Points about medical topics sample
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Contents : Amyloid Apoprotein Arthritis Avascular necrosis Bone graft Brain Bronchogenic carcinoma Census Clotting factors Contraception Inflammatory bowel disease Cerebrospinal fluid Culture media Dementia Electroencephalogram Engaging diameter Estrogen Familial hyperlipoproteinemia Features of fibroid Firearm Gastric motility Absorption in gut and nephron Hormones Hypersensitivity Immunoglobulin Inborn errors of metabolism and deficient enzymes Kidney stones Lithium Lung volumes and capacities Metabolic acidosis Mosquito Nerve fibers Muscles and nerve supply Changes in pregnancy Methods for proteins Protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes Radioisotopes Rickettsial zoonoses Root values for reflexes Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis Small intestinal biopsy Specimen preservation in poisoning Sexually transmitted diseases Sterilization and disinfection Tetanus Toxins in food Management of poisoning Vaccination Vaginal cytology Vitamins For more details, visit www.medpgnotes.com You can send your queries to medpgnotes@gmail.com
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Points about medical topics sample
- 2. POINTS ABOUT MEDICAL TOPICS www.medpgnotes.com 1 Contents AMYLOID...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 APOPROTEIN.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 ARTHRITIS ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 AVASCULAR NECROSIS...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 BONE GRAFT .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 BRAIN.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 CENSUS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 CLOTTING FACTORS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 CONTRACEPTION..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 CULTURE MEDIA ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 DEMENTIA......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 ENGAGING DIAMETER ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16 ESTROGEN......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 FAMILIAL HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 FEATURES OF FIBROID................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18 FIREARM............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19 GASTRIC MOTILITY ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 ABSORPTION IN GUT AND NEPHRON.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 HORMONES....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 HYPERSENSITIVITY....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 IMMUNOGLOBULIN....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND DEFICIENT ENZYMES ................................................................................................................................................ 25 KIDNEY STONES.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 LITHIUM............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 METABOLIC ACIDOSIS.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31 MOSQUITO......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 NERVE FIBERS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 MUSCLES AND NERVE SUPPLY................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33 CHANGES IN PREGNANCY .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 METHODS FOR PROTEINS.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 PROTOONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES................................................................................................................................................................ 43 RADIOISOTOPES............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 44 RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45 ROOT VALUES FOR REFLEXES.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 45 RAPIDLY PROGRESSING GLOMERULONEPHRITIS........................................................................................................................................................................... 45
- 3. POINTS ABOUT MEDICAL TOPICS www.medpgnotes.com 2 SMALL INTESTINAL BIOPSY...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 SPECIMEN PRESERVATION IN POISONING......................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47 TETANUS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 TOXINS IN FOOD............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 48 MANAGEMENT OF POISONING................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 49 VACCINATION.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 50 VAGINAL CYTOLOGY..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 VITAMINS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
- 4. POINTS ABOUT MEDICAL TOPICS www.medpgnotes.com 3AMYLOID AMYLOID AL Primary Amyloidosis (multiple Myeloma/B-Cell Neoplasm) AA Secondary Amyloidosis (MC – Rheumatoid arthritis) Aβ2m Hemodialysis Associated Amyloidosis AA (Pyrin) Familial Mediterranean Fever Aβ Alzemier’s disease ACal Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid ATTR Familial Amyloidotic Neuropathy Systemic Senile Amyloidosis AIAPP Type II diabetes AANF Isolated Atrial Amyloidosis Aα Familial Renal amyloidosis Electron microscopic finding of amyloid Non branching fibrils X ray Crystallographic finding of amyloid Cross β–pleated sheet conformation Characteristic feature of long standing type II DM Islet amyloid protein (amylin) Protein affected in Alzheimer’s disease β-amyloid Most Specific feature of AL type of amyloidosis Macroglossia APOPROTEIN LDL Apo B-100 Apo E VLDL Apo B-100 Chylomicron Apo B-48 HDL Apo A I Apo A II Cofactor for Lipoprotein Lipase Apo C II (Main) Apo C I Inhibitor for Lipoprotein Lipase Apo A II (Main) Apo C III Lipoprotein increases risk of CHD & Atherosclerosis Lipoprotein not showing Electrophoretic mobility Chylomicron Lipoprotein having maximum triacylglycerol Chylomicron Maximum exogenous triacylglycerol Chylomicron Lipoprotein having maximum Cholesterol LDL Lipoprotein having maximum protein & Phospholipid HDL Exogenous trigylcerides maximum in Chylomicrons Endogenous triglycerides maximum in VLDL
- 5. POINTS ABOUT MEDICAL TOPICS www.medpgnotes.com 4ARTHRITIS ARTHRITIS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS & VARIANTS SERONEGATIVE ARTHRITIS Symmetrical Small Joint More Osteoporosis Erosions Asymmetrical Large Joints Less Osteoporosis Periostitis,Syndesmophytes RA SLE Scleroderma Dermatomyositis Ankylosing Spondylitis Psoriatric arthropathy Reiter Syndrome Enteropathic Arthritis ARTHRITIS OSTEOARTHRITIS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PIP,DIP,1 st CMC Any Small joint PIP,DIP,MCP,Wrist Sparing of MCP joint Sparing of DIP NO SPARING MC connective tissue disorder associated with Scleritis Rheumatoid arthritis MC Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome occurs in (Compression of Tibial Nerve) 1 st Rheumatoid arthritis 2 nd Ankylosing Spondylitis 3 rd Osteoarthritis MC weakened muscle in Osteoarthritis Quadriceps MC Late Complication of Acetabular Fracture Secondary Osteoarthritis (Post traumatic Osteoarthritis) MC type of Anaemia in Rheumatoid arthritis Normochromic Normocytic Anaemia AVASCULAR NECROSIS BONE DISEASE Lower pole of Patella Synding Larsen Joharresen Disease Tibial Tuberosity Osgood Shlatter Disease Calcaneum Sever’s Disease Navicular Kohler’s Disease 2 nd Metatarsal Freiberg’s Disease 5 th Metatarsal Islene Disease Capitulum Panner’s Disease Ring epiphysis of Vertebra Scheurmann’s Disease Central Nucleus of Vertebral Body Calve’s Disease Lunate Keinboch’s Disease Proximal Pole of Scaphoid Preiser’s Disease Femoral Head Legg-Calve-Perthe’s Disease Those written in ITALICS are TRACTION/PULLING APOPHSITIS All the others are crushing type
- 6. POINTS ABOUT MEDICAL TOPICS www.medpgnotes.com 5BONE GRAFT BONE GRAFT Ideal Source of bone Graft Ilium Commonest Source of Cortical Bone Graft Fibula Best source for Cortical/Corticocancellous bone Graft Anterior Iliac Crest Best Source for Cancellous bone Graft Posterior Iliac Crest BRAIN ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS Paraventricular Nucleus Oxytocin release Supraoptic Nucleus Vasopressin release Medial Preoptic Nucleus Sexual drive in Males POSTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS Lateral area Thirst & Hunger Ventromedial Nucleus Satiety centre Mamillary body Feeding Reflexes Dorsomedial Nucleus GI Stimulation Arcurate Nucleus & Periventricular Zone Neuroendocrinal Control Structure of brain involved in emotion Hypothalamus, Limbic system Sensory action of emotion Limbic system Expressive action of emotion Hypothalamus Osmoreceptors are located in Anterior Hypothalamus Consolidation of long term memory Hippocampus Window of Limbic system Amygdala Reward centre Medial forebrain bundle Functions of Limbic system Emotion, Memory, Higher function Addiction associated with Reward Centre Conation means Desire to take action Longetrm memory stored in Various part of Neocortex Memory doesnot involve processing in Hippocampus Implicit/Non destructive skill Nucleus controlling Circadian Rhythm Suprachiasmatic nucleus Blobs of visual cortex a/w Colour Processing Parvocellular pathway carry signal for detection of Colour vision, shape, Fine details Two main afferent to cerebellar cortex Climbing fibres & Mossy fibres Only output from cerebellar cortex Purkinje cells Neocerebellum to Ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus through Dentate nucleus Largest & most lateral cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle Afferent tract to middle cerebellar peduncle Pontocerebellar Posterior perforated substance located in Floor of interpeduncular fossa Pain sensitive cranial nerve 2,3,5,7,9,10 Vertical & Upside down cortical representation of body Homunculus
- 7. POINTS ABOUT MEDICAL TOPICS www.medpgnotes.com 6BRAIN inCerebrum Anterior perforated area bounded laterally by Limen Insulae (Gyrus ambiens) White fibres connecting cortical areas in Same hemisphere Association fibres White fibres connecting corresponding cortical fibres crossing midline Commisural fibres Cerebral cortex connected to lower levels of brain by Projection fibres Fibres of genu of corpus callosum curve forward into frontal lobes to form Forceps minor Intracellular inclusion bodies found in choroid plexus Biond’s ring tangles Main afferent to basal ganglia Corticostriate projection Tightness of blood brain barrier Close apposition of astrocyte Vestibular nucleus location Beneath floor of 4 th ventricle Largest sensory root of trigeminal nerve composed of Pseudounipolar neurons LMN includes Anterior horn cells,Anterior spinal root,Peripheral nerve Anterior & Lateral spinothalamic tract ends in Ventral Posterolateral nucleus of thalamus Uncrossed ascending tracts Nucleus gracilis,cuneatus,Spinoolivary Filum terminale mainly composed of Piamater Ventral roots of spinal nerve contains Somatic efferent Anterior & Posterior gray columns united by Grey commissure Cranial nerves entrapped in apex of Petrous bone 5,6 Parasympathetic Cranial Nerves 3,7,9,10 Initiation of Voluntary movements by Corticospinal & corticobulbar Maintenance of posture in normal adult depends on Integrity of Reflex arc Cell bodies of Orexinergic neurons present in Lateral hypothalamic area Function of Microglia Phagocytosis Function of Oligodendrocytes Myelin formation Function of Astrocyte Blood Brain barrier Neuroglial cells of ectodermal origin Astrocyte,Oligodendrocytes Neuroglial cells of mesodermal origin Microglia Fibrous astrocyte found in White matter Protoplasmic astrocytes found in Grey matter Repetetive stimulus increase pain means Hypersensitisation Pain receptors Nociceptors (Free nerve endings) Ascending pain pathway in dorsal midbrain inhibited by Enkephalin,Seratonin Afferent fibres from Lateral geniculate body end in Layer 4 of Visual Cortex DOMINANT HEMISPHERE CATEGORIAL HEMISPHERE NON DOMINANT HEMISPHERE REPRESENTATIONAL HEMISPHERE Language Function Mathematical & scientific Skills LEFT SIDED OLFACTION Music & Art awareness Visuospatial Orientation Form,Shape,Faces,Body images RIGHT SIDED OLFACTION