2017 - Comparison of nitrifying microbial communities of two full-scale membr...WALEBUBLÉ
Barbarroja, P., Moreno-Mesonero, L., Zornoza, A., Fernández-Navarro, J., Alonso, J.L., Muñagorri, F., García, C., Álvarez, C. (2017) Comparison of nitrifying microbial communities of two full-scale membrane bioreactors treating wastewaters from municipal solid wastes using 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
2017 - Plausible Bioindicators of Biological Nitrogen Removal Process in WWTPsWALEBUBLÉ
Reference:
Zornoza, A., Alonso, J.L. and Serrano, S. (2017) Plausible Bioindicators of Biological Nitrogen Removal Process in WWTPs. In: Abstracts of the 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
2017 - Analysis of nitrifying microbial communities by FISH and 16S rRNA ampl...WALEBUBLÉ
Nitrification, the sequential oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate, is an important process for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. This process is catalysed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), two different groups of slow-growing microorganisms whose cooperation is needed to achieve complete nitrification. High efficiency and stability of this process is required for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operational optimization due to
nitrification is often subjected to recurring collapse in many WWTPs. Therefore, a better understanding of the microbial ecology of nitrifying bacteria in WWTPs could
potentially improve the nitrification stability. Novel high-throughput molecular methods, as next generation sequencing (NGS), are nowadays providing detailed knowledge on the microorganisms governing wastewater treatment systems. This
methods in conjunction with the environmental ordination of the relationships between biological variables (nitrifying bacterial community) and physicochemical variables (nitrogen compounds and environmental conditions) provide a powerful
tool to elucidate how selection pressures imposed by operational and environmental conditions affect community diversity and dynamics within activated sludge systems.
his study investigated the microbial community in a full scale anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor system for oil-produced water treatment in summer and winter. The community structures of fungi and bacteria were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand effluent concentration achieved lower than 50 mg/L level after the system in both summer and winter, however, chemical oxygen demand removal rates after anaerobic baffled reactor treatment system were significant higher in summer than that in winter, which conformed to the microbial community diversity. Saccharomycotina, Fusarium, and Aspergillus were detected in both anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor during summer and winter. The fungal communities in anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor were shaped by seasons and treatment units, while there was no correlation between abundance of fungi and chemical oxygen demand removal rates. Compared to summer, the total amount of the dominant hydrocarbon degrading bacteria decreased by 10.2% in anaerobic baffled reactor, resulting in only around 23% of chemical oxygen demand was removed in winter. Although microbial community significantly varied in the three parallel sulfide reducing bacteria, the performance of these bioreactors had no significant difference between summer and winter.
2017 - Environmental ordination of nitrifying bacterial community dynamics in...WALEBUBLÉ
Biological nitrification-denitrification is commonly used for nitrogen removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Nitrification, is the sequential oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate. This process is catalysed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea (AOB and AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), whose cooperation is needed to achieve complete nitrification. They are a phylogenetically diverse guild with pronounced ecological niche specialization and they differ from each other in fundamental physiological and molecular traits. Although the nitrification process in WWTPs has been investigated in depth, the response of microbial
communities are still a focus of considerable interest due to their high sensitivity to inhibitory compounds and environmental factors, that results in repeated breakdowns of nitrification performance. Most of studies have been mainly descriptive and/or exploratory and environmental interpretation has not been addressed. In this study, we focus on the environmental ordination of the relationships between biological variables (nitrifying bacterial community) and physicochemical variables (nitrogen compounds and environmental conditions), to propose new strategies to improve the performance of the nitrogen removal process in WWTPs.
2017 - Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated SludgeWALEBUBLÉ
Reference:
Zornoza, A., Serrano, S. and Alonso, J.L. (2017) Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge. In: Abstracts of the 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
2017 - Comparison of nitrifying microbial communities of two full-scale membr...WALEBUBLÉ
Barbarroja, P., Moreno-Mesonero, L., Zornoza, A., Fernández-Navarro, J., Alonso, J.L., Muñagorri, F., García, C., Álvarez, C. (2017) Comparison of nitrifying microbial communities of two full-scale membrane bioreactors treating wastewaters from municipal solid wastes using 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
2017 - Plausible Bioindicators of Biological Nitrogen Removal Process in WWTPsWALEBUBLÉ
Reference:
Zornoza, A., Alonso, J.L. and Serrano, S. (2017) Plausible Bioindicators of Biological Nitrogen Removal Process in WWTPs. In: Abstracts of the 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
2017 - Analysis of nitrifying microbial communities by FISH and 16S rRNA ampl...WALEBUBLÉ
Nitrification, the sequential oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate, is an important process for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. This process is catalysed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), two different groups of slow-growing microorganisms whose cooperation is needed to achieve complete nitrification. High efficiency and stability of this process is required for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operational optimization due to
nitrification is often subjected to recurring collapse in many WWTPs. Therefore, a better understanding of the microbial ecology of nitrifying bacteria in WWTPs could
potentially improve the nitrification stability. Novel high-throughput molecular methods, as next generation sequencing (NGS), are nowadays providing detailed knowledge on the microorganisms governing wastewater treatment systems. This
methods in conjunction with the environmental ordination of the relationships between biological variables (nitrifying bacterial community) and physicochemical variables (nitrogen compounds and environmental conditions) provide a powerful
tool to elucidate how selection pressures imposed by operational and environmental conditions affect community diversity and dynamics within activated sludge systems.
his study investigated the microbial community in a full scale anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor system for oil-produced water treatment in summer and winter. The community structures of fungi and bacteria were analyzed through polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Illumina high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand effluent concentration achieved lower than 50 mg/L level after the system in both summer and winter, however, chemical oxygen demand removal rates after anaerobic baffled reactor treatment system were significant higher in summer than that in winter, which conformed to the microbial community diversity. Saccharomycotina, Fusarium, and Aspergillus were detected in both anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor during summer and winter. The fungal communities in anaerobic baffled reactor and sequencing batch reactor were shaped by seasons and treatment units, while there was no correlation between abundance of fungi and chemical oxygen demand removal rates. Compared to summer, the total amount of the dominant hydrocarbon degrading bacteria decreased by 10.2% in anaerobic baffled reactor, resulting in only around 23% of chemical oxygen demand was removed in winter. Although microbial community significantly varied in the three parallel sulfide reducing bacteria, the performance of these bioreactors had no significant difference between summer and winter.
2017 - Environmental ordination of nitrifying bacterial community dynamics in...WALEBUBLÉ
Biological nitrification-denitrification is commonly used for nitrogen removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Nitrification, is the sequential oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate. This process is catalysed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea (AOB and AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), whose cooperation is needed to achieve complete nitrification. They are a phylogenetically diverse guild with pronounced ecological niche specialization and they differ from each other in fundamental physiological and molecular traits. Although the nitrification process in WWTPs has been investigated in depth, the response of microbial
communities are still a focus of considerable interest due to their high sensitivity to inhibitory compounds and environmental factors, that results in repeated breakdowns of nitrification performance. Most of studies have been mainly descriptive and/or exploratory and environmental interpretation has not been addressed. In this study, we focus on the environmental ordination of the relationships between biological variables (nitrifying bacterial community) and physicochemical variables (nitrogen compounds and environmental conditions), to propose new strategies to improve the performance of the nitrogen removal process in WWTPs.
2017 - Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated SludgeWALEBUBLÉ
Reference:
Zornoza, A., Serrano, S. and Alonso, J.L. (2017) Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge. In: Abstracts of the 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
Heavy Metals in Sediment from Alvarado Lagoon System in Veracruz, MéxicoIJEAB
Heavy metals are one of the main sources of pollution in sediment in coastal lagoons in Mexico. The presence of metals in sediments of these aquatic bodies, are an indicator that allows us to know the environmental quality of ecosystems and the risk it poses to public health. This, due to consumption of aquatic organisms that have direct contact with the sediment when inhabiting the bottom of the lagoon system. The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Co in the Alvarado lagoon complex in Veracruz, Mexico. Sediments of 41 sampling stations were analyzed. Sediment digestion for the analysis of heavy metals was carried out in a CEM Microwave Accelerated Reaction System, Model MARS 5®. The concentrations levels of the metals were analyzed by atomic absorption through flame spectrophotometry on a Thermo Cientific 3500 Model AA Ice System. The presence of the five metals were found in all 41 analyzed stations. The Co presented the maximum concentration with 9.53 μg g-1. Concentrations were within the limits established by international legislation with the exception of Cd. However, continuous analyzes should be carried out in this study area to ensure the environmental quality of sediments as a final deposit site for persistent organic pollutants. The above as a result of different productive activities that impact this area of study.
L’OLIGOTROFITZACIÓ CULTURAL DELS RIUS OCCIDENTALS I ELS CANVIS A L’ECOSISTEMA FLUVIAL: EL CAS DE L’EBRE.
Seminari Dept Ecologia - UB per Carles Ibañez (IRTA-Sant Carles de la Ràpita) el 18/01/2013
3 ijhaf nov-2017-6-study of the macronutrient elementsAI Publications
In the current research has been followed the impact of six fertilizer products on the content of macronutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in the soil during a vegetation and after harvesting of the grain-leguminous crop soybean. The experiment is brought out on a training-experimental field of Department „Plant Production“ to Technical university – Varna with variety PR91M10 as per the generally accepted methods for specifying the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphates, absorbable potassium and pH. The agrochemical analyses show that after bringing in of MAP are established higher values of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the soil during vegetation of the soybean, while after its harvesting the highest content of ammonium nitrogen is reported in the variant, which has been fertilized with NPK, and of nitrate – with urea. Regardless of the used fertilizer product, after the harvesting of the soybean has been reported lower content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. At usage of MAP has been established higher content of mobile phosphates in the soil during vegetation of the soybean and after its harvesting, as the differences between MAP and the rest variants are statistically reliable. The values of phosphorus in the soil after collecting of the soybean are higher in four of the experimental plots, as at the variants, which have been fertilized with fertilizers, containing phosphorus (MAP, DAP and NPK) the difference is more substantial. The statistical analysis has not established proof of the differences between the variants as per content of absorbable potassium in the soil. The tendency is analogous as the exposed at the mobile phosphates, something more, in all variants of the experiment the values after harvesting are higher than the reported during vegetation.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Potential Microorganism for Remediation of Heavy...CSCJournals
The present research work has been carried out to study the waste disposal contaminated site for its physico chemical and microbial characterization and identification of potential microorganism capable of bioaccumulation and biodegradation of heavy metals. The ambient conditions present in the metal contaminated environment shows the values: pH(5.4),temperature(30°C), moisture(11.71%), nutrients; Nitrogen(0.2mg/l), phosphorus(22.65mg/l) and sulphur(559.3mg/l) respectively. The biological parameters studied indicate Dissolved oxygen (7.4mg/l), Biological oxygen demand (3.8 mg/l), Chemical oxygen demand (64.6 mg/l). The microbial consortium identified was found to survive and multiply in the present environmental conditions. Microbial consortium was sequenced and compared using Bioinformatics tools like BLAST, ClustalW and PHYLIP. In order to identify potential microorganism, microbial consortium was exposed to increasing concentrations of heavy metals viz 5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l, 100mg/l up to 800mg/l with special reference to Iron. At a concentration of 500mg/l, only one microorganism was found survived and multiplied. This shows that potential microorganism was only survived at higher concentration of iron. The 16SrRNA sequence and phylogenetic tree characterized the organism as Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was also confirmed by biochemical tests. The potential microorganism identified by BLAST technique can be used for remediation of the heavy metal from contaminated environment.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Heavy Metals in Sediment from Alvarado Lagoon System in Veracruz, MéxicoIJEAB
Heavy metals are one of the main sources of pollution in sediment in coastal lagoons in Mexico. The presence of metals in sediments of these aquatic bodies, are an indicator that allows us to know the environmental quality of ecosystems and the risk it poses to public health. This, due to consumption of aquatic organisms that have direct contact with the sediment when inhabiting the bottom of the lagoon system. The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Co in the Alvarado lagoon complex in Veracruz, Mexico. Sediments of 41 sampling stations were analyzed. Sediment digestion for the analysis of heavy metals was carried out in a CEM Microwave Accelerated Reaction System, Model MARS 5®. The concentrations levels of the metals were analyzed by atomic absorption through flame spectrophotometry on a Thermo Cientific 3500 Model AA Ice System. The presence of the five metals were found in all 41 analyzed stations. The Co presented the maximum concentration with 9.53 μg g-1. Concentrations were within the limits established by international legislation with the exception of Cd. However, continuous analyzes should be carried out in this study area to ensure the environmental quality of sediments as a final deposit site for persistent organic pollutants. The above as a result of different productive activities that impact this area of study.
L’OLIGOTROFITZACIÓ CULTURAL DELS RIUS OCCIDENTALS I ELS CANVIS A L’ECOSISTEMA FLUVIAL: EL CAS DE L’EBRE.
Seminari Dept Ecologia - UB per Carles Ibañez (IRTA-Sant Carles de la Ràpita) el 18/01/2013
3 ijhaf nov-2017-6-study of the macronutrient elementsAI Publications
In the current research has been followed the impact of six fertilizer products on the content of macronutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in the soil during a vegetation and after harvesting of the grain-leguminous crop soybean. The experiment is brought out on a training-experimental field of Department „Plant Production“ to Technical university – Varna with variety PR91M10 as per the generally accepted methods for specifying the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphates, absorbable potassium and pH. The agrochemical analyses show that after bringing in of MAP are established higher values of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the soil during vegetation of the soybean, while after its harvesting the highest content of ammonium nitrogen is reported in the variant, which has been fertilized with NPK, and of nitrate – with urea. Regardless of the used fertilizer product, after the harvesting of the soybean has been reported lower content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. At usage of MAP has been established higher content of mobile phosphates in the soil during vegetation of the soybean and after its harvesting, as the differences between MAP and the rest variants are statistically reliable. The values of phosphorus in the soil after collecting of the soybean are higher in four of the experimental plots, as at the variants, which have been fertilized with fertilizers, containing phosphorus (MAP, DAP and NPK) the difference is more substantial. The statistical analysis has not established proof of the differences between the variants as per content of absorbable potassium in the soil. The tendency is analogous as the exposed at the mobile phosphates, something more, in all variants of the experiment the values after harvesting are higher than the reported during vegetation.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Potential Microorganism for Remediation of Heavy...CSCJournals
The present research work has been carried out to study the waste disposal contaminated site for its physico chemical and microbial characterization and identification of potential microorganism capable of bioaccumulation and biodegradation of heavy metals. The ambient conditions present in the metal contaminated environment shows the values: pH(5.4),temperature(30°C), moisture(11.71%), nutrients; Nitrogen(0.2mg/l), phosphorus(22.65mg/l) and sulphur(559.3mg/l) respectively. The biological parameters studied indicate Dissolved oxygen (7.4mg/l), Biological oxygen demand (3.8 mg/l), Chemical oxygen demand (64.6 mg/l). The microbial consortium identified was found to survive and multiply in the present environmental conditions. Microbial consortium was sequenced and compared using Bioinformatics tools like BLAST, ClustalW and PHYLIP. In order to identify potential microorganism, microbial consortium was exposed to increasing concentrations of heavy metals viz 5mg/l, 25mg/l, 50mg/l, 100mg/l up to 800mg/l with special reference to Iron. At a concentration of 500mg/l, only one microorganism was found survived and multiplied. This shows that potential microorganism was only survived at higher concentration of iron. The 16SrRNA sequence and phylogenetic tree characterized the organism as Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was also confirmed by biochemical tests. The potential microorganism identified by BLAST technique can be used for remediation of the heavy metal from contaminated environment.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Microbial diversity in water & sediment of karanja creekPrabhakar Pawar
Contamination of marine environment is an inevitable consequence of anthropogenic activities and bacterial communities quickly respond to such alterations. The use of
indicators for evaluating the microbiological quality of the marine surface water is a worldwide practice. Mumbai, a major metropolis and Business capital city of India, is situated on the west coast of Indian peninsula on the Arabian Sea. Mumbai is a natural harbour and also one of the world’s most populous cities called as the Urbs Prima of India. Nearly 8% of the ndustries of the country are located around Mumbai. Coastal
region in and around Mumbai receives 0.85 millions m3/d of liquid effluent and 14,600 t/d of solid waste without any treatment, which deteriorates the coastal ecosystem. The Karanja creek situated 30 km. away from Mumbai and 10 km away from Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), receives voluminous amount of domestic and industrial waste.
The creek is a major fishing ground for finfishes and shellfishes; it was not surveyed for its microbiological quality. During present investigation, water and sediment samples
from Karanja creek were monitored seasonally for coliform bacteria during 2004. The samples were analyzed by Presumptive test, Confirmed tests, Completed test and
Biochemical tests like IMViC (Indole test, Methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test and Citrate utilization test). Standard Plate Count (SPC) for coliforms from sediment was
found to be much higher than that of water. The data on presumptive test by Most Probable Number (MPN) was high during monsoon than that of post monsoon in surface
water. IMViC tests were positive, confirming the presence of fecal and non-fecal coliforms. The present study highlights the diversified nature of coliform species namely Escherichia coli, Klesiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhimurium of family enterobacteriaceae from water and sediment samples
of Karanja creek. Result of present investigation confirms the microbial pollution in Karanja creek to certain extent. This microbial pollution is correlated to the release of untreated or partially treated domestic and industrial wastes. The data presented can be taken as a base line data in knowing the impact of human activity on the creek ecosystem
in near future.
Predicting the successional stage in biological soil crust by physical, biophysiological measurements and in combination with molecular methods (DGGE 16S rRNA) and phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA)
Determinar la toxicitat dels sediments en els ecosistemes aquàtics és un repte, i és necessari per a una adequada avaluació del risc toxicològic en aquests ecosistemes. En les darreres dècades s’han estudiat i aplicat diferents eines (ex. tests de laboratori amb diferents concentracions, tests amb l’aigua intersticial, estudis de bioacumulació, índexs de toxicitat). Actualment es recomana l'aplicació conjunta d'eines químiques, ecològiques i toxicològiques per a una adequada avaluació. En aquest treball utilitzem l’aproximació de les Toxic Units, tests de toxicitat amb l’aigua intersticial (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata i Daphnia magna) i tests d'exposició amb el sediment (V. fischeri, Chironomus riparius), juntament amb l’estudi de la comunitat d'invertebrats, per detectar respostes a curt i llarg termini en quatre rius de la Península Ibèrica: el Llobregat, l’Ebre, el Xúquer i el Guadalquivir.
by Núria de Castro-Català, Maja Kuzmanovic, Neus Roig, Jordi Sierra, Antoni Ginebreda, Damià Barceló, Sandra Pérez, Mira Petrovic, Yolanda Picó, Marta Schumacher and Isabel Muñoz
Two-Phase Improves Performance of Anaerobic MembraneBioreact.docxjuliennehar
Two-Phase Improves Performance of Anaerobic Membrane
Bioreactor Treatment of Food Waste at High Organic Loading Rates
Yamrot M. Amha,† Michael Corbett,‡ and Adam L. Smith*,†
†Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Los
Angeles, California 90089, United States
‡Divert, Inc., 23 Bradford Street, 3rd Floor, Concord, Massachusetts 01742, United States
*S Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs)
are in use at the full-scale for energy recovery from food waste
(FW). In this study, the potential for two-phase (acid/gas)
AnMBR treatment of FW was investigated as a strategy to
increase microbial diversity, thereby improving performance.
Two bench-scale AnMBRs were operated in single-phase (SP)
and two-phase (TP) mode across incremental increases in
organic loading rate (OLR) from 2.5 to 15 g total chemical
oxygen demand (COD) L·d−1. The TP acid-phase (TP-AP)
enriched total VFAs by 3-fold compared to influent FW and
harbored a distinct microbial community enriched in
fermenters that thrived in the low pH environment. The TP methane phase (TP-MP) showed increased methane production
and resilience relative to SP as OLR increased from 3.5 to 10 g COD L·d−1. SP showed signs of inhibition (i.e., rapid decrease in
methane production per OLR) at 10 g COD L·d−1, whereas both systems were inhibited at 15 g COD L·d−1. At 10 g COD L·
d−1, where the highest difference in performance was observed (20.3% increase in methane production), activity of syntrophic
bacteria in TP-MP was double that of SP. Our results indicate that AnMBRs in TP mode could effectively treat FW at OLRs up
to 10 g COD·L day−1 by improving hydrolysis rates, microbial diversity, and syntroph activity, and enriching resistant
communities to high OLRs relative to AnMBRs in SP mode.
1. INTRODUCTION
As landfills rapidly reach capacity in the US and elsewhere,
diversion of organic wastes is expected to become the norm.
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs), which combine
anaerobic treatment with membrane separation, have emerged
as a sustainable food waste (FW) management strategy with
reduced environmental footprint relative to landfilling and
composting, while also providing energy recovery via biogas
production.1 Compared to conventional anaerobic digesters
(ADs), membrane separation in AnMBRs decouples solid
retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT),
enabling operation at longer SRTs. This can be advantageous
for FW management due to the high organic content and
temporal heterogeneity in waste characteristics. The long SRT
and membrane separation drastically improves effluent quality
relative to conventional AD, an important feature in
decentralized FW management where effluent discharge to
local publicly owned treatment works is necessary. AnMBRs
may also permit operation at higher OLR than ADs, a critical
parameter that dictates system capacity and reactor dimen- ...
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOOLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT and the principle behind the methodology, the methodology of the technique is described well in here...............
This is the PowerPoint presentation by extracting data from a research article. This is the title of article" Augmented CO2 tolerance by expressing a single H+-pump enables microalgal valorization of industrial flue gas" published in nature communications. You can download it and ask me to provide you this article as well.
Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Microor...BRNSS Publication Hub
Introduction: Biosurfactants are amphiphatic in nature and are surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms. These molecules reduce interfacial surface tension between aqueous solutions and hydrocarbon mixtures. Unfortunately, oil spills and industrial discharges from petroleum-related industries have been identified as the major pollution sources. The hydrophobicity and low aqueous solubility of petroleum pollutant limit the biodegradation process. The features that make biosurfactants as an alternative to commercially synthesized surfactants are its low toxicity, higher biodegradability and, hence, greater environmental compatibility, better foaming properties, and stable activity at extreme pH, temperature, and salinity. Objective: Therefore, in this study, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were screened from petroleum-contaminated soil, characterized and optimization of the physical and nutrient parameters were done to enhance the production of biosurfactants. Results: Petroleum-contaminated soil was collected from different petrol pumps in Pune and screening was done on minimal salt medium media containing palm oil as carbon source using hemolytic activity, emulsification index, drop-collapse test, and oil displacement method. The most promising strain was isolated and identified using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Biology and 16s rRNA sequencing and was found to be Staphylococcus epidermidis. The optimization of various parameters, namely temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources on growth, and biosurfactant production was studied. The highest biosurfactant production was obtained when MSS media contains sucrose (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source) at pH 10 and temperature 55°C. The Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analysis of purified biosurfactant indicated the presence of lipopeptide biosurfactant when compared with reference FT-IR spectra.
Microbial community analysis in anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (pome) waste...eSAT Journals
Microorganisms play a key role in wastewater bio-treatment processes and understanding the microbial community structure is of great importance to improve treatment performance. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to monitor succession of the microbial community and thus predominant bands were sequenced to reveal the microbial community composition inside palm oil mill effluent (POME) wastewater.DNA bands from DGGE gels were excised with a sterile blade and placed in 1.5 ml eppendorf tube containing 50 μl deionized water (ddH2O). Tubes were incubated overnight at 4C to elute the DNA. Eluted DNA was purified using QIAquick gel extraction kits (QIAGEN, Inc., Valencia, CA) and was frozen and thawed three times.Microbial DNA successfully excised and purified from DGGE was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Five micro liters of the supernatant were used as a template to re-amplify the DNA using 16s rDNA primers,341f (with no GC-clamp) (5'- cct-acg-gga-ggc-agc-ag-3') and reverse(r) primers 907r (5'-ccc-cgt-caa-ttc-att-tga-gtt-t-3'). Amplification was repeated referring to the steps in ‘PCR amplification of 16s rDNA’. PCR products from agarose gels were cut and purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (QIAGEN, Inc., Valencia, CA), which were similar to the purification steps after recovery of DNA from DGGE, and sequenced in both directions with the same primers (with no GC-clamp) as used in PCR. Moreover, start-up is an important step in establishing proper community structure in all kinds of biological treatment processes. In anaerobic POME wastewater, 6 sequences of Firmicutes, 5 sequence of Proteobacterium and 2 sequences of Bacteroidetes were found through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results. Sequence closely related to Rummeliibacillus suwonensis strain G20 was detected grows at band BE10, BE11, BE12, BE15, BE16, BE17 and BE18. Meanwhile BE25 and BE26 were found at band after treatment process done.Rummeliibacillus suwonensis is an aerobic, Gram-positive, rod shaped, round-spore-forming bacteria which were isolated from aerobic condition. Keywords: Palm oil mill effluent (POME), anaerobic POME, Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and microbial community.
After a pilot scale production of a rhamnolipidic biosurfactant, it is purified using two methods, chemical separation and chromatography. We use UPLC-MS/MS for the characterization of the chemical species.
Similar to microbial community structure of polluted river sediments (20)
microbial community structure of polluted river sediments
1. 1 Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis as a Measure of Impact of Acid Rock Drainage on Microbial Communities in Sediment and Comparison With Other Measures Eric Ben-David Environment Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW)
11. 6 Why Microbes? Need to measure across different trophic levels Suitable for sediments and water Rapid - less labour intensive Logistics of repeat sampling Response time / sub-lethal effects Public perception
12. 7 In-situ Microbial Community Assessment In the Environment < 1.0 to 0.1% of the in-situ microbial community is detected using Isolation and Classical Plate Count Many non-culturable organisms can be infectious, isolation can take days, lose insight into community interactions & physiology Two Complimentary Biomarker Methods: DNA: Recover from surface, Amplify with PCR using rDNA primers , Separate with DGGE, sequence for identification and phylogenetic relationship. Great specificity Lipids:Extract, concentrate, structural analysis Quantitative, Insight into: viable biomass, community composition, Nutritional-physiological status, evidence for metabolic activity
13. 8 ToolsSelected Chemical PLFA - Primary Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA’s) Isoprenoid Quinones Growth BIOLOG® Agar Plates Activity Exoenzymes
17. 13 PLFA Analysis Sufficiently complex to provide biomarkers for viable biomass, community composition nutritional/physiological status Found in reasonably constant amounts in bacterial cells as they occur in nature
18. 14 Experimental Approach Lipids can be quantitatively extracted using simple methods The PLFAs are separated from other lipids using column chromatography The PLFAs are converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and quantified using GC-MS The relative abundance of each FAME is calculated
21. 17 How Can We Analyse the Microbial Community Structure? Pure culture studies, mixed enrichment cultures and manipulative lab and field experiments established the link between groups of microbes and specific PLFAs We group together suites of microbes that share biochemical characteristics. ie. eukaryotes vs prokaryotes
24. 20 BIOLOG® (Carbon Utilisation Assay) BIOLOG plates are 96 well microplates containing multiple carbon substrate Each well contains a carbon substrate and a dye which produce a violet colour on oxidation of the substrate A measure of the functional ability is obtained with the quantification of the colour formation through absorbance measurement
25. 21 Microbial Exoenzymes’ Activity In order to utilise macromolecules, microbes produce extracellular enzymes The enzymes hydrolyse organic material into monomeric compounds that can be transported across the cell membrane Exoenzymes’ activity can be measured using spectrofluorometric technique This enables the determination of microbial activity and productivity
26. 22 Microbial Exoenzymes’ Activity Utilisation of different components of organic matter by three classes of exoenzymes whose activity was investigated and their corresponding functional groups
27. 23 Brukunga Mine Site The Brukunga pyrite mine site is located north of Nairne in the Adelaide Hills of South Australia
28. 24 Map of field sites in the Dawesley catchment ARD from the sulfide waste rock and tailing dam drain into Dawesly Creek Other insults to the system include: treated sewage Agricultural and rural/urban run-off dry-land salinity
32. RDA is a constrained ordination technique based on PCA which enables the assessment of the relationship between environmental data and the variation in the PLFAs’ profiles
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34. 28 Summer 99: PCA’s and RDA’s of Water and Sediments Water PCA Sediments PCA RDA
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39. 33 Replication and Reproducibility Absolute Abundance (nmole PLFA/ g Dry wt) Relative Abundance (mole %)
40. 34 Replication and Reproducibility - Summary The data provides us with a wealth of info. Absolute abundance is considerably higher in the reference sites Relative abundance indicates that the main variations in PLFA profiles are confined to specific fatty acids
41. 35 Total PLFA / Total Microbial Biomass – Spring vs Summer
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43. Sites further downstream of the mine were characterised by lower biomass despite their improved water quality, compared with more proximal sites
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45. 38 The Microbial Community Structure Nov. 98 Feb. 99 Jul. 99 Jan. 02 Sep. 00 Temporal changes in the relative abundance of microbial functional groups in sediments (1998-2002): I, microeukaryotes; II, aerobic prokaryotes and eukaryotes; III, Gram-positive and other anaerobic bacteria; IV, SRB and other anaerobic prokaryotes. MDC, sites along middle Dawesley Creek (MS-DBN); LDC, sites along the lower part of Dawesley Creek (MB-BR); Reference, reference sites PB and NC
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47. In addition, high proportions of PLFA biomarkers consistent with the presence of Acidithiobacillus sp. were found at sites immediately downstream of Brukunga Mine.
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49. 41 PLFA vs Macroinvertebrates Comparison of mean macroinvertebrates species richness at each site (September 1996 to December 1998 average, September 1998, and December 1998) with PLFA based cells estimate
50. 42 Total PLFA vs Viable Count (b) (a) Comparison of bacterial and fungal viable counts with PLFA based bacterial and fungal cell estimates (a); and (b) number of bacteria (CFU/ml) and fungi (CFU/ml) relative to pH
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53. 45 Total PLFA vs BIOLOG - Summary Multivariate analyses of the data produced through the BiologTM and PLFA analyses gave highly similar results The fact that two completely different methods were in good agreement with each other support the conclusion that the microbial community changed in response to ARD/salinity. Since one method provides structural data and the other functional data, the two methods are complementary. AWCD values were not correlated with the microbial biomass This was not surprising since the BIOLOG assay does not measure the activity of autotrophs or anaerobic microbes
54. 46 Total PLFA vs Microbial Enzymatic Activities phosphatase β-glucosidase aminopeptidase
55. 47 Total PLFA vs Microbial Enzymatic Activities Rum Jungle Mine, Australian Northern Territories
56. 48 Microbial Enzymatic Activities - Summary Advantage - useful measurement as it provides info. regarding the physiological status of mixed microbial communities relevant to biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function Drawback - Unable to provide information about the community structure in terms of numbers, the types of microorganisms or the specific fraction of the total number engaged in respiration. Phosphatase and β-glucosidase from the ARD impacted sites had a lower pH optima (pH = 4) compared with the reference sites (pH = 5-6). This indicates that ARD impacted sediments contained a mixed microbial population composed of acidophilic, heterotrophic microorganisms, bacteria and/or fungi which were adapted to the acid conditions.
57. 49 General Conclusions PLFA analysis was successfully applied to rapidly assess the toxicity of ARD affected sediments and to differentiate this response from the effect of other pollutants, viz increased nutrients and salinity PLFA profiling is sensitive enough to monitor even moderate levels of pollution (I.e. post rehabilitated East Branch of Rum Jungle) Particularly useful when the PLFA’s relative abundance was analysed by multivariate statistics
58. 50 GeneralConclusions The study demonstrated that monitoring and analysing sediment microbial communities under environmental perturbations requires an integrated and polyphasic approach using a range of techniques, both biological and chemical The results suggest that total microbial biomass may not correlate well with measures that rely on growth. Activity measures, however, may better predict the microbial biomass in moderately polluted ecosystems such as Rum Jungle
59. 51 GeneralConclusions The “response” of the microbial community was a consequence of the specific component of the microbial community that each technique was able to detect Measures of total biomass may not be very useful for the assessment of heavy metal effect on the dynamics of microbial communities of ARD impacted sediments
60. 52 Acknowledgments Many thanks to: Dr. Peter Holden (ANSTO) Dr. John Foster (UNSW) Dr. David Stone (ANSTO) Dr. John Ferris (ANSTO) Rob Russel Karyn Wilde