planning.pptx
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This document discusses various types of planning used in organizations, including strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning, and contingency planning. Strategic planning defines a company's long-term vision and direction. Tactical planning prioritizes tasks and delegates them to team members. Operational planning coordinates physical resources to create products and services. Contingency planning prepares for unexpected events. Planning occurs at the corporate, business, and functional levels. Forecasting, contingency plans, scenario planning, benchmarking, and participatory planning are techniques used for effective planning. Decision-making involves identifying goals, gathering information, weighing alternatives, and evaluating outcomes.
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planning.pptx
- 2. PLAN VS PLANNING Plans Typically any diagrams or list of steps with details of timing and resources used to achieve an objective to do something. It is commonly understood as a temporal set of intended actions through which one expects to achieve a goal. Planning An active way of discussing the goals, objectives, strategies, and tasks that we need to accomplish.
- 3. The 4 Types of Plans Operational Planning Strategic Planning Tactical Planning Contingency Planning
- 4. Strategic Planning Strategic planning is a management process for defining a company's long-term vision, direction, and actions. It is a strategy to figure out what potential business opportunities exist for the company. It helps to align different initiatives, and get people focused on a single goal.
- 5. Tactical Planning Tactical planning is the practice of prioritizing tasks and delegating them to team members in a way that will get the task accomplished. Tactical planning means figuring out what needs to be done in order to achieve a goal, which team member can do it, and when they can get it done.
- 6. Operational Planning Operational planning is used to define the processes, procedures, and tasks that are needed to effectively coordinate the physical resources involved in an operation. In practice, operational planning is the process of deciding what tasks need to be done to create a product or service. It can be defined as the detailed routing of resources, efforts, and time in the production of goods and services.
- 7. Contingency Planning Contingency plans are made when something unexpected happens or when something needs to be changed. Business experts sometimes refer to these plans as a special type of planning.
- 9. Planning at different levels in the firm Corporate Business Functional
- 12. Planning techniques and tools For effective planning, there are different techniques and tools one can use. These include Forecasting contingency planning scenario planning benchmarking Participatory planning
- 13. Forecasting Forecasting is an attempt to predict what may happen in the future.
- 14. Contingency plans Contingency factors may offer alternative courses of action when the unexpected happen or when things go wrong.
- 15. Scenario planning Visualizing potential risks and opportunities
- 16. Benchmarking Benchmarking is another planning technique that generally involves external comparisons of a company’s practices and technologies with those of other companies.
- 17. Participatory planning Participatory planning is a planning process that includes the people who will be affected by the plans and those who will be asked to implement them in all planning steps
- 18. Decision making in a Business: According to Eby (2018), decision- making process involves identifying a goal, getting the relevant and necessary information, and weighing the alternatives in order to make a decision.
- 19. Process of Decision-making (according to Robbins and Coulter) 1. Identify the problem 2. Identify the decision criteria 3. Allocate weights to the criteria 4. Develop alternatives 5. Analyze the alternatives 6. Select an alternative 7. Implement the chosen alternative 8. Evaluate decision effectiveness
- 20. Thank You !!!