Plasma is one of the advanced technology in semi conducting materials. Scientists states that 99% of the universe is covered with plasma. Plasma Antenna is a special type of antenna in which metal conducting elements of conventional antenna are replaced by plasma. Its 4th state of matter similar to gas. It employs ionized gas enclosed in a tube as conducting element of an antenna. When the gas is electrically charged or ionized to plasma, it becomes conductive & allowing radio frequency signals to be transmitted or received. When gas is not ionized, the antenna elements ceases to exit. When voltage is applied to an antenna, electric field is produced which causes current to flow in antenna. Due to current flow, magnetic field is produced. It is more advantageous than other antenna due to ionized gas. It has higher effiency & enhanced bandwidth. The fact that the emitting element is formed over the interval needed for the emission of an electromagnetic pulse is an important advantage of plasma antennas . In the passive state (in the absence of plasma in the discharge tube),such a device does not exhibit electric conductivity. A plasma stream flowing from a jet into the ambient space , the plasma trace of a body moving at an ultrasonic velocity in the atmosphere , and alternative plasma objects have been studied as possible antenna elements. Metal antennas currently in implementation use metallic conductor as guiding medium for electromagnetic radiations. Plasma antennas uses ionized medium. The plasma antenna is a radiofrequency antenna formed by a plasma columns, filaments or sheets, which are excited by a surface wave. The relevance of this device is how rapidly it can be turned on and off only applying an electrical pulse. Unlike traditional metal antenna, plasma antenna is based on partially or fully ionized gas used as a conducting material Plasma antennas find its applications in variety of fields due its unique properties, characteristics and advantages over traditional metallic antennas. i) Faster internet ii) Public safety networks iii) Radio and television broadcasting iv) Space communication

1. BY,
S . SWETHA -
14251A1744
K . VYSHNAVI -
14251A1730

2. ANTENNA
 Antenna is a metallic structure
used to propagate EM
wave such that maximum
intensity is in intended
direction.
 It is an electromagnetic radiator,
transducer, sensor and impedance
matching device
 used in systems such as radio
broadcasting , broadcast television, radar
etc.

3. What is ‘PLASMA’?
 Fourth state of matter
 Plasma can be defined as a set of quasi-
neutral particles with free electric charge
carriers which behave collectively
LIGHTENING
NEON LIGHTS

4. PLASMA ANTENNA
 It is a type of radio antenna currently in
development in which plasma is used
instead of the metal elements of a
traditional antenna.A plasma antenna can
be used for
both transmission and reception.

5. • Plasma antenna technology employs ionized gas
enclosed in a tube (or other enclosure) as the
conducting element of an antenna
• Plasma antennae can be configured to operate up
to 20GHz.
• Plasma allows radio frequency signals to be
transmitted or received as ionized gas is an
efficient conducting element.

6. • If W > Wp. EM wave frequency is greater than
plasma frequency (an inherent property of plasma),
so wave propagates in plasma and the plasma has
dielectric properties which are electrically
controllable.
• If W < Wp. The wave is vanishing with the plasma
medium. The wave can be absorbed or reflected
depending on the collision frequency.

7. • The Nyquist formula states that the noise power is
proportional to temperature However, the Nyquest
formula assumes that the electron collision rate is much
higher than the applied frequency.
𝜋
2
RKT
• This is not always true in a plasma. If the collision rate
is smaller that the applied frequency, the noise in this
frequency range is greatly reduced.
𝜋
2
𝟏
(𝟏+
𝟐𝝅𝒗
𝒗 𝒄
𝟐)
Thermal noise in plasma antenna……

8. Methods of producing radiations:
There are two methods of producing
radiation:
 m-radiation method
 d-radiation method

9. Specifications Traditional Antenna Plasma Antenna
Construction Metal Plasma
Power Lower Higher
Efficiency Low High
Weight Higher Lower
Size Large Small
Ringing Effect Yes No
Transmission/Reception
Uses RF sinusoidal
signals
Uses short pulse during
the time of
transmission/reception
Noise Higher
Lower, plasma antenna
has low collision rates
among its charge carriers.

10. Comparision of radiation patterns:

11.  Block diagram of simple monopole plasma antenna

12. Directivity comparision at 1GHz
Gain comparision at 1GHz

13. ADVANTAGES
 Invisible to radar
 No ringing effect
 More efficient
 Dynamically reconfigurable
 Fast transmission
 Low interference
 High gain
 Wide bandwidth
 Resistant to electronic warfare

14. DISADVANTAGES
 Complex Design
 More power consumption
 Always stable and repeatable plasma
volumes are required
 Cost required for ionising plasma is
more
 Maintenance to repair or replace the
unit components will be high

15. APPLICATIONS
 Radio and television broadcasting
 Space communications
 Military applications
 Faster internet
 Public safety networks

16. AVAILABLE
 Available
Plasma Sonics Ltd. Co.
 Specifications
Glass -Pyrex
Tube Length > 3
Tube Diameter -25mm
Mount Dimensions-
12.5 inches X 21 inches
 Price: $ 380

17. CONCLUSION
 Technology Currently being under
development
 Could greatly impact future of
communications
 Better performance than
metal antennas

18. REFERENCES
 Journals and websites
 [1]Kumar, Rajneesh; Bora, Dhiraj; , "A reconfigurable plasma
antenna,"Journal of Applied Physics, vol.107, no.5,
pp.053303-053303-9, Mar 2010
 [2] Xue-Shi Li; Fan Luo; Bin-Jie Hu; , "FDTD Analysis of
Radiation Performance of a Cylinder Plasma Antenna,"
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, vol.8, no.,
pp.756-758, 2009 doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2009.2022963
 http://www.plasmas.org/what-are-plasmas.htm
 http://www.essortment.com/plasma-fourth-state-matter-
40444.html
 http://intuitor.com/resonance/radioTVres.html
 http://www.plasmasonics.com/tube.html