This study examined the extent to which changes in government and political issues have affected the
non-manufacturing sector of the economy putting the hospitality industry as the study base. The study covered
both private and public owned hotels in Rivers State capital, Port Harcourt. Data were collected and analyzed
using simple percentage and frequency distribution table. The results of our study revealed a link that
management of this organization amongst others has contributed to its poor performance. The study concluded
that incessant changes in government and their massive interference in the management of this industry have
great effect. Also, political instability and legal system contributed greatly to their failure. It was therefore
recommended that this sector of the economy should be privatized and not be allowed to be controlled by
government selection and appointment. Management positions should be based on managerial capabilities and
knowledge. Also, educational trainings and seminars should be often conducted to improve knowledge.
The Causal Analysis of the Relationship between Inflation and Output Gap in T...inventionjournals
The purpose of the paper is to study dynamic relationships between the inflation and output gap by using Granger causality, Impulse response and variance decompositions analysis within VECM framework for the quarterly data over the first period of 2003 and second period of 2016. The results of the study indicate that the output gap Granger cause the inflation in Turkey both in short-and long-runs. Also, sign of the causality is negative and same causal relationships between two variables hold beyond the sample period. The results should be taken as an evidence of the conclusion that the output gap has important implications for the CBRT's monetary policy.
Analysis of hotel industry in porter's five competitive forcesKrati Chouhan
The document analyzes the hotel industry using Porter's Five Competitive Forces model. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the hotel industry globally. The analysis finds that rivalry in the industry is intense as there are many competitors. However, hotels can differentiate themselves through good location and quality service. Supplier power is moderate as real estate companies and labor are important but not overwhelmingly powerful suppliers. Buyer power is also moderate as switching costs are low but brand loyalty remains important. The threat of substitutes is also moderate as alternatives like domestic travel may replace international travel during economic downturns.
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyrigh.docxdaniahendric
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission.
Please do not reply directly to this email.
annette tyler sent you the following:
Email 1 of 1
Table of contents
1. US hotel industry revenue: an ARDL bounds testing approach
Bibliography
Document 1 of 1
US hotel industry revenue: an ARDL bounds testing approach
Author: Chen, Han1; Chen, Rui2; Shaniel Bernard3; Rahman, Imran31 Lester E. Kabacoff School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Administration, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA3 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
Publication info: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ; Bradford Vol. 31, Iss. 4, (2019): 1720-1743.
ProQuest document link
Abstract:
Purpose
This study aims to develop a parsimonious model to estimate US aggregate hotel industry revenue using domestic trips, consumer confidence index, international inbound trips, personal consumption expenditure and number of hotel rooms as predictor variables. Additionally, the study applied the model in six sub-segments of the hotel industry – luxury, upper upscale, upscale, upper midscale, midscale and economy.
Design/methodology/approach
Using monthly aggregate data from the past 22 years, the study adopted the auto-regressive distribute lags (ARDL) approach in developing the estimation model. Unit root analysis and cointegration test were further utilized. The model showed significant utility in accurately estimating aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Findings
All predictor variables except number of rooms showed significant positive influences on aggregate hotel industry revenue. Substantial variations were noted regarding estimating sub-segment revenue. Consumer confidence index positively affected all sub-segment revenues, except for upper upscale hotels. Inbound trips by international tourists and personal consumption expenditure positively influenced revenue for all sub-segments but economy hotels. Domestic trips by US residents added significant explanatory power to only upper upscale, upscale and economy hotel revenue. Number of hotel rooms only had significant negative effect on luxury and upper upscale hotel sub-segment revenues.
Practical implications
Hotel operators can make marketing and operating decisions regarding pricing, inventory allocation and strategic management based on the revenue estimation models specific to their segments.
Originality/value
It is the first study that adopted the ARDL bound approach and analyzed the predictive capacity of macroeconomic variables on aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Links: Full Text
Full text:
1. Introduction
The tourism industry has positioned itself as one of the nation’s largest employers representing 8.0 pe ...
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyrighAzaleeRutledge285
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission.
Please do not reply directly to this email.
annette tyler sent you the following:
Email 1 of 1
Table of contents
Document 1 of 1
US hotel industry revenue: an ARDL bounds testing approach
Author: Chen, Han1; Chen, Rui2; Shaniel Bernard3; Rahman, Imran31 Lester E. Kabacoff School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Administration, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA3 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
Publication info: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ; Bradford Vol. 31, Iss. 4, (2019): 1720-1743.
Abstract:
Purpose
This study aims to develop a parsimonious model to estimate US aggregate hotel industry revenue using domestic trips, consumer confidence index, international inbound trips, personal consumption expenditure and number of hotel rooms as predictor variables. Additionally, the study applied the model in six sub-segments of the hotel industry – luxury, upper upscale, upscale, upper midscale, midscale and economy.
Design/methodology/approach
Using monthly aggregate data from the past 22 years, the study adopted the auto-regressive distribute lags (ARDL) approach in developing the estimation model. Unit root analysis and cointegration test were further utilized. The model showed significant utility in accurately estimating aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Findings
All predictor variables except number of rooms showed significant positive influences on aggregate hotel industry revenue. Substantial variations were noted regarding estimating sub-segment revenue. Consumer confidence index positively affected all sub-segment revenues, except for upper upscale hotels. Inbound trips by international tourists and personal consumption expenditure positively influenced revenue for all sub-segments but economy hotels. Domestic trips by US residents added significant explanatory power to only upper upscale, upscale and economy hotel revenue. Number of hotel rooms only had significant negative effect on luxury and upper upscale hotel sub-segment revenues.
Practical implications
Hotel operators can make marketing and operating decisions regarding pricing, inventory allocation and strategic management based on the revenue estimation models specific to their segments.
Originality/value
It is the first study that adopted the ARDL bound approach and analyzed the predictive capacity of macroeconomic variables on aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Links:
Full text:
1. Introduction
The tourism industry has positioned itself as one of the nation’s largest employers representing 8.0 per cent of US GDP (World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), 2015). The lodging industry, being one of its ...
The document provides an overview of an exercise to analyze a hospitality organization's task environment. The objectives are to understand the task environment, including competitors, suppliers, regulators, and customers. Tasks include completing forms to analyze these factors and how they are impacted by remote environmental forces. The evaluation criteria focus on describing the business, task environment analysis, identifying issues and linking them to remote forces, and explaining relationships between driving forces and value drivers.
Harvard style essay tourism leisure and hospitality revisedCustomEssayOrder
1) The document analyzes the tourism, leisure, and hospitality industry using Porter's five forces model of competitive analysis.
2) The five forces include the bargaining power of consumers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants and substitute products, and the rivalry among existing competitors.
3) Porter's model is well-suited for analyzing this industry due to factors like the bargaining power of consumers, the threat of new firms entering the market, and the intense competition among existing competitors.
The hospitality industry is complex and diverse, covering sectors like hotels, restaurants, recreation, and travel. It aims to welcome and look after guests' needs when away from home through food, accommodation, and entertainment. A key part of providing hospitality is making guests feel valued through friendly, respectful service. The document discusses trends in the industry like increasing technology use and aging populations, as well as characteristics like providing largely intangible services and operating continuously. It emphasizes that customer service is paramount in hospitality and outlines models for delivering excellent service.
Influence Of French Food On The Food Service IndustrySandy Harwell
The document discusses the influence of French cuisine on the food service industry in the United States. It notes that French food has had a large impact for many centuries due to delicacies like escargots and foie gras. One of the most obvious influences is seen in New Orleans, which was founded by the French and still retains French and Creole influences in its cuisine. However, French food has expanded beyond this and can be found in many different forms across the country due to its popularity and complexity.
The Causal Analysis of the Relationship between Inflation and Output Gap in T...inventionjournals
The purpose of the paper is to study dynamic relationships between the inflation and output gap by using Granger causality, Impulse response and variance decompositions analysis within VECM framework for the quarterly data over the first period of 2003 and second period of 2016. The results of the study indicate that the output gap Granger cause the inflation in Turkey both in short-and long-runs. Also, sign of the causality is negative and same causal relationships between two variables hold beyond the sample period. The results should be taken as an evidence of the conclusion that the output gap has important implications for the CBRT's monetary policy.
Analysis of hotel industry in porter's five competitive forcesKrati Chouhan
The document analyzes the hotel industry using Porter's Five Competitive Forces model. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the hotel industry globally. The analysis finds that rivalry in the industry is intense as there are many competitors. However, hotels can differentiate themselves through good location and quality service. Supplier power is moderate as real estate companies and labor are important but not overwhelmingly powerful suppliers. Buyer power is also moderate as switching costs are low but brand loyalty remains important. The threat of substitutes is also moderate as alternatives like domestic travel may replace international travel during economic downturns.
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyrigh.docxdaniahendric
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission.
Please do not reply directly to this email.
annette tyler sent you the following:
Email 1 of 1
Table of contents
1. US hotel industry revenue: an ARDL bounds testing approach
Bibliography
Document 1 of 1
US hotel industry revenue: an ARDL bounds testing approach
Author: Chen, Han1; Chen, Rui2; Shaniel Bernard3; Rahman, Imran31 Lester E. Kabacoff School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Administration, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA3 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
Publication info: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ; Bradford Vol. 31, Iss. 4, (2019): 1720-1743.
ProQuest document link
Abstract:
Purpose
This study aims to develop a parsimonious model to estimate US aggregate hotel industry revenue using domestic trips, consumer confidence index, international inbound trips, personal consumption expenditure and number of hotel rooms as predictor variables. Additionally, the study applied the model in six sub-segments of the hotel industry – luxury, upper upscale, upscale, upper midscale, midscale and economy.
Design/methodology/approach
Using monthly aggregate data from the past 22 years, the study adopted the auto-regressive distribute lags (ARDL) approach in developing the estimation model. Unit root analysis and cointegration test were further utilized. The model showed significant utility in accurately estimating aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Findings
All predictor variables except number of rooms showed significant positive influences on aggregate hotel industry revenue. Substantial variations were noted regarding estimating sub-segment revenue. Consumer confidence index positively affected all sub-segment revenues, except for upper upscale hotels. Inbound trips by international tourists and personal consumption expenditure positively influenced revenue for all sub-segments but economy hotels. Domestic trips by US residents added significant explanatory power to only upper upscale, upscale and economy hotel revenue. Number of hotel rooms only had significant negative effect on luxury and upper upscale hotel sub-segment revenues.
Practical implications
Hotel operators can make marketing and operating decisions regarding pricing, inventory allocation and strategic management based on the revenue estimation models specific to their segments.
Originality/value
It is the first study that adopted the ARDL bound approach and analyzed the predictive capacity of macroeconomic variables on aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Links: Full Text
Full text:
1. Introduction
The tourism industry has positioned itself as one of the nation’s largest employers representing 8.0 pe ...
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyrighAzaleeRutledge285
All documents are reproduced with the permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction or distribution is prohibited without permission.
Please do not reply directly to this email.
annette tyler sent you the following:
Email 1 of 1
Table of contents
Document 1 of 1
US hotel industry revenue: an ARDL bounds testing approach
Author: Chen, Han1; Chen, Rui2; Shaniel Bernard3; Rahman, Imran31 Lester E. Kabacoff School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Administration, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA3 Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
Publication info: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management ; Bradford Vol. 31, Iss. 4, (2019): 1720-1743.
Abstract:
Purpose
This study aims to develop a parsimonious model to estimate US aggregate hotel industry revenue using domestic trips, consumer confidence index, international inbound trips, personal consumption expenditure and number of hotel rooms as predictor variables. Additionally, the study applied the model in six sub-segments of the hotel industry – luxury, upper upscale, upscale, upper midscale, midscale and economy.
Design/methodology/approach
Using monthly aggregate data from the past 22 years, the study adopted the auto-regressive distribute lags (ARDL) approach in developing the estimation model. Unit root analysis and cointegration test were further utilized. The model showed significant utility in accurately estimating aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Findings
All predictor variables except number of rooms showed significant positive influences on aggregate hotel industry revenue. Substantial variations were noted regarding estimating sub-segment revenue. Consumer confidence index positively affected all sub-segment revenues, except for upper upscale hotels. Inbound trips by international tourists and personal consumption expenditure positively influenced revenue for all sub-segments but economy hotels. Domestic trips by US residents added significant explanatory power to only upper upscale, upscale and economy hotel revenue. Number of hotel rooms only had significant negative effect on luxury and upper upscale hotel sub-segment revenues.
Practical implications
Hotel operators can make marketing and operating decisions regarding pricing, inventory allocation and strategic management based on the revenue estimation models specific to their segments.
Originality/value
It is the first study that adopted the ARDL bound approach and analyzed the predictive capacity of macroeconomic variables on aggregate hotel industry and sub-segment revenue.
Links:
Full text:
1. Introduction
The tourism industry has positioned itself as one of the nation’s largest employers representing 8.0 per cent of US GDP (World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), 2015). The lodging industry, being one of its ...
The document provides an overview of an exercise to analyze a hospitality organization's task environment. The objectives are to understand the task environment, including competitors, suppliers, regulators, and customers. Tasks include completing forms to analyze these factors and how they are impacted by remote environmental forces. The evaluation criteria focus on describing the business, task environment analysis, identifying issues and linking them to remote forces, and explaining relationships between driving forces and value drivers.
Harvard style essay tourism leisure and hospitality revisedCustomEssayOrder
1) The document analyzes the tourism, leisure, and hospitality industry using Porter's five forces model of competitive analysis.
2) The five forces include the bargaining power of consumers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants and substitute products, and the rivalry among existing competitors.
3) Porter's model is well-suited for analyzing this industry due to factors like the bargaining power of consumers, the threat of new firms entering the market, and the intense competition among existing competitors.
The hospitality industry is complex and diverse, covering sectors like hotels, restaurants, recreation, and travel. It aims to welcome and look after guests' needs when away from home through food, accommodation, and entertainment. A key part of providing hospitality is making guests feel valued through friendly, respectful service. The document discusses trends in the industry like increasing technology use and aging populations, as well as characteristics like providing largely intangible services and operating continuously. It emphasizes that customer service is paramount in hospitality and outlines models for delivering excellent service.
Influence Of French Food On The Food Service IndustrySandy Harwell
The document discusses the influence of French cuisine on the food service industry in the United States. It notes that French food has had a large impact for many centuries due to delicacies like escargots and foie gras. One of the most obvious influences is seen in New Orleans, which was founded by the French and still retains French and Creole influences in its cuisine. However, French food has expanded beyond this and can be found in many different forms across the country due to its popularity and complexity.
This document provides an overview of strategic management in the hospitality and tourism industry. It defines hospitality and tourism to include various organizations like hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and attractions. The industry is a major global economic driver, producing over 11% of GDP and employing over 10% of the workforce. However, defining the industry is challenging due to different perspectives. The document then discusses characteristics of hospitality and tourism organizations, including inseparability of production and consumption, perishability of unconsumed services, and heterogeneity between customer experiences. It also categorizes organization types and sizes within the industry.
The hospitality industry is a service industry that aims to create wealth by satisfying guests. It includes sectors like hotels, restaurants, clubs, food service, event planning, tourism businesses, and travel providers. The product or service is often intangible, and quality is impacted by the service delivery. Hospitality involves welcoming and caring for guests' basic needs, especially food, drink, and accommodation. Employees are part of the product itself, so guests must feel valued for satisfaction. The hospitality and tourism industry meets people's needs with kindness away from home through food/drink, lodging, recreation, and travel sectors. It is a diverse and complex global industry involving entrepreneurs, jobs, and economic levels.
The hospitality industry is complex and involves providing food, accommodation, and services to people away from home. It aims to create wealth for shareholders by satisfying guests. Key sectors include hotels, restaurants, clubs, and travel providers. Guest satisfaction relies on both high-quality services and employees who make guests feel valued. The industry faces trends like increasing technology use, an aging population, and growing demand for leisure travel and stress reduction activities. Success requires focusing on guest needs, maintaining a strong service culture, and adapting to changes.
The document discusses strategies for quality service in tourism and hospitality. It begins by outlining the chapter objectives, which are to understand business strategy, realize the importance of designing guest experiences, and identify key factors to ensure best service. It then discusses various strategic planning concepts, including Porter's generic strategies of cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies. It emphasizes the importance of strategic planning in service industries like tourism and hospitality. The document also covers analyzing internal strengths and external opportunities/threats, and how different stakeholders like competitors, suppliers, and the labor market can impact strategic planning.
In an increasingly competitive employment arena (1)Anamika Sengupta
1) The document discusses the hospitality industry as one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy that offers many opportunities. It covers the diverse segments of the industry and the growth in jobs projected over the coming decades.
2) It emphasizes the importance of African Americans preparing for careers in this industry through college degrees in hospitality management and gaining hands-on experience through internships and mentorships.
3) Successful careers in hospitality require flexibility, strong customer service and business skills, which can be developed through education and experience opportunities while still a student.
The hospitality industry is complex, covering a wide range of jobs, locations, activities, and economic brackets. It includes four main sectors: food and beverage, lodging, recreation, and travel/tourism. The hospitality field aims to create shareholder wealth by satisfying guests through services. A key aspect is that the service provider is often part of the product itself, so guests want to feel valued by workers providing the service. The industry involves both tangible products like food/rooms and important intangible qualities of staff and service delivery.
A global panel of pundits recently discussed how the pandemic has impacted commercial real estate and hospitality markets.
During the hour and a half long discussion, this cross-section of experts and practitioners from multiple disciplines explored the pandemic's impact on the commercial real estate and hospitality markets.
LO1 Understand the current structure of the hospitality industry
Hospitality industry: hotels; restaurants; pubs, bars and nightclubs; contract food service providers; hospitality services; membership clubs and events; brands and businesses Scale and scope: size; types of ownership; turnover; percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP); purchasing power Diversity: products and services eg food, drink, accommodation, conference and banqueting, leisure facilities; levels of service; customer base Organisational structure: operational areas eg food preparation, food and beverage services, accommodation services, front of house services; functional eg human resources, finance, marketing, research and development, security, maintenance Hospitality-related organisations and professional bodies: as current at time of delivery, to include People 1st, British Hospitality Association, Institute of Hospitality, British Institute of Innkeepers, Springboard UK
This document summarizes a study that surveyed micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the Philippines to determine the types of accounting services they require from public accountancy firms and individual CPAs. The study found that most MSMEs require taxation services, followed by consulting, accounting, and independent audit services. Micro and small enterprises generally require fewer and simpler services than medium enterprises. The study provides details on the business profiles and accounting service needs of the surveyed MSMEs.
Globalization is having both positive and negative impacts on the hotel industry. Positively, it increases the customer base, boosts economies, and promotes cultural exchange. However, it also introduces challenges like language barriers, cultural differences, and seasonal employment. As the hotel industry globalizes, companies must adapt organizational cultures, management styles, structures, and training to diverse international markets and customers. While globalization opens opportunities, hotels must mitigate risks from events in other countries and changing technologies.
This document discusses the impacts of the global economic downturn on the development of hotel operations in India. It identifies three key impacts: changes in strategies, changes in consumer behavior and purchasing patterns, and decreases in pricing and demand levels. The recession has led hotels to change their strategies around marketing, branding and investment. Consumer behavior shifted as people became more cost-conscious and sought out cheaper hotel options. Pricing decreased by 10-20% as occupancy and demand fell, hurting revenues for luxury hotels in India like the Taj group.
The hospitality industry is complex and covers four main sectors: food and beverage, lodging, recreation, and travel. It provides services to people away from home, including food, accommodation, and transportation. The industry employs millions of people worldwide and includes small, large, private, and public businesses that cater to customers from all backgrounds. It is characterized by shift work and focuses on both tangible products like food and rooms as well as intangible qualities like customer service. The objectives of the industry include making guests feel welcome, ensuring operations run smoothly, and maintaining a controlled profitable budget.
TY-BMS SEM 5.............! YUM! BRANDS INC. Gaurav Gupta
The hospitality industry in India is growing rapidly due to increasing tourism and a rising middle class with more disposable income and leisure time. Hotels and restaurants are a key part of the hospitality sector and are intertwined with tourism, providing lodging and food which are essential for both foreign and domestic travelers. The sector is also linked to other industries and provides numerous jobs across various skill levels. Competition in the industry is high as mobility has increased, leading some entrepreneurs to start mobile food vans as an innovative business model in this growing and changing industry.
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International Journal of Hospitality Management 31 (2012) 379– 386
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Hospitality Management
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / i j h o s m a n
xamining the determinants of hotel chain expansion
hrough international franchising
lan Alon a, Liqiang Ni b, Youcheng Wang c,∗
Rollins College, 1000 Holt Ave – 2722, Winter Park, FL 32789, United States
Department of Statistics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2370, United States
Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, 9907 Universal Blvd, Orlando, FL 32819, United States
r t i c l e i n f o
eywords:
ranchising
nternationalization
otel industry
ospitality
a b s t r a c t
This study proposes and tests an agency-based organizational model of internationalization through
franchising in the hotel sector. Using data obtained from a Franchisor Questionnaire 2001–2008, we
analyzed a panel of 117 observations of 17 U.S.-based hotels. Our analysis reveals that a hotel franchisor’s
decision to internationalize through franchising is positively related to the percentage of franchises, the
ayesian data analysis
ratio of franchised units to the total number of units. The article contributes to the literature by empirically
modeling international franchising of hotels, which present unique characteristics among franchising
companies, with a high investment capital requirement, maturity in the product life cycle, and a high
level of standardization and globalization of operations. The unique characteristics of individual chains
and their segment in the industry are particularly important, as revealed by both data analysis and expert
opinion.
. Introduction
In the U.S. economy the service sector has undergone tremen-
ous growth in the past several decades, with the hospitality
ndustry one of the major contributors to this fast-paced growth
Ketchen et al., 2006). Unlike most other service sectors, the hotel
ndustry is generally capital-intensive and its logistics and sup-
ly chain can be as complex as those in manufacturing operations
Chen and Dimou, 2005). For hotel companies, this can be a big
bstacle to an equity-based expansion model in various markets,
articularly in the international market. Thus, it raises the issue of
he importance of the internationalization process through fran-
hising as a non-equity-based expansion strategy.
Franchising provides scope for rapid international expansion
or hotel companies and has the potential to overcome many of
he cultural, linguistic, technical, legal, and employment problems
ommonly associated with internationalization (Abell, 1990). Hotel
hains prefer to use non-equity forms of org.
A Study on Marketing Mix of Hospitality Industry.pdfKathryn Patel
This document provides an abstract for a study on the marketing mix of the hospitality industry in India. It discusses how the hospitality industry, including hotels, hostels, and restaurants, has grown significantly in India in recent years, supported by government initiatives. The study aims to examine aspects of the marketing mix that can be improved to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty for the hospitality sector. It provides a literature review on previous research conducted on factors influencing customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry, such as facilities, services, image, and innovation.
Wassim Zhani Management Final Project Part II.pdfWassim Zhani
1. Prospecting is a set of techniques used by companies to identify and convert potential customers. It should be an ongoing, systematic process to maintain attention on a company's products and services.
2. Prospecting tools include direct marketing, events, press relations, and advertising. These tools require strategic use to strengthen existing business and secure a company's future against risks like competition and market changes.
3. A differentiation strategy can provide competitive advantage by addressing specific customer categories with unique or innovative concepts. However, it risks customers not valuing differences enough or competitors copying quickly.
The document discusses the ecolodge marketplace. It finds that the ecolodge market is expected to grow 10% annually due to increasing ecotourism. The key market is Americans, but ecotourists also come from Europe, Canada, Australia and elsewhere. They tend to be educated professionals with moderate to high incomes. Half travel independently while half take tours, with Europeans more likely to travel independently. Ecotourists seek authentic natural and cultural experiences in accommodations like ecolodges that emphasize conservation, community benefits, and education.
Innovations as Drivers of Performance in the Hospitality Industry A Study of ...ijtsrd
This study examined innovations as drivers of performance in the hospitality industry A study of selected in Awka, Anambra State. Specifically, the study modelled the effect of product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation on the performance of hotels in Awaka, Anambra State using descriptive statistics and econometric regression model of the ordinary least square. Findings revealed that product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation are significant determinants of performance in the selected hotels in Awka. They also show a positive relationship with the performance of the hotels the joint effect of the explanatory variable in the model account for 85 of the variations in the performance of the hotels. Based on the analysis and findings of this study, the researcher therefore recommends that Management of hotels should strive to hire managers who are innovative and proactive in improving service delivery processes on a continuing and consistent basis. This will enable the hotels to remain competitive. Staff with the cognate academic background and experience should be employed to manage hotels. This is because they are the people that are in a better position to initiate innovative ideas. Hotels in Awka should engage the services of management consultants for their strategic plans and the attendant implementation strategy on the various key drivers of innovation, in order to enhance their performance and become competitive in the market. Nwangene, Ogochukwu Christian | Dibua, Emmanuel Chijioke | Edoko, Tonna David "Innovations as Drivers of Performance in the Hospitality Industry: A Study of Selected Hotels in Awka, Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25296.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/25296/innovations-as-drivers-of-performance-in-the-hospitality-industry-a-study-of-selected-hotels-in-awka-anambra-state/nwangene-ogochukwu-christian
An Examination of Effectuation Dimension as Financing Practice of Small and M...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Does Goods and Services Tax (GST) Leads to Indian Economic Development?iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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This document provides an overview of strategic management in the hospitality and tourism industry. It defines hospitality and tourism to include various organizations like hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and attractions. The industry is a major global economic driver, producing over 11% of GDP and employing over 10% of the workforce. However, defining the industry is challenging due to different perspectives. The document then discusses characteristics of hospitality and tourism organizations, including inseparability of production and consumption, perishability of unconsumed services, and heterogeneity between customer experiences. It also categorizes organization types and sizes within the industry.
The hospitality industry is a service industry that aims to create wealth by satisfying guests. It includes sectors like hotels, restaurants, clubs, food service, event planning, tourism businesses, and travel providers. The product or service is often intangible, and quality is impacted by the service delivery. Hospitality involves welcoming and caring for guests' basic needs, especially food, drink, and accommodation. Employees are part of the product itself, so guests must feel valued for satisfaction. The hospitality and tourism industry meets people's needs with kindness away from home through food/drink, lodging, recreation, and travel sectors. It is a diverse and complex global industry involving entrepreneurs, jobs, and economic levels.
The hospitality industry is complex and involves providing food, accommodation, and services to people away from home. It aims to create wealth for shareholders by satisfying guests. Key sectors include hotels, restaurants, clubs, and travel providers. Guest satisfaction relies on both high-quality services and employees who make guests feel valued. The industry faces trends like increasing technology use, an aging population, and growing demand for leisure travel and stress reduction activities. Success requires focusing on guest needs, maintaining a strong service culture, and adapting to changes.
The document discusses strategies for quality service in tourism and hospitality. It begins by outlining the chapter objectives, which are to understand business strategy, realize the importance of designing guest experiences, and identify key factors to ensure best service. It then discusses various strategic planning concepts, including Porter's generic strategies of cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies. It emphasizes the importance of strategic planning in service industries like tourism and hospitality. The document also covers analyzing internal strengths and external opportunities/threats, and how different stakeholders like competitors, suppliers, and the labor market can impact strategic planning.
In an increasingly competitive employment arena (1)Anamika Sengupta
1) The document discusses the hospitality industry as one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy that offers many opportunities. It covers the diverse segments of the industry and the growth in jobs projected over the coming decades.
2) It emphasizes the importance of African Americans preparing for careers in this industry through college degrees in hospitality management and gaining hands-on experience through internships and mentorships.
3) Successful careers in hospitality require flexibility, strong customer service and business skills, which can be developed through education and experience opportunities while still a student.
The hospitality industry is complex, covering a wide range of jobs, locations, activities, and economic brackets. It includes four main sectors: food and beverage, lodging, recreation, and travel/tourism. The hospitality field aims to create shareholder wealth by satisfying guests through services. A key aspect is that the service provider is often part of the product itself, so guests want to feel valued by workers providing the service. The industry involves both tangible products like food/rooms and important intangible qualities of staff and service delivery.
A global panel of pundits recently discussed how the pandemic has impacted commercial real estate and hospitality markets.
During the hour and a half long discussion, this cross-section of experts and practitioners from multiple disciplines explored the pandemic's impact on the commercial real estate and hospitality markets.
LO1 Understand the current structure of the hospitality industry
Hospitality industry: hotels; restaurants; pubs, bars and nightclubs; contract food service providers; hospitality services; membership clubs and events; brands and businesses Scale and scope: size; types of ownership; turnover; percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP); purchasing power Diversity: products and services eg food, drink, accommodation, conference and banqueting, leisure facilities; levels of service; customer base Organisational structure: operational areas eg food preparation, food and beverage services, accommodation services, front of house services; functional eg human resources, finance, marketing, research and development, security, maintenance Hospitality-related organisations and professional bodies: as current at time of delivery, to include People 1st, British Hospitality Association, Institute of Hospitality, British Institute of Innkeepers, Springboard UK
This document summarizes a study that surveyed micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the Philippines to determine the types of accounting services they require from public accountancy firms and individual CPAs. The study found that most MSMEs require taxation services, followed by consulting, accounting, and independent audit services. Micro and small enterprises generally require fewer and simpler services than medium enterprises. The study provides details on the business profiles and accounting service needs of the surveyed MSMEs.
Globalization is having both positive and negative impacts on the hotel industry. Positively, it increases the customer base, boosts economies, and promotes cultural exchange. However, it also introduces challenges like language barriers, cultural differences, and seasonal employment. As the hotel industry globalizes, companies must adapt organizational cultures, management styles, structures, and training to diverse international markets and customers. While globalization opens opportunities, hotels must mitigate risks from events in other countries and changing technologies.
This document discusses the impacts of the global economic downturn on the development of hotel operations in India. It identifies three key impacts: changes in strategies, changes in consumer behavior and purchasing patterns, and decreases in pricing and demand levels. The recession has led hotels to change their strategies around marketing, branding and investment. Consumer behavior shifted as people became more cost-conscious and sought out cheaper hotel options. Pricing decreased by 10-20% as occupancy and demand fell, hurting revenues for luxury hotels in India like the Taj group.
The hospitality industry is complex and covers four main sectors: food and beverage, lodging, recreation, and travel. It provides services to people away from home, including food, accommodation, and transportation. The industry employs millions of people worldwide and includes small, large, private, and public businesses that cater to customers from all backgrounds. It is characterized by shift work and focuses on both tangible products like food and rooms as well as intangible qualities like customer service. The objectives of the industry include making guests feel welcome, ensuring operations run smoothly, and maintaining a controlled profitable budget.
TY-BMS SEM 5.............! YUM! BRANDS INC. Gaurav Gupta
The hospitality industry in India is growing rapidly due to increasing tourism and a rising middle class with more disposable income and leisure time. Hotels and restaurants are a key part of the hospitality sector and are intertwined with tourism, providing lodging and food which are essential for both foreign and domestic travelers. The sector is also linked to other industries and provides numerous jobs across various skill levels. Competition in the industry is high as mobility has increased, leading some entrepreneurs to start mobile food vans as an innovative business model in this growing and changing industry.
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International Journal of Hospitality Management 31 (2012) 379– 386
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
International Journal of Hospitality Management
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / i j h o s m a n
xamining the determinants of hotel chain expansion
hrough international franchising
lan Alon a, Liqiang Ni b, Youcheng Wang c,∗
Rollins College, 1000 Holt Ave – 2722, Winter Park, FL 32789, United States
Department of Statistics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2370, United States
Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, 9907 Universal Blvd, Orlando, FL 32819, United States
r t i c l e i n f o
eywords:
ranchising
nternationalization
otel industry
ospitality
a b s t r a c t
This study proposes and tests an agency-based organizational model of internationalization through
franchising in the hotel sector. Using data obtained from a Franchisor Questionnaire 2001–2008, we
analyzed a panel of 117 observations of 17 U.S.-based hotels. Our analysis reveals that a hotel franchisor’s
decision to internationalize through franchising is positively related to the percentage of franchises, the
ayesian data analysis
ratio of franchised units to the total number of units. The article contributes to the literature by empirically
modeling international franchising of hotels, which present unique characteristics among franchising
companies, with a high investment capital requirement, maturity in the product life cycle, and a high
level of standardization and globalization of operations. The unique characteristics of individual chains
and their segment in the industry are particularly important, as revealed by both data analysis and expert
opinion.
. Introduction
In the U.S. economy the service sector has undergone tremen-
ous growth in the past several decades, with the hospitality
ndustry one of the major contributors to this fast-paced growth
Ketchen et al., 2006). Unlike most other service sectors, the hotel
ndustry is generally capital-intensive and its logistics and sup-
ly chain can be as complex as those in manufacturing operations
Chen and Dimou, 2005). For hotel companies, this can be a big
bstacle to an equity-based expansion model in various markets,
articularly in the international market. Thus, it raises the issue of
he importance of the internationalization process through fran-
hising as a non-equity-based expansion strategy.
Franchising provides scope for rapid international expansion
or hotel companies and has the potential to overcome many of
he cultural, linguistic, technical, legal, and employment problems
ommonly associated with internationalization (Abell, 1990). Hotel
hains prefer to use non-equity forms of org.
A Study on Marketing Mix of Hospitality Industry.pdfKathryn Patel
This document provides an abstract for a study on the marketing mix of the hospitality industry in India. It discusses how the hospitality industry, including hotels, hostels, and restaurants, has grown significantly in India in recent years, supported by government initiatives. The study aims to examine aspects of the marketing mix that can be improved to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty for the hospitality sector. It provides a literature review on previous research conducted on factors influencing customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry, such as facilities, services, image, and innovation.
Wassim Zhani Management Final Project Part II.pdfWassim Zhani
1. Prospecting is a set of techniques used by companies to identify and convert potential customers. It should be an ongoing, systematic process to maintain attention on a company's products and services.
2. Prospecting tools include direct marketing, events, press relations, and advertising. These tools require strategic use to strengthen existing business and secure a company's future against risks like competition and market changes.
3. A differentiation strategy can provide competitive advantage by addressing specific customer categories with unique or innovative concepts. However, it risks customers not valuing differences enough or competitors copying quickly.
The document discusses the ecolodge marketplace. It finds that the ecolodge market is expected to grow 10% annually due to increasing ecotourism. The key market is Americans, but ecotourists also come from Europe, Canada, Australia and elsewhere. They tend to be educated professionals with moderate to high incomes. Half travel independently while half take tours, with Europeans more likely to travel independently. Ecotourists seek authentic natural and cultural experiences in accommodations like ecolodges that emphasize conservation, community benefits, and education.
Innovations as Drivers of Performance in the Hospitality Industry A Study of ...ijtsrd
This study examined innovations as drivers of performance in the hospitality industry A study of selected in Awka, Anambra State. Specifically, the study modelled the effect of product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation on the performance of hotels in Awaka, Anambra State using descriptive statistics and econometric regression model of the ordinary least square. Findings revealed that product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation are significant determinants of performance in the selected hotels in Awka. They also show a positive relationship with the performance of the hotels the joint effect of the explanatory variable in the model account for 85 of the variations in the performance of the hotels. Based on the analysis and findings of this study, the researcher therefore recommends that Management of hotels should strive to hire managers who are innovative and proactive in improving service delivery processes on a continuing and consistent basis. This will enable the hotels to remain competitive. Staff with the cognate academic background and experience should be employed to manage hotels. This is because they are the people that are in a better position to initiate innovative ideas. Hotels in Awka should engage the services of management consultants for their strategic plans and the attendant implementation strategy on the various key drivers of innovation, in order to enhance their performance and become competitive in the market. Nwangene, Ogochukwu Christian | Dibua, Emmanuel Chijioke | Edoko, Tonna David "Innovations as Drivers of Performance in the Hospitality Industry: A Study of Selected Hotels in Awka, Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25296.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/25296/innovations-as-drivers-of-performance-in-the-hospitality-industry-a-study-of-selected-hotels-in-awka-anambra-state/nwangene-ogochukwu-christian
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Political Factors Militating the Success of Hospitality Industry in Nigeria: Some Preliminary Results.
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 17, Issue 1.Ver. II (Jan. 2015), PP 61-65
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/487X-17126165 www.iosrjournals.org 61 | Page
Political Factors Militating the Success of Hospitality Industry in
Nigeria: Some Preliminary Results.
Dr. Austin O. Oparanma, Lecturer
Department of Management Rivers State University of Science and Technology Rivers State,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Abstract: This study examined the extent to which changes in government and political issues have affected the
non-manufacturing sector of the economy putting the hospitality industry as the study base. The study covered
both private and public owned hotels in Rivers State capital, Port Harcourt. Data were collected and analyzed
using simple percentage and frequency distribution table. The results of our study revealed a link that
management of this organization amongst others has contributed to its poor performance. The study concluded
that incessant changes in government and their massive interference in the management of this industry have
great effect. Also, political instability and legal system contributed greatly to their failure. It was therefore
recommended that this sector of the economy should be privatized and not be allowed to be controlled by
government selection and appointment. Management positions should be based on managerial capabilities and
knowledge. Also, educational trainings and seminars should be often conducted to improve knowledge.
Keywords: hospitality industry, organization, political factors and politics.
I. Introduction
Oparanma,(2008) opined that the service industry is becoming increasingly important in the life of
Nigerians and the economy as a whole. The hospitality industry as it is commonly referred to, is the most
important element in the wider tourism sector. The industry comprises units ranging from the most humble café
to the largest luxury hostels owned by multinational corporations, which has frequently pointed to its
heterogeneous nature. Hospitality industry stresses the caring-people-oriented nature of hotels, generating
mystique that is easily reinforced by image in popular media (Fubara, 1984).
The hotel industry as can be seen is the backbone of the hospitality industry, recognizing the need to
provide high standard service for both local and international guests. Both the federal and state governments
have established different categories of hotels. Just like other parastatals, government has invested huge
financial resources in these hotels. However, the performance records of these hotels have not justified the
enormous funds pumped into them. Many of them move from one crisis to the other and to be precise, many of
them are failing due to the political situation obtained in the country.
Buttressing the political situation or factors, politics is said to be the study of power in motion or
action. In an organizational setting, decision making process takes the form of politics; where politics is
described as those tactics, activities or behavior through which potential influence is developed either to
increase or maintain the power relation in order to enhance one’s preferred choice. Allen (1979) defined politics
as an intentional act of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individual or group(s). There are many
other definitions scholars have attempted, but majority of them tend to give the impression that politics is
dysfunctional.
Hypotheses: HO1: There is no significant relationship between changes in government and the success of the
hospitality industry.
H02: There is no significant relationship between the political and legal system and the success of the
hospitality industry.
H03: There is no significant relationship between political activities- selection and appointment of top officials
and the success and performance of the hospitality industry.
II. Literature
The Hospitality Industry
The hospitality industry in its simplest literal definition means friendly welcome and entertainment of
guests. By implication, the hospitality implies “entertainment activity”. Also, it has been described as that aspect
of human endeavour which provides food and shelter for any one when he or she chooses to be catered for in an
entertainment house, (Bower, 1997). The later also stated that the industry includes tourism and holiday resorts.
2. Political factors militating the success of hospitality industry in Nigeria: some preliminary results
DOI: 10.9790/487X-17126165 www.iosrjournals.org 62 | Page
However, Baridam, (2001) the hotel industry represents the backbone of tourism and without it no nation can
prosper in the hospitality industry. Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia cited in Speigal (1972) described the hotel
industry as a commercial institution that provides lodging, food, and services to the public.
Characteristics of the Hospitality Industry
The hospitality industry of which hotels form a major component have four major characteristics which
place them apart from other industries. Ejiofor (1988) highlighted them as follows: Inflexibility of Supply and
Services. It is not possible to adjust the services provided by the industry neither to match fluctuation in demand
nor to store them to accommodate peak demand periods. Perish ability of Services. Closely linked to the above,
is the fact that unutilized services, for example an unoccupied bed represent a loss which reflects adversely on
profitability. Fixed Location. The structures of most of the companies in the hospitality industry have fixed
locations as the physical structures are immovable. Desperateness of structure, Size, etc. Hotels and catering
establishments in the hospitality industry ranges from a side canteen of “food is ready” to “mama put”, to the
five star complexes offers their desperateness in quality of services, style and atmosphere to be experienced and
savored.
Classification of Hotels
Classification of hotels means the grouping of hotels providing a given range of service and facilities,
(Hope, 1984). According to Hope, the Automobile Association introduced hotels classification to Britain in
1911. It awarded one to five stars hotel complexes to indicate to its members what facilities and services they
might expect or find at recommended establishments. The wide variation of hotels accommodation allows four,
five, and sometimes six or seven categories to be applied. Boiella (1983) posits that the classification of hotels
by Automobile Association is often regarded as an accepted mark of quality in all classifications. The
Automobile Association classification is adopted from Charles (2006) as follows:
One Star Hotels
Good hotels and inns generally on a small scale and with modest facilities and furnishing frequently
run by the proprietor himself or herself is classified as one star hotel. All bedrooms have adequate bath and
lavatory arrangements, main meal with choice dishes served to lodgers. Two Star Hotels. These are the hotels
offering a higher standard of accommodation, more baths and perhaps with few private bathrooms/showers,
lavatories on the floor, wider choice of meal, and etc. Three Star Hotels. These are well apportioned with more
spacious accommodation and some private bathrooms/showers, full meal facilities for residents and non-
residents, including chance callers on everyday of the week. Four Star Hotels: Exceptionally well-apportioned
hotels offering a higher standard of comfort. Five Star Hotels: This class is a luxury hotel offering the very
highest standard of accommodation, service and comfort. The Funk and Wagnall’s Encyclopedia cited in
Speigal (1972) divided these hotels into four types depending on locations and services offered and clientele
served. These are transient hotels, resort and residential hotels. However, these terms are misleading since they
all tend to relate to a particular type of customers regardless of the section to which the customer belongs. For
instance, a businessman may stay in a luxury hotel, a tourist in a commercial or transient hotel and a transient
guest might stay in a resort hotel.
The Role of the Menu
Dukas (2003) suggested that the greatest challenge to the prospective owner is to create an effective
menu that instantly and dramatically relate the values desired by the customers to the values offered by the
management. Gronroos (1999) believe that many food service operators do not realize the vital role played by
the menu in the success or failure of the enterprise, this implies the actual commitments made by the
management to its customers in the design and the format menu. The common form found in any table service
restaurant, is one of the two most powerful tools used by management (Brittle, 2002).
In similar vein, Bamunuge(2003) postulates that the serving staff should have a good knowledge of the
menu so that every customer’s qustions can be answered. They should know the ingredients and descriptions of
each dish on the menu and how each dish has been prepared and how it is to be served. If any items are
unavailable (Mintzberg, 2007), the menu’s significance stems from the notable role it plays in the easily
organization of the business and during the entire operational life of the enterprise. Because a carefully designed
menu will determine the type of location, type of service, volume of business, seat turn over, average check, and
potential profits. The menu will subsequently determine the investment in fixed and working capital, the amount
and the type of food to be purchased; that will be received, stored, prepared, and facilities that will be needed.
Also, the number, size, and type of equipment, the volume and allocation of space required to house the
equipment and etc.(Campbell, 2003)
3. Political factors militating the success of hospitality industry in Nigeria: some preliminary results
DOI: 10.9790/487X-17126165 www.iosrjournals.org 63 | Page
III. Methodology
The population of this study consists of all governmental and private owned hotels that are in the state
having some political factors or interference affecting their success or smooth operation. Because of the size of
the population, a simple random sampling technique was used to give members of the target population equal
opportunity of being included in the study sample. In this regard structured questionnaire were administered on
a total of 95 respondents randomly selected, although only 82 were retrieved and used in the data analysis.
IV. Results
Table 1: Response to the Questionnaire.
Variables No. of Respondents Percentage of Respondents
No. of Questionnaire Returned 82 86
No. of Questionnaire not Returned 13 14
Total no. of Questionnaire Distributed 95 100
Source: Field Work 2014.
The table above shows that 86% represent 82 copies of the duly completed and returned questionnaire.
The 14% represent only 13 copies of the questionnaire not returned for undisclosed reasons. Hence the analysis
of the data will be based on the 82 copies of duly completed and returned questionnaire.
Table 2. The relationships between hospitality industry success and changes in government.
Organizations No. of
respondents
Yes % of Yes
Response
No % of no
response
Totals
Min. of Trade, Commerce &Industry 5 3 60 2 40 100
Hotel Presidential 17 14 82 3 18 100
Airport Hotels 18 13 72 5 28 100
Delta Hotels LTD 18 16 80 2 20 100
Gibsco Hotels 4 4 100 NIL NIL 100
Hotels Denas 4 3 75 1 25 100
Manatee Hotels 5 2 40 3 60 100
Pixy Hotels 5 2 40 3 60 100
Sanclin Hotels 5 4 80 1 20 100
TOG Hotels 5 3 60 2 40 100
Totals 86 64 22 - - -
Source: Survey Data, 2014
Table 2 shows the extent changes in government have affected the success of the industry. It indicates that 86
respondents agreed that incessant changes and the type of government have great effects in the smooth
performance and success of an organization.
Table 3: Showing how the political and legal systems have affected this industry.
Organizations No. of
respondents
Yes % of Yes
Response
No % of no
response
Totals
Min. of Trade, Commerce &Industry 5 5 100 - - 100
Hotel Presidential 17 15 88 2 12 100
Airport Hotels 18 16 89 2 11 100
Delta Hotels LTD 18 16 89 2 11 100
Gibsco Hotels 4 4 100 - - 100
Hotels Denas 4 4 100 - - 100
Manatee Hotels 5 4 80 1 20 100
Pixy Hotels 5 4 80 1 20 100
Sanclin Hotels 5 4 80 1 20 100
TOG Hotels 5 4 80 1 20 100
Totals 86 76 - 10 - -
Source: Survey Data, 2014
Analysis from the above table revealed that almost all the sectors that is the government agency,
private and government owned hotels are all affected by the instability in our government’s political and legal
systems. This is true because 76 out of the 86 respondents representing 88% of the total respondents agreed that
the incessant changes in government mostly through coup-de tats or whatever affect their performance and
success as all new government comes in with when, why and to what extent are their claims true. All the yes
respondents said that when the new government comes in, they introduce new policies, new projects in place of
the old viable projects, and appointment of their relatives or colleagues to take over key projects. This can be
said to have greatly affected the performance and success of the hospitality industry.
4. Political factors militating the success of hospitality industry in Nigeria: some preliminary results
DOI: 10.9790/487X-17126165 www.iosrjournals.org 64 | Page
Table 4: The effects of government selection and appointment of top officials and other employ
Organizations No. of
respondents
Yes % of Yes
Response
No % of no
response
Totals
Min. of Trade, Commerce &Industry 5 4 80 1 20 100
Hotel Presidential 17 15 88 2 12 100
Airport Hotels 18 16 89 2 11 100
Delta Hotels LTD 18 14 78 4 22 100
Gibsco Hotels 4 2 50 2 50 100
Hotels Denas 4 3 75 1 25
Manatee Hotels 5 2 40 3 60 100
Pixy Hotels 5 4 80 1 20 100
Sanclin Hotels 5 3 60 2 40 100
TOG Hotels 5 3 60 2 40 100
Totals 86 66 - 20
Source: Survey Data, 2014
As can be seen, all the 86 respondents correctly filled their questionnaire in response to the above
question but with different options as some said yes and others no. Of the 86 respondents, 66 of them said yes to
the question, while 20 said no, and when asked why, the yes respondents said those selected or appointed by the
government lack merit administratively and some have low qualifications and lack managerial skills to head
such ministry or organization like the service industry.
Test of Hypotheses
With the level of significance of 0.05, and the computed value of 11.27 which is more than the table
value at the significance of 1.96. X2
fall above the level which implies a rejection of the null hypothesis. It then
means that there is a significant relationship between changes in government and the success of the hospitality
industry. In hypothesis two, with significance level of 1.96 and X2
value of 3.3, then null hypothesis is therefore
rejected and this implies that there is a significant relationship between political and legal system and the
success of the service industry though the significant is low. On hypothesis three, with a significance level of
9.57, the X2
value falls beyond the critical significant level. Therefore, it is a rejection of null hypothesis. This
of course means there is a significant relationship between the government selection and appointment of top
official and board members and the success of hospitality.
V. Discussion Of Findings
Analysis of hypothesis one indicated that incessant changes in government (military to civilian – vice
versa) has contributed to the poor performance of this sector. At X2
value of 11.27 at significant level of 1.96
has proved there is significant relationship. Analysis from hypothesis two shows the relationship between
political and legal system and the success of hospitality industry. It then proves the effects of certain policies
and our pattern of political play in most business organizations. Also, the 3.3 X2
value against the critical value
of 1.96 is good, although the level of difference is not so high. Moreover, oral interviews and unsolicited
remarks from employees revealed that there is also a general over-dependence of government owned hotels on
government. Their poor funding and ineptness attributed to the poor performance of the hospitality industry.
Finally, analysis from the hypothesis three confirmed the significant relationship between government
appointment and selection of top officials and the success of this industry. The relationship is high as the tale
proves a 9.57 value of X2
as against the measuring significance of 1.96. The decision to appoint and select
employees (top officials) based necessarily on the need for successful operation and profitability has affected the
industry.
VI. Summary
From the introductory part of this research work, it could be understood that, buttressing the political
situation or factors, politics is said to be the study of power in motion or action. In an organization setting,
decision making process takes the form of politics, where politics is described as those tactics, activities or
behaviors through which potential influence is developed either to increase or maintain the power relation in
order to enhance one’s preferred choice.
Current reports, periodicals, and publications revealed that government constant intervention and
exercising of political activities in the management of the hospitality industry have brought untold
performances. Those who have or tend to see politics as dysfunctional in an organization contend that once
introduction, (Friedland 1999) no end could be put to it and it does not allow for the choices of the best
alternatives. Furthermore, the study revealed that the success of the government hospitality industry depends
largely on the government. It also revealed that change in political and legal factor affect the success of
hospitality industry (Awujo, 2000)
5. Political factors militating the success of hospitality industry in Nigeria: some preliminary results
DOI: 10.9790/487X-17126165 www.iosrjournals.org 65 | Page
VII. Conclusion
In the light of the findings and discussions, the researcher wishes to conclude thus: That undue and
incessant change in our type of government which causes change in all areas of the country most often affects
our business organizations (hospitality industry). Selection of top management personnel through government
appointment encourages incompetence and non-accountability thereby enhancing poor performance.
Government’s non-recognition of hotels and non-recreation areas as a separate legal and profit entity is another
militating factor against its success. Also, as has been observed that poor remuneration and condition of services
of employees has also contributed to poor performance. Finally, non-compliance to legal system as well as the
enacted policies by government owned hotels has affected their performances as they believe that they are above
the law. Also, poor regulation process has a great effect to all sectors of this industry.
Recommendations
Based on the above conclusions of the findings, the following recommendations are made: All
government owned hospitality industry should be privatized. Selection and appointment of Board members
should be made by both the government and the shareholders of the organization. Ownership and control should
be separated. This industry should be given a separate legal entity status. Selection and appointment of
management team should be on merit and passes through normal selection process. There should be an injection
of sufficient working capital. There should be regular renovation, refurbishing, and provision of modern
facilities for the industry. There should be an internal control measures, and workers remuneration should be
improved.
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