Call Girl Bangalore Nandini 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Bangalore
Health promotion foundation south africa - Davison Munodawafa
1. Financing Health Promotion: WHO
African Region perspective
Dr Davison MUNODAWAFA, Coordinator,
Determinants & Risk Factors (DRF), Health Promotion
Cluster, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville,
Congo
E-mail: munodawafad@afro.who.int
2. Outline
Introduction – Health promotion definition and
Functions
Current Situation - Major risk factors and key
determinants (tobacco, alcohol and key
determinants) and
Opportunities
Challenges
Required actions
Way forward and Conclusion
3. HEALTH PROMOTION DEFINITION
A PROCESS OF ENABLING PEOPLE TO
INCREASE CONTROL OVER THEIR HEALTH
AND ITS DETERMINANTS, THEREBY IMPROVE
THEIR HEALTH. (OTTAWA CHARTER, 1986).
IT IS A SOCIAL AND JUST INVESTMENT;
IT INVOLVES VARIOUS PLAYERS TO ADDRESS
HEALTH RISK FACTORS AND THE
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH USING A
MULTISECTORAL APPROACH.
4. The Health Promotion Foundation
Manage and coordinate funds;
Ensure adequate and sustainable financing arrangements;
Increase awareness about health gains;
Produce country-specific evidence;
Create the demand for health promotion;
Ensure broad participation and commitment; and
Providing effective stewardship.
5. Current Situation
Risk Factors
Key Determinants
Health Promotion Funding sources in the WHO
African region and world
6. Tobacco use in the African region*
Prevalence among adults: 6%-36%;
1 in 10 adolescents use tobacco;
1 in 2 adolescents is exposed to
tobacco smoke in public places;
1 in 5 adolescents is influenced by
tobacco advertising.
* WHO Report on the Global
Tobacco Epidemic, 2008 and 2009
7. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control (WHO FCTC)
In the African Region 41 countries have ratified the
treaty;
Full implementation of the Convention is an obligation
including:
– Comprehensive legislation: taxation; smoke-free places;
advertising; health warnings; protection of public health
policies from tobacco industry interference; awareness
raising;
– Coordination mechanism: multi-sectoral committee,
action plan;
– Monitoring and evaluation: data dissemination and use.
Mobilisation of resources and partnership
8. Alcohol Consumption and Consequences
Drinkers drink at a markedly
higher level
(average of 37L pure
alcohol/per person /per yr)
Highest prevalence of heavy
episodic drinking in the world
(25% of drinkers engage in
harmful drinking)
Most of the alcohol-related
deaths are attributable to
injuries (43%)
7 out of 10 adults in the region
abstain from alcohol;
9. The key determinants of health requiring Health promotion: The
Factors that Produce Disease, Disability and Premature Deaths
Upstream Intermediate Downstream
Education system Gender Living conditions
Welfare state Socioeconomic Working conditions
Labor market Ethnicity Individual and collective
behavior
Political system Social cohesion
Health and social care
Economic system Literacy
Distribution of power,
money and resources
Social Structure Individual’s social status Intermediary Factors
Structural Determinants of Intermediary
Health Determinants of Health
10. Health Promotion Financing experiences
Social protection schemes (Education, nutrition
Social health insurance
Earmarking or special levy through Act of
Parliament (Zimbabwe AIDS Fund 3% of taxable
income set aside for HIV/AIDS)
South-East Asia (Thailand, India, Nepal); Western
Pacicific Region (Australia, New Zealand,Tonga,
Mongolia, Malaysia); Europe and United State
States
11. Opportunities for Health Promotion Fund
1. Strengthen national capacity and leadership for health
promotion;
2. Supporting health systems based on the PHC approach;
3. Putting the health of mothers and children first;
4. Accelerate actions for communicable and noncommunicable
diseases prevention;
5. Accelerate response to addressing the key determinants of
health;
6. Support attainment of national goals e.g., MDGs and
immunization etc.,
12. Challenges to establishing a Health Promotion Fund
Organized opposition or resistance from outside and within
health sector including competing interests;
Leadership for multisectoral and interdisciplinary actions e.
g., civil society, NGOs, health experts, private sector;
Participation of all stakeholders including communities
Funding to implement agreed actions; e.g. FCTC, global
alcohol strategy, etc
Documentation, monitoring and evaluation of HPR fund actions
(accountability, transparency and value for money)
Integration of HPR fund activities into national priorities,
plans and systems.
13. Required Actions for financing Health
promotion
Fair financing of health promotion actions
Market responsibilities
Empowerment of individuals and communities
Gender equity
Good governance
Health equity in all policies
14. Way Forward – Convergence of Actions
Price and tax measures to reduce demand for
tobacco and alcohol
Ban sales of tobacco and alcohol products to
and by minors
Ban on tobacco and alcohol advertising,
promotion and sponsorship
15. Conclusion
A national social dialogue on establishing Health Promotion
Foundation using tobacco and alcohol tax should be convened
at all levels. This debate should take place at the political and
decision-making levels, civil society and with parliamentarians
focusing on legislative action, policy options and innovative
financing respectively.
Who shall floss between the fangs of cobra?
There is need for a strong leadership and collective solidarity
among various players ( A coalition of the willing).