcanoes. Air pollutants can harm human health and plants. Control methods aim to destroy or remove pollutants using devices like cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, and scrubbers.
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Air pollution is caused by excessive amounts of unwanted gases in the atmosphere from various sources such as vehicles, factories, power plants, and natural sources. The main types of air pollution include smog, acid rain, and greenhouse gases that cause global warming. The effects of air pollution are serious and include health impacts from smog, environmental damage from acid rain, and long-term consequences of global warming such as rising sea levels. One example is the Taj Mahal, where air pollution is discoloring and corroding the white marble monument. Reducing activities that produce air pollution can help prevent further damage.
Air Pollution
The document discusses various types of air pollution including their natural and man-made causes. It describes primary and secondary pollutants and defines smog as a combination of smoke and fog produced when nitrogen compounds and VOCs react with sunlight to form ozone. Specific types of pollution like particulate matter, acid rain, and chlorofluorocarbons are examined along with their environmental damage and health effects both short and long term from exposure to air pollution.
Ozone Depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion, its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It defines the ozone layer and depletion, noting a large hole observed over the poles. The worst affected region is Antarctica, where ozone levels have dropped over 50% since 1975. Main causes of depletion include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur, and stratospheric clouds containing chlorine and bromine. Depletion leads to increased UV rays and consequences like higher skin cancer rates, reduced crop yields, and damage to planktons and eyes. Suggested solutions include phasing out pollutants, international cooperation, and destroying CFCs.
ozone depletion
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
• Introduction
Ozone
Ozone layer
• Ozone–oxygen cycle
Chapman cycle
• Ozone Depletion
• Ozone Hole
• Effect Of Ozone Depletion
• Solution
• World Ozone Day
Ozone
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
Destruction Of The Ozone Layer
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants, aerosols, and other products are destroying the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. This depletion causes increased skin cancer, cataracts, damage to crops and plankton, and impacts the Earth's climate. While reducing CFC use helps, fully phasing out these chemicals is needed to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
Ozone depletion and imacts
The document discusses ozone depletion and its impacts. It defines the ozone layer and explains its importance in protecting life on Earth from UV radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere break down ozone molecules. This allows more UV radiation to reach the surface, affecting global warming, human health, agriculture, and marine ecosystems. The document traces the history of ozone depletion research and international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to regulate CFC emissions and limit further damage to the ozone layer.
Smog ppt
Smog is air pollution that reduces visibility and is caused by a combination of smoke and fog. It forms when pollutants from vehicles, factories, and other sources are released into the atmosphere and remain suspended under certain conditions. There are two main types of smog: sulfurous smog, which results from high sulfur oxide levels from burning coal and causes London-style smog; and photochemical smog, also called Los Angeles smog, which forms from nitrogen oxides and organic compounds reacting in sunlight to create secondary pollutants. Smog has negative health effects like respiratory issues and is a problem in some Pakistani cities due to industrial and transportation pollution.
Air pollution
This document discusses air pollution and its causes and effects. It defines air pollution as the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere that harm humans or the environment. Both outdoor and indoor air pollution are issues, with indoor pollution listed as one of the world's worst problems. Pollutants are classified as either primary (directly emitted) or secondary (formed in the air from other pollutants interacting), and major primary pollutants from human activity are identified as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and more. Air pollution has been linked to various health hazards.
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1) The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation. It is formed when oxygen molecules interact with solar radiation.
2) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from products like aerosol sprays are the primary cause of ozone layer depletion, as chlorine atoms from CFCs destroy ozone molecules.
3) Depletion of the ozone layer leads to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, which can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and harm plants and plankton. International agreements have led to a ban on CFCs to allow
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smog effect on plant
Smog forms when emissions and particulates react in sunlight and can damage plants. It occurs as yellowish or blackish fog. Smog is caused by the burning of coal, vehicular emissions, and natural sources. It exists in two forms - sulfurous smog in cool, humid conditions with high sulfur oxide levels, and photochemical smog in warm, dry, sunny weather with high nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Smog can block plant stomata, decrease soil pH, and increase disease susceptibility in crops like wheat and soybeans. Solutions include renewable energy, emissions control, energy efficiency, and smog monitoring.
Ozone Depletion
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in blocking harmful UV radiation, and how it has been damaged by CFC emissions. It also describes the Montreal Protocol, an international agreement that regulated CFC production and helped slow ozone depletion. The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and protects life on Earth by absorbing 95% of UVB and all UVC radiation. CFCs released the chlorine radicals that catalyzed ozone destruction in a cyclic reaction. The Montreal Protocol phased out CFC production and has slowed but not yet reversed ozone layer depletion.
Trouble in the air
This document summarizes information about air pollution and smog. It discusses photochemical smog, which involves nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and ultraviolet light combining to form substances like nitric acid and aldehydes. Thermal and radiation inversions can trap smog near the ground. Acid deposition from rain and gases damages the environment. The ozone layer is depleted by nitrogen oxides and CFCs, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. Chlorofluorocarbons react with ozone and each chlorine atom can destroy many ozone molecules.
Ozone depletion (preetamm iiserb)
1) The document discusses the ozone layer and the effects of ozone depletion on human health and the environment.
2) It describes how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released chemicals that destroy the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation levels and potentially causing skin cancer, cataracts, and other negative impacts.
3) International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
Photochemical Smog
A document introducing the topic of photochemical smog. very useful for the geography topic of climatic hazards.
Presentation on ozone depletion
Ozone is a bluish gas composed of three oxygen atoms that exists in two main layers in the atmosphere. The majority of ozone exists in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer that protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons released by industry break down in the stratosphere, releasing chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules. This depletion increases ultraviolet radiation at the surface with negative impacts on human health, agriculture, plants, animals and materials. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have led countries to ban ozone-depleting substances to prevent further damage to the protective ozone layer.
Ozone layer
The document discusses the distribution and depletion of the ozone layer. It notes that the thickness of the ozone layer varies globally depending on latitude, seasons, and solar intensity. Depletion of the ozone layer by human actions like CFC emissions could have catastrophic effects by allowing more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth. This would increase health issues like eye cataracts, skin cancer, and immune system suppression in humans. The formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica is a result of CFC release and has been proven to be caused by human activity.
Ozone Layer depletion C.U.EBONG
The document discusses the stratospheric ozone layer, the causes and impacts of its depletion, and efforts to address the problem. It notes that the ozone layer protects the Earth from UV radiation but has been thinning due to ozone-depleting substances like CFCs. Increased UV exposure can harm humans, agriculture, and ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol banned production of major ozone-depleting chemicals and governments are regulating their use, but continued actions are needed to prevent further ozone layer depletion.
Lecture1530778260
This lecture note document provides an overview of air pollution and environmental science. It defines air pollution and lists various air pollutants like sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Primary pollutants are directly emitted while secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants react. Major sources of air pollution include industries, vehicles, agriculture, and natural sources like volcanoes. Air pollutants can harm human health and plants. Control methods aim to destroy or remove pollutants using devices like cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, and scrubbers.
Air pollution (NCERT Class 8) Ln: Air and Water Pollution
Air pollution is caused by excessive amounts of unwanted gases in the atmosphere from various sources such as vehicles, factories, power plants, and natural sources. The main types of air pollution include smog, acid rain, and greenhouse gases that cause global warming. The effects of air pollution are serious and include health impacts from smog, environmental damage from acid rain, and long-term consequences of global warming such as rising sea levels. One example is the Taj Mahal, where air pollution is discoloring and corroding the white marble monument. Reducing activities that produce air pollution can help prevent further damage.
Air Pollution
The document discusses various types of air pollution including their natural and man-made causes. It describes primary and secondary pollutants and defines smog as a combination of smoke and fog produced when nitrogen compounds and VOCs react with sunlight to form ozone. Specific types of pollution like particulate matter, acid rain, and chlorofluorocarbons are examined along with their environmental damage and health effects both short and long term from exposure to air pollution.
Ozone Depletion
The document discusses ozone depletion, its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It defines the ozone layer and depletion, noting a large hole observed over the poles. The worst affected region is Antarctica, where ozone levels have dropped over 50% since 1975. Main causes of depletion include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), sulfur, and stratospheric clouds containing chlorine and bromine. Depletion leads to increased UV rays and consequences like higher skin cancer rates, reduced crop yields, and damage to planktons and eyes. Suggested solutions include phasing out pollutants, international cooperation, and destroying CFCs.
ozone depletion
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
• Introduction
Ozone
Ozone layer
• Ozone–oxygen cycle
Chapman cycle
• Ozone Depletion
• Ozone Hole
• Effect Of Ozone Depletion
• Solution
• World Ozone Day
Ozone
The document discusses the ozone layer, its importance in shielding the Earth from UV radiation, and the threats to it. It notes that ozone is found mainly in the stratosphere, where it forms the ozone layer between 6-30 miles above the surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun's UV rays and plays a key role in atmospheric temperature. However, chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances have damaged the ozone layer, leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. This depletion increases UV levels and can harm both human health and the environment. International agreements like the Montreal Protocol have sought to phase out ozone-harming chemicals and find alternatives.
Ozone layer depletion ppt
The ozone layer absorbs most UV radiation from the sun. It contains high concentrations of ozone and is mainly located in the lower stratosphere. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated compounds released by human activities are the primary cause of ozone depletion by destroying ozone molecules. This has led to a 4% decline in ozone per decade and the formation of an ozone hole over Antarctica. Increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion poses risks to human health, animals, and crop production. The Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances to protect the ozone layer.
Destruction Of The Ozone Layer
The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. However, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in refrigerants, aerosols, and other products are destroying the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms that break down ozone molecules. This depletion causes increased skin cancer, cataracts, damage to crops and plankton, and impacts the Earth's climate. While reducing CFC use helps, fully phasing out these chemicals is needed to allow the ozone layer to recover over time.
Ozone depletion and imacts
The document discusses ozone depletion and its impacts. It defines the ozone layer and explains its importance in protecting life on Earth from UV radiation. Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released into the atmosphere break down ozone molecules. This allows more UV radiation to reach the surface, affecting global warming, human health, agriculture, and marine ecosystems. The document traces the history of ozone depletion research and international agreements like the Montreal Protocol to regulate CFC emissions and limit further damage to the ozone layer.
Smog ppt
Smog is air pollution that reduces visibility and is caused by a combination of smoke and fog. It forms when pollutants from vehicles, factories, and other sources are released into the atmosphere and remain suspended under certain conditions. There are two main types of smog: sulfurous smog, which results from high sulfur oxide levels from burning coal and causes London-style smog; and photochemical smog, also called Los Angeles smog, which forms from nitrogen oxides and organic compounds reacting in sunlight to create secondary pollutants. Smog has negative health effects like respiratory issues and is a problem in some Pakistani cities due to industrial and transportation pollution.
Air pollution
This document discusses air pollution and its causes and effects. It defines air pollution as the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere that harm humans or the environment. Both outdoor and indoor air pollution are issues, with indoor pollution listed as one of the world's worst problems. Pollutants are classified as either primary (directly emitted) or secondary (formed in the air from other pollutants interacting), and major primary pollutants from human activity are identified as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and more. Air pollution has been linked to various health hazards.
Ozone depletion presentation Mr.P.R.Tambe
The document summarizes information about the ozone layer, including:
1) The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere that protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation. It is formed when oxygen molecules interact with solar radiation.
2) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from products like aerosol sprays are the primary cause of ozone layer depletion, as chlorine atoms from CFCs destroy ozone molecules.
3) Depletion of the ozone layer leads to increased UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, which can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and harm plants and plankton. International agreements have led to a ban on CFCs to allow
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Air pollution (NCERT Class 8) Ln: Air and Water Pollution
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ביקור בחצר האיכרים הבנימינית
יום גיבוש לחברה, לקבוצה מאורגנת ולפרטיים
מפיקי אירועים ותיירנים יכולים לשלב את חצר האיכרים ביום הטיול/סיור כתחנה או ליצור יום שלם סביב בנימינה כאשר אסמביה היא מרכז התוכן דרך סיור מודרך בבנימינה ובכרמים, טעימת יינות וארוחה או סדנת בישול
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The document appears to be a catalog listing various dress shirts, ties, and accessories. It provides product codes, descriptions, and images of shirts, ties, bow ties, and accessories from different collections or lines. The shirts are listed with details on materials, collar styles, cuff styles, and color/pattern options. The ties and accessories are shown with product codes and color/pattern swatches. The document shows approximately 50 pages of shirts, ties, and accessories from different suppliers and collections.
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This document provides information about upcoming events and schedules for the Spring River Assembly of God church. It includes the nursery and greeter schedules for February, notices about connecting with the church on social media and their website, details on weekly programs, requests for volunteers like bus drivers, and announcements for new Sunday evening and Wednesday night series, as well as upcoming events for men's and women's ministries.
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在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Green Tribunal Andaman
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Effect Of Temperature On Plants Development.pptx
How change in temperature effect the growth of Plants.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation data
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
World earth day powe point presentation 2024
Earth Day How has technology changed our life?
Thinkers/Inquiry • How has our ability to think and inquire helped to advance technology?
Vocabulary • Nature Deficit Disorder~ A condition that some people maintain is a spreading affliction especially affecting youth but also their adult counterparts, characterized by an excessive lack of familiarity with the outdoors and the natural world. • Precautionary Principle~ The approach whereby any possible risk associated with the introduction of a new technology is largely avoided, until a full understanding of its impact on health, environment and other areas is available.
What is technology? • Brainstorm a list of technology that you use everyday that your parents or grandparents did not have. • Compare your list with a partner.
快速办理(Manchester毕业证书)曼彻斯特大学毕业证录取通知书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manchester毕业证书)曼彻斯特大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation data
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Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
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BASIC CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT AND DIFFERENT CONSTITUTENET OF ENVIRONMENT
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Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
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Pollution
- 1. POLLUTION Done by Omar Yasser 6b
- 2. AIR POLLUTION) OCCURS WHEN GASES, DUST PARTICLES, FUMES (OR SMOKE) OR ODOR ARE INTRODUCED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE IN A WAY THAT MAKES IT HARMFUL TO HUMANS, ANIMALS AND PLANT. THIS IS BECAUSE THE AIR BECOMES DIRTY (CONTAMINATED OR UNCLEAN).
- 3. Types of pollution Primary pollutants are those gases or particles that are pumped into the air to make it unclean. They include carbon monoxide from automobile (cars) exhausts and sulfur dioxide from the combustion of coal. .
- 4. Secondary pollutants:. When pollutants in the air mix up in a chemical reaction, they form an even more dangerous chemical. Photochemical smog is an example of this, and is a secondary pollutant
- 5. What causes air pollution? Air pollution can result from both human and natural actions. Natural events that pollute the air include forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds and natural radioactivity. Pollution from natural occurrences are not very often.
- 6. Air pollution and human health Air pollution can cause serious health problems. children elderly people and people with asthma; allergies lung problems and heart problems are especially vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Short terms of the effects of air pollution is immediately noticeable is coughing headaches eye effect.
- 7. Ozone layer The ozone hole is an annual thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, caused by stratospheric chlorine. Other more moderate thinning have also been called "ozone holes", such as that r over the North Pole during certain weather conditions
- 8. Cause of the ozone layer The cause of the ozone holes is generally agreed to be CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) compounds which break down due to ultraviolet light and become free radicals containing chlorine high in the Earth's atmosphere These radicals then break down the ozone catalytically[Ozone destruction due to chlorine radicals from CFCs can take place in the gas phase, but occurs particularly rapidly on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC), which form over the poles (particularly the south pole) during winter
- 10. END OF PRESENTATION THANK YOU 8/12/2013