This article is a synthesis of a feasibility study for the operationalisation of a misconceived/defunct fish auction market infrastructure in Mauritius. The guiding principle of this work has been to reaffirm the “value for money“ of the investments and to mainstream the Fish Auction Market into national seafood hub and the regional landscape of fish trade. Far from being a “one size fits all” solution, the guidelines and lessons learned from this assignment can be useful in promoting appropriate market architecture in the fisheries sector as a promising pathway for market driven sustainable fisheries management in developing coastal and island economies.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. It notes that meditation can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and easing muscle tension. Regular meditation of 10-20 minutes per day is recommended to experience stress-relieving benefits.
The Tsinghua Ocean Center in Shenzhen, China is a 15,884 square meter laboratory and office building completed in 2017 for Tsinghua University's deep ocean research programs. It is designed with a central atrium flanked by laboratories, offices, and support spaces arranged around the perimeter to maximize ocean and mountain views. The building's form is inspired by ocean waves and research vessels to reflect its purpose of studying the deep ocean.
ANCHORUNG THE HARBOUR (FISHING AND MARKETING PORT).pdfAtharv Mehta
.1 Background –
India is the world’s fourth largest fishing nation, accounting for over4.39% of the global output and with a longest costal line of 8118 km. Maharashtra has 720Km coastline and it has fifth place in marine fish production after Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal and Gujarat. Out of this Harnai is giving a markable contribution through its harbors time onwards it has been using as a fish landing center on fair weather conditions. The fishing scene had fallen into bad times from its heydays in the 1970s, when fishermen in Thrissur used to come to sell their catch. It lost out largely because the mode of fishing changed from eight-man catamarans to 40-menand engine-powered trawlers and fiber boats. Now, workers say that hardly100 boxes of fish are sold at the fish-landing center. Presently the fisher man community over here is depending on Harbour which is already overloaded. So Harbour engineering department planned to construct a break water that facilitates all whether fish landing.
The facility is meant to be an addition to the harbours in the district with its close proximity to the city. The Harbour site is hardly 8km away from the Dapoli bus station and is next to the main coastal road of the city.
The Harnai Harbour is considered as a major step to revive the sizeable fishing community . The facility is meant to be an addition to the harbors in the district with its close proximity to the city. It consist of two phases of development. The first phase is under construction include the construction of the two breakwaters, a wharf, auction hall, and vehicle-parking areas. The Second phase is to be drafted which includes the related infrastructure that promote fishing industry and tourism.
1.2 Introduction- It’s project under Harbour engineering department Harnai which aims at enabling Vellayil as an all whether fish landing center. The neighboring Dabhol Harbour is designed for 250 boats and presently around 600 boats are coming there lacking
7
facilities. As Harbour is a major public space where a lot of people come it should stand iconic. Fishing ports and fish landing sites are complex dynamic interface zones involving mixing of environmental, ecological, economic and social activities and problems. This heterogeneous mix of activities demands strong cross- sector interaction at the planning stage to ensure that the resulting infrastructure may be managed in a sustainable manner. With respect to the relevance of the topic analyzed, Aim of the report is formulated i.e. what is the outcome of the report.
Architect Olivier Graeven over de LocHal, de circulaire bibliotheek in TilburgTanja Nolten
Olivier Graeven heeft de voormalige #LocHal in Tilburg omgetoverd tot een uiterst toegankelijke bibliotheek voor de stad en de wijde omgeving. Samenwerken, energie, circulair bouwen, de stad betrekken, het Textielmuseum: alles viel op zijn plek tijdens de bouw van dit oogstrelend gebouw
The document provides details about the proposed design of a marine park, including its objectives, methodology, and master plan. The methodology discusses site analysis, climatology, social factors, and other considerations. The master plan outlines various sections of the park such as the central coral tank, touch pool, freshwater section, reef colony, and more. It also discusses entrance areas, ticket counters, shops, cafes, and other park amenities. The overall aim is to provide both recreation and education about marine life through various exhibits and displays.
Healing Gardens: Creating Places for Restoration, Meditation, and Sanctuary: What Are the Defining Characteristics that Make a Healing Garden
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
The document provides information on three case studies of visitors' information centres - the Jacksonport State Park Visitor Center in Arkansas, the Auroville Visitors' Centre in India, and the Dakshinachitra Heritage Centre in India. It summarizes the key details of each centre, including their location, area, year of completion, design approach, and main components. The case studies are presented as examples of well-designed visitors' information centres that effectively showcase local heritage and culture and provide interpretive displays, amenities, and services to visitors.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. It notes that meditation can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and easing muscle tension. Regular meditation of 10-20 minutes per day is recommended to experience stress-relieving benefits.
The Tsinghua Ocean Center in Shenzhen, China is a 15,884 square meter laboratory and office building completed in 2017 for Tsinghua University's deep ocean research programs. It is designed with a central atrium flanked by laboratories, offices, and support spaces arranged around the perimeter to maximize ocean and mountain views. The building's form is inspired by ocean waves and research vessels to reflect its purpose of studying the deep ocean.
ANCHORUNG THE HARBOUR (FISHING AND MARKETING PORT).pdfAtharv Mehta
.1 Background –
India is the world’s fourth largest fishing nation, accounting for over4.39% of the global output and with a longest costal line of 8118 km. Maharashtra has 720Km coastline and it has fifth place in marine fish production after Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal and Gujarat. Out of this Harnai is giving a markable contribution through its harbors time onwards it has been using as a fish landing center on fair weather conditions. The fishing scene had fallen into bad times from its heydays in the 1970s, when fishermen in Thrissur used to come to sell their catch. It lost out largely because the mode of fishing changed from eight-man catamarans to 40-menand engine-powered trawlers and fiber boats. Now, workers say that hardly100 boxes of fish are sold at the fish-landing center. Presently the fisher man community over here is depending on Harbour which is already overloaded. So Harbour engineering department planned to construct a break water that facilitates all whether fish landing.
The facility is meant to be an addition to the harbours in the district with its close proximity to the city. The Harbour site is hardly 8km away from the Dapoli bus station and is next to the main coastal road of the city.
The Harnai Harbour is considered as a major step to revive the sizeable fishing community . The facility is meant to be an addition to the harbors in the district with its close proximity to the city. It consist of two phases of development. The first phase is under construction include the construction of the two breakwaters, a wharf, auction hall, and vehicle-parking areas. The Second phase is to be drafted which includes the related infrastructure that promote fishing industry and tourism.
1.2 Introduction- It’s project under Harbour engineering department Harnai which aims at enabling Vellayil as an all whether fish landing center. The neighboring Dabhol Harbour is designed for 250 boats and presently around 600 boats are coming there lacking
7
facilities. As Harbour is a major public space where a lot of people come it should stand iconic. Fishing ports and fish landing sites are complex dynamic interface zones involving mixing of environmental, ecological, economic and social activities and problems. This heterogeneous mix of activities demands strong cross- sector interaction at the planning stage to ensure that the resulting infrastructure may be managed in a sustainable manner. With respect to the relevance of the topic analyzed, Aim of the report is formulated i.e. what is the outcome of the report.
Architect Olivier Graeven over de LocHal, de circulaire bibliotheek in TilburgTanja Nolten
Olivier Graeven heeft de voormalige #LocHal in Tilburg omgetoverd tot een uiterst toegankelijke bibliotheek voor de stad en de wijde omgeving. Samenwerken, energie, circulair bouwen, de stad betrekken, het Textielmuseum: alles viel op zijn plek tijdens de bouw van dit oogstrelend gebouw
The document provides details about the proposed design of a marine park, including its objectives, methodology, and master plan. The methodology discusses site analysis, climatology, social factors, and other considerations. The master plan outlines various sections of the park such as the central coral tank, touch pool, freshwater section, reef colony, and more. It also discusses entrance areas, ticket counters, shops, cafes, and other park amenities. The overall aim is to provide both recreation and education about marine life through various exhibits and displays.
Healing Gardens: Creating Places for Restoration, Meditation, and Sanctuary: What Are the Defining Characteristics that Make a Healing Garden
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
The document provides information on three case studies of visitors' information centres - the Jacksonport State Park Visitor Center in Arkansas, the Auroville Visitors' Centre in India, and the Dakshinachitra Heritage Centre in India. It summarizes the key details of each centre, including their location, area, year of completion, design approach, and main components. The case studies are presented as examples of well-designed visitors' information centres that effectively showcase local heritage and culture and provide interpretive displays, amenities, and services to visitors.
Impact of fishing harbour on the living conditions of fishermen in muttom kan...IAEME Publication
- The document analyzes the impact of a fishing harbor on the living conditions of fishermen in Muttom, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India.
- It finds that the harbor has significantly reduced problems in fish sales for fishermen and improved their employment opportunities and incomes.
- Specifically, more fishermen now engage in full-time fishing compared to before the harbor, and higher percentages of fishermen earn monthly incomes of Rs. 10,001-20,000 and above Rs. 20,000 than before.
Cultural Theme Park - Studies - Case, Literature, SiteAlisha Sinha
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
I would like readers to benefit from my project and learn and research more about the infrastructure of Public Aquarium.
Though the project is still so much to design i have shared the most parts which i could complete till the end of my final jury.
Thank You
Enjoy Learning
Sarais were rest stops built along trade routes in the Mughal Empire. They provided shelter, food, and protection for merchants and travelers. Sarais were uniformly designed with small rooms in the outer walls, a central courtyard, a mosque, and a garrison for protection. They showcased the rich architectural style of the Mughal period, with features like arched entrances, vaulted ceilings, and ornate decorations. This particular Sarai located in Haridwar, India, dating back to 1903, still retains many of its original architectural elements and serves as a Dharamshala or rest house.
Port Dickson Site Inventory & Analysis Booklet chiwunloi
The document presents an analysis of the natural physical features of a site in Pantai Saujana, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan including its soil conditions, water features, slope and drainage patterns, groundcovers, and vegetation. Details on the site's climate, sunlight, wind, and shadow patterns are also provided. The analysis examines these characteristics at both the macro and micro site scale and identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
The Perdana Botanical Garden is located within the Tun Abdul Razak Heritage Park in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was originally created as a recreational park in 1889 but has since been rehabilitated and expanded to 226 acres, containing over 12 flora collections and features like a deer park. The goal is to provide a tropical rainforest ambiance in the middle of the bustling capital city. The document provides details on the garden's history, surrounding landmarks, entrances, internal and external circulation, as well as proposed site sections.
This document outlines an undergraduate thesis proposal for a Textile Museum in Qom, Iran. The proposal aims to design a museum that reflects traditional and contemporary Iranian textile art, generates spaces for interaction and recreation, and includes a commercial outlet selling textiles. The 3.6 acre site was formerly a textile factory located in the urban center of Qom. The museum aims to educate people about Qom's textile industry and culture while also generating revenue for the city. Research methods will include case studies, site visits, and data collection to develop a sustainable design that meets the commercial needs of Qom.
The document discusses the sustainable strategies used in the Cloud Forest at Gardens By The Bay in Singapore. It describes how passive design and energy efficient systems are used to cool and maintain the temperature in the massive glasshouse. Specifically, it details the use of double glazed glass, shading systems, displacement ventilation, radiant cooling in walkways, biomass boilers, and on-site power generation to minimize energy usage and create a carbon neutral environment for the plants.
Zewail City's new campus master plan includes 15 buildings and facilities laid out over 5 phases of construction. The plan shows the campus entrance, university entrance, and an aerial perspective view of the overall layout. Key features include a convention center, science and technology exposition, student affairs building, research institutes, sports facilities, student and faculty housing, and 5 institutes focusing on basic sciences, economics, nanosciences, and medical sciences.
Introduction and how it became conservation siteKC Wong
George Town in Penang, Malaysia was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 due to its unique architectural and cultural townscape reflecting the blending of Malay, Chinese, Indian and European influences. The document discusses the history and significance of George Town, as well as some of the challenges facing its preservation as a World Heritage Site, such as development pressures, non-compliance with conservation guidelines, and gentrification. Approaches used to overcome these challenges include adaptive reuse of historic buildings, restoration projects, and following conservation plans and guidelines to protect George Town's cultural heritage values.
This document summarizes and compares information about two community parks - The Central Park in Desa Park City, Kuala Lumpur, and Anthem Community Park in Anthem, Arizona.
The Central Park is a 13.19 acre park located within the 47 acre Desa Park City master planned community. It features jogging paths, a landscaped park, children's playground, picnic areas, and a picturesque lake. Residents use it for activities like jogging, cycling, dog walking, and picnicking.
The 63 acre Anthem Community Park serves the entire Anthem community. It has more extensive facilities like a fishing pond, sports fields, courts for volleyball and roller hockey, an
Beijing daxing international airport world's first airport with single terminalarchitecturesideas
Zaha Hadid Architects is known for its amazing architect design of buildings. Here is detailed information of Beijing Daxing International Airport by these architects. To know more visit http://bit.ly/2oRxxlY
The document provides information on the design considerations for an open air theatre, exhibition display, parking, and public plaza. It discusses factors to consider for the site selection of an open air theatre such as topography, meteorology, and acoustics. Design principles for outdoor theatrical spaces include minimizing external noise, developing functional elements within human scale, and controlling sound reflections. Parking lot design aims to maximize spaces while allowing safe traffic flow and pedestrian movement. Public plazas should encourage social interaction, provide amenities, and be well-linked to surrounding areas through passages and paths. Landscaping, seating, and activity generators are important to attract users.
This document provides details on a proposed commercial development project for an empty plot of land measuring 30m by 40m in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Specifically, the proposal is to develop the land into a food court called "The Eye Food Court". Key points:
- The site is well-located in an urban center near offices, residences and transportation but currently lacks commercial amenities.
- The proposed food court aims to be eco-friendly in its construction, operations and maintenance through the use of sustainable materials and design.
- It would feature a radial layout centered around water features and vendors to optimize circulation and minimize walking distances.
- The development would need to obtain various approvals and
Ebook "bamboo archtecture " tổng hợp những công trình sử dụng tre làm vật liệu cơ bản. Đây sẽ là những ví dụ tham khảo rất hay cho KTS và các bạn sinh viên. Quyển sách này rất rất bổ ích, hồi sinh viên mình tìm mãi mà không ra.
This document provides a project report for the proposed Ekspresireka Art Training Centre to be built at Taman Tasik Titiwangsa in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The project aims to bridge the gap between art skills/experiences and students in the area by providing exposure and educational programs in various art fields. It will serve as a venue for extracurricular activities, art exhibitions, and art residency programs. The site is currently vacant government land near educational institutes and art hubs like the Istana Budaya, but they are disconnected. The design will aim to complement the existing skyline and preserve views of landmarks while connecting programs and activating the area.
The Kimbell Art Museum features a unique vaulted concrete roof structural system that provides an impression of simplicity from the outside but hides layers of complexity. The roof acts as a series of arches that counteract outward thrust and are supported only by corner columns. Beams hang from the roof and act in tension through post-tensioning. Together, the roof, beams, and post-tensioning tendons form an integrated structural whole that eliminates the need for visible load-bearing walls.
Bujang Valley is a 224 km2 archaeological site located in Merbok, Kedah, Malaysia between Mount Jerai and the Muda River. It contains the sprawling remains of an ancient historical complex and was one of the richest archaeological sites in Malaysia, serving as an important trading centre from the 3rd to 15th centuries. The discovery of furnaces, iron smelting evidence, and artifacts show it was actively involved in international trade, particularly in iron and forest products, with China and India.
Este documento define las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs) como un conjunto de herramientas y canales para el tratamiento y acceso a la información. Explica que el comercio electrónico (e-commerce) y la banca en línea son ejemplos de aplicaciones de las TICs. También menciona algunos aspectos positivos y negativos de las TICs, y concluye que las TICs agilizan la vida diaria a través de redes sociales, dispositivos y páginas web, aunque también
Impact of fishing harbour on the living conditions of fishermen in muttom kan...IAEME Publication
- The document analyzes the impact of a fishing harbor on the living conditions of fishermen in Muttom, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India.
- It finds that the harbor has significantly reduced problems in fish sales for fishermen and improved their employment opportunities and incomes.
- Specifically, more fishermen now engage in full-time fishing compared to before the harbor, and higher percentages of fishermen earn monthly incomes of Rs. 10,001-20,000 and above Rs. 20,000 than before.
Cultural Theme Park - Studies - Case, Literature, SiteAlisha Sinha
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
I would like readers to benefit from my project and learn and research more about the infrastructure of Public Aquarium.
Though the project is still so much to design i have shared the most parts which i could complete till the end of my final jury.
Thank You
Enjoy Learning
Sarais were rest stops built along trade routes in the Mughal Empire. They provided shelter, food, and protection for merchants and travelers. Sarais were uniformly designed with small rooms in the outer walls, a central courtyard, a mosque, and a garrison for protection. They showcased the rich architectural style of the Mughal period, with features like arched entrances, vaulted ceilings, and ornate decorations. This particular Sarai located in Haridwar, India, dating back to 1903, still retains many of its original architectural elements and serves as a Dharamshala or rest house.
Port Dickson Site Inventory & Analysis Booklet chiwunloi
The document presents an analysis of the natural physical features of a site in Pantai Saujana, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan including its soil conditions, water features, slope and drainage patterns, groundcovers, and vegetation. Details on the site's climate, sunlight, wind, and shadow patterns are also provided. The analysis examines these characteristics at both the macro and micro site scale and identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
The Perdana Botanical Garden is located within the Tun Abdul Razak Heritage Park in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was originally created as a recreational park in 1889 but has since been rehabilitated and expanded to 226 acres, containing over 12 flora collections and features like a deer park. The goal is to provide a tropical rainforest ambiance in the middle of the bustling capital city. The document provides details on the garden's history, surrounding landmarks, entrances, internal and external circulation, as well as proposed site sections.
This document outlines an undergraduate thesis proposal for a Textile Museum in Qom, Iran. The proposal aims to design a museum that reflects traditional and contemporary Iranian textile art, generates spaces for interaction and recreation, and includes a commercial outlet selling textiles. The 3.6 acre site was formerly a textile factory located in the urban center of Qom. The museum aims to educate people about Qom's textile industry and culture while also generating revenue for the city. Research methods will include case studies, site visits, and data collection to develop a sustainable design that meets the commercial needs of Qom.
The document discusses the sustainable strategies used in the Cloud Forest at Gardens By The Bay in Singapore. It describes how passive design and energy efficient systems are used to cool and maintain the temperature in the massive glasshouse. Specifically, it details the use of double glazed glass, shading systems, displacement ventilation, radiant cooling in walkways, biomass boilers, and on-site power generation to minimize energy usage and create a carbon neutral environment for the plants.
Zewail City's new campus master plan includes 15 buildings and facilities laid out over 5 phases of construction. The plan shows the campus entrance, university entrance, and an aerial perspective view of the overall layout. Key features include a convention center, science and technology exposition, student affairs building, research institutes, sports facilities, student and faculty housing, and 5 institutes focusing on basic sciences, economics, nanosciences, and medical sciences.
Introduction and how it became conservation siteKC Wong
George Town in Penang, Malaysia was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 due to its unique architectural and cultural townscape reflecting the blending of Malay, Chinese, Indian and European influences. The document discusses the history and significance of George Town, as well as some of the challenges facing its preservation as a World Heritage Site, such as development pressures, non-compliance with conservation guidelines, and gentrification. Approaches used to overcome these challenges include adaptive reuse of historic buildings, restoration projects, and following conservation plans and guidelines to protect George Town's cultural heritage values.
This document summarizes and compares information about two community parks - The Central Park in Desa Park City, Kuala Lumpur, and Anthem Community Park in Anthem, Arizona.
The Central Park is a 13.19 acre park located within the 47 acre Desa Park City master planned community. It features jogging paths, a landscaped park, children's playground, picnic areas, and a picturesque lake. Residents use it for activities like jogging, cycling, dog walking, and picnicking.
The 63 acre Anthem Community Park serves the entire Anthem community. It has more extensive facilities like a fishing pond, sports fields, courts for volleyball and roller hockey, an
Beijing daxing international airport world's first airport with single terminalarchitecturesideas
Zaha Hadid Architects is known for its amazing architect design of buildings. Here is detailed information of Beijing Daxing International Airport by these architects. To know more visit http://bit.ly/2oRxxlY
The document provides information on the design considerations for an open air theatre, exhibition display, parking, and public plaza. It discusses factors to consider for the site selection of an open air theatre such as topography, meteorology, and acoustics. Design principles for outdoor theatrical spaces include minimizing external noise, developing functional elements within human scale, and controlling sound reflections. Parking lot design aims to maximize spaces while allowing safe traffic flow and pedestrian movement. Public plazas should encourage social interaction, provide amenities, and be well-linked to surrounding areas through passages and paths. Landscaping, seating, and activity generators are important to attract users.
This document provides details on a proposed commercial development project for an empty plot of land measuring 30m by 40m in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Specifically, the proposal is to develop the land into a food court called "The Eye Food Court". Key points:
- The site is well-located in an urban center near offices, residences and transportation but currently lacks commercial amenities.
- The proposed food court aims to be eco-friendly in its construction, operations and maintenance through the use of sustainable materials and design.
- It would feature a radial layout centered around water features and vendors to optimize circulation and minimize walking distances.
- The development would need to obtain various approvals and
Ebook "bamboo archtecture " tổng hợp những công trình sử dụng tre làm vật liệu cơ bản. Đây sẽ là những ví dụ tham khảo rất hay cho KTS và các bạn sinh viên. Quyển sách này rất rất bổ ích, hồi sinh viên mình tìm mãi mà không ra.
This document provides a project report for the proposed Ekspresireka Art Training Centre to be built at Taman Tasik Titiwangsa in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The project aims to bridge the gap between art skills/experiences and students in the area by providing exposure and educational programs in various art fields. It will serve as a venue for extracurricular activities, art exhibitions, and art residency programs. The site is currently vacant government land near educational institutes and art hubs like the Istana Budaya, but they are disconnected. The design will aim to complement the existing skyline and preserve views of landmarks while connecting programs and activating the area.
The Kimbell Art Museum features a unique vaulted concrete roof structural system that provides an impression of simplicity from the outside but hides layers of complexity. The roof acts as a series of arches that counteract outward thrust and are supported only by corner columns. Beams hang from the roof and act in tension through post-tensioning. Together, the roof, beams, and post-tensioning tendons form an integrated structural whole that eliminates the need for visible load-bearing walls.
Bujang Valley is a 224 km2 archaeological site located in Merbok, Kedah, Malaysia between Mount Jerai and the Muda River. It contains the sprawling remains of an ancient historical complex and was one of the richest archaeological sites in Malaysia, serving as an important trading centre from the 3rd to 15th centuries. The discovery of furnaces, iron smelting evidence, and artifacts show it was actively involved in international trade, particularly in iron and forest products, with China and India.
Este documento define las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICs) como un conjunto de herramientas y canales para el tratamiento y acceso a la información. Explica que el comercio electrónico (e-commerce) y la banca en línea son ejemplos de aplicaciones de las TICs. También menciona algunos aspectos positivos y negativos de las TICs, y concluye que las TICs agilizan la vida diaria a través de redes sociales, dispositivos y páginas web, aunque también
This document appears to contain contact information for a real estate agent, including a phone number that begins with "P480.665.0200" and a fax number that begins with "F800.454.7917". It also includes the term "REALTOR®" which is a registered trademark used by real estate professionals.
Este documento presenta el Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo de la empresa PROENSALUD. Describe las generalidades de la empresa incluyendo su identificación, actividad económica, número y ubicación de sedes, horarios de trabajo, número de trabajadores y principales materiales y equipos utilizados. Además, presenta las definiciones clave relacionadas con la seguridad y salud ocupacional y describe la organización del sistema incluyendo objetivos, responsables, política y subprogramas a desarrollar como medicina prevent
This document contains summaries of 4 different animals: the Flemish Giant Rabbit, the Blue Tongue Lizard, the Red-eared Slider, and the African Pygmy Hedgehog. Each animal summary includes 5 facts about that species, such as that Flemish Giant Rabbits can weigh up to 15 kilos, Blue Tongue Lizards live in Australia and have a blue tongue, Red-eared Sliders can swim well underwater and communicate through touch/vibrations, and African Pygmy Hedgehogs originate from parts of Africa and can live up to 10 years as pets. The document was written by a 4th grade student for a school project on animals.
Este documento describe varias tecnologías para el desarrollo de aplicaciones web como AJAX, JavaScript, JSP, servlets y JSF. Explica que AJAX permite actualizar partes de una página web sin recargar la página completa mediante comunicación asíncrona con el servidor. JSP y servlets permiten crear páginas web dinámicas usando Java como lenguaje de programación. JSF es un framework MVC que provee componentes para crear interfaces gráficas usando objetos Java como modelo y métodos como controladores.
30 romantic valentine’s day gift ideas for both him and herAugrav
This document provides 30 gift ideas for Valentine's Day for both men and women. It begins by introducing Valentine's Day and noting that people look for the perfect gifts. For women, it suggests romantic gifts like a "Reasons I Love You" mug, teddy bear, bouquet of roses, or personalized jewelry. For men, it dispels the myth that men don't like gifts, suggesting they would appreciate useful gifts like a wallet, beer mugs, or watch. The document concludes by providing lists of 15 gift ideas for women and 15 for men across a range of price points.
1. The document discusses molybdenum (Mo) deficiencies that may be present in soils in Kansas and Colorado based on the author's soil sampling and literature research. Mo is an essential micronutrient for nitrogen fixation in legumes like alfalfa.
2. The author provides a table summarizing typical and deficient Mo levels seen in soils and forage crops. Many of the author's soil samples showed very low Mo levels that could be limiting for crop growth.
3. Foliar applications of molybdenum may help address potential deficiencies, though excess Mo can be toxic, especially in interactions with copper in ruminant animals. The author advocates further monitoring soil and plant Mo levels
Neil Bardon's fashion brand Saint Rita Parlor will debut its collection at the Liberty Fairs Concept Space in LA from January 10th to February 1st. The showcase will feature Saint Rita Parlor's debut eyewear collection, 2015 menswear line Funeral of Ghosts, and leather accessories. As the founder and creative director of Saint Rita Parlor, Bardon designs high-quality, limited edition products that blend traditional craftsmanship with modern aesthetics. His goal is to create an iconic brand defined by authenticity and a philosophy of honoring the past while incorporating its beauty into contemporary designs.
N Zone Jr. is a youth sports program for children ages 3-8 run by N Zone Sports of America. The program aims to introduce children to sports in a fun, educational environment through organized sessions at local elementary schools led by trained instructors. Sessions last 45-60 minutes and focus on specific skills, teamwork, and values while incorporating activities, games, and awards. The goals are to develop children's motor skills, self-esteem, and love of healthy exercise and sports.
Este documento describe los elementos clave para desarrollar un proyecto de investigación científica, incluyendo la estructura, el tema, el título, la pregunta de investigación, los objetivos, la justificación y las referencias bibliográficas. Explica que una buena pregunta de investigación debe ser factible, interesante, novedosa, ética y relevante. También cubre los criterios para plantear adecuadamente un problema de investigación, como expresar una relación entre variables y poder probarse empíricamente.
Joshua Gaeta completed an online non-credit course on Terrorism and Counterterrorism through Coursera authorized by Universiteit Leiden. The course compared the theory and practice of terrorism and counterterrorism and was directed by Professor Dr. Edwin Bakker of Universiteit Leiden's Centre for Terrorism & Counterterrorism. Coursera verified Joshua Gaeta's identity and participation in the course, issuing a certificate dated March 24, 2016.
Traceability in the seafood industry allows products to be tracked from origin to consumer. There is growing demand for traceability due to concerns about food safety, sustainability, and illegal fishing. Implementing comprehensive traceability in seafood is challenging due to complex global supply chains and lack of standard practices. Emerging technologies have the potential to improve traceability and bring business benefits such as more efficient operations and product differentiation.
Traceability in the seafood industry is growing in importance due to regulatory changes and consumer demand for food safety and production information. Implementing comprehensive traceability across complex global seafood supply chains is challenging but offers significant benefits. New technologies are emerging that can help businesses in the seafood industry improve traceability, reduce costs, and differentiate their products. The market for seafood traceability technologies is sizable and growing.
The Nexus Blue Strategy is a $34 million public-private partnership investment in the Philippines that aims to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and improve fisheries management. The investment would fund infrastructure upgrades and technology solutions at the General Santos Fish Port, the largest tuna port in the Philippines, and implement a Fishery Information Management System. This includes vessel monitoring, electronic catch reporting, port-based data management, and solar power. The investment is structured as a 30-year concession and aims to generate transparency across supply chains, support compliance with EU regulations, and help nearshore fishers impacted by IUU fishing. The strategy targets a 15.0% blended investor return over 33 years.
The fishery performance indicators for global tuna fisheriesChristina Parmionova
Even when measures are approved, compliance is imperfect because fishing nations are individually responsible for implementation within each distinct regional jurisdiction, but enforcement often relies on voluntary compliance11 or coastal states to prevail upon their patron fishing nations to impose sanctions against their own fleets, who heavily rely on the very same resource rent to support their national economies.
This document provides information about an upcoming conference on sustainable seafood sourcing. The two-day conference will be held in London and feature presentations from experts in the seafood industry on key topics:
- How leading retailers and brands are responding to demands for transparency and traceability in their seafood supply chains.
- Case studies from major seafood suppliers on engaging with customers and suppliers to ensure sustainable practices.
- A critical examination of various seafood certification schemes, and their benefits as well as limitations.
- The potential for aquaculture to meet the growing demand for seafood in a sustainable way, and the challenges it faces.
The conference aims to facilitate focused discussion between industry professionals on
This document summarizes a study on competitive strategies among small-scale fishers and traders in Kenya's marine fisheries and their implications on market performance. The study used the Structure-Conduct-Performance framework to analyze the parrotfish and lobster fisheries, which represent fisheries linked to local/national and global markets respectively. Data was collected through surveys at five coastal sites from July 2015-July 2016. Results showed that economic welfare outcomes for actors differed between fisheries and seasons due to varying levels of competition, income inequality, and barriers to entry like limited value addition. High demand during some seasons could negatively impact resource sustainability and livelihoods if not properly managed.
Fish Oil Market PPT: Growth, Outlook, Demand, Keyplayer Analysis and Opportun...IMARC Group
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More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/fish-oil-market
The 1st International Conference on Low Impact, Artisanal and Small Scale Fishing established conclusions in the Conil Declaration. The Declaration determined that the directives from the previous Conil Declaration should be publicly recorded and monitored to ensure proposed objectives are achieved within 3 years. Regarding management, the Declaration recognized artisanal fishing as traditional and important for local economies and sustainability. It also determined that joint management with local communities and diversification of the sector can help minimize threats. The Declaration also addressed release to market, heritage, and cooperation, recognizing the value of artisanal fishing and need for support, training, and cooperation across these areas.
Paul Williams (Seafish) – Seafish, Shellfish & the Future (2009)Shellfish Association
Seafish is consulting with key industry players and regulators on refining its strategic focus over the next three years. The consultation will focus on seven key themes: information, safety, environment, regulation, standards, consumers, and health. For the shellfish industry specifically, Seafish aims to provide market data and industry information, promote safety standards, help the industry influence emerging environmental and regulatory policies, keep it informed of international production standards, protect the industry's reputation with consumers, and educate consumers and health professionals on the health benefits of shellfish consumption.
This document provides a summary of the 2012 report on the state of world fisheries and aquaculture published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It discusses global trends in fisheries and aquaculture production, trade, consumption and governance. Key findings include that world capture fisheries production has remained stable in recent years while aquaculture production continues to grow rapidly. It also notes challenges such as overfishing and the need for improved fisheries management and governance to promote sustainable development of the sector.
The state of world fisheries and aquaculturemarcleorg
This document is the 2012 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture report published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It provides an overview of the global state of fisheries and aquaculture, including production from capture fisheries and aquaculture, the number of fishers and fish farmers, the status of fishery resources and fleets, fish trade and consumption, and governance and policy issues. The report is divided into three parts: the first part provides a global review and status update on fisheries and aquaculture; the second part examines selected issues in more depth; and the third part presents highlights from special studies on topics like fisheries management policies and food safety.
Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA)Karl Obispo
The document outlines the goals, principles, and objectives of the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 in the Philippines. Some key points:
- The act aims to modernize agriculture and fisheries to improve incomes, ensure food security, reduce poverty, and enhance competitiveness.
- It identifies 5 major concerns: food security, poverty alleviation, income enhancement, global competitiveness, and sustainability.
- Principles of the act include poverty alleviation, food security, rational resource use, global competitiveness, sustainable development, and protecting small farmers.
- Objectives include transforming sectors to be technology-based, enhancing profits and incomes, ensuring food access, and pursuing market-driven and value
This document summarizes strategies for financing more sustainable fisheries. It acknowledges partners in the research and thanks contributors. It identifies three potential impact investment vehicles: 1) a microfinance/SME route-to-market vehicle; 2) a public-private partnership vehicle utilizing new technologies; and 3) a fisheries impact vehicle structuring long-term purchasing commitments. These strategies could help transition fisheries by financing improvements and supporting local communities while generating a return for investors.
Sustainable Fisheries Financing Strategies: Save the Oceans Feed the World Pr...The Rockefeller Foundation
Traditional strategies supporting ocean conservation and protection of fisheries have most often involved political advocacy, community engagement, and media campaigns that target protection of charismatic species and threatened habitats. In recent years, actors seeking to protect ocean environments have increasingly turned to market-based policies and incentives to better align commercial and conservation objectives. These strategies have included certification schemes, the emergence of eco-brands, small investment funds, and consumer-marketing efforts that generate greater demand for sustainably sourced seafood. Market principles also shape the use of rights-based fisheries management, or “catch share” systems, which attempt to integrate property rights into fishing access as a way to incentivize better long-term resource stewardship.
A Regional Seafood Platform in support of more ”responsible” seafood productionfishersforum
1. The document discusses the need for a regional seafood platform to support more responsible seafood production in developing countries in Asia-Pacific.
2. It proposes a platform that can leverage trade within and between countries to drive fisheries improvement and addresses both production and sourcing of sustainable seafood.
3. The platform would engage directly with supply chain actors through fishery improvement projects and continuous improvement programs, and support initiatives like capacity building, advocacy, and communications.
This document summarizes the key policy perspectives that emerged from discussions at the African Livestock Conference (ALiCE 2013) in Nairobi, Kenya. The perspectives covered increasing investment and reforms in the livestock sector in Africa to take advantage of growing global demand, developing standards and regulations for animal health and genetics that benefit producers and consumers, creating policies and partnerships to help smallholders access high-value markets, and establishing frameworks and institutions to support specific livestock industries and address issues like genetic diversity, diseases, and aflatoxin management. The document calls for policies that strengthen research, extension services, and pan-African cooperation to develop the livestock sector in a sustainable and competitive way.
The document discusses the technical guidelines of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). It provides an overview of 12 technical guidelines that provide more specific technical details and guidance on the articles of the CCRF. The technical guidelines cover topics like fishing operations, the precautionary approach, integrating fisheries into coastal management, and responsible fish utilization. They are intended to assist fisheries professionals in applying the principles of responsible and sustainable fisheries.
ANALYSIS OF CHANNELS AND MARKETING EFFICIENCY OF LOCAL FISHERIES IN MERAUKEIAEME Publication
Marine fisheries is one of the dominant agricultural sub-sectors in Malind
District, Merauke Regency. An activity related to fisheries has parties who play a role
in both the production process and its distribution. In an effort to increase income at
the level of local fishermen in the Malind District of Merauke Regency, a study of
channel analysis and marketing efficiency for the catch of local fishermen is needed.
The objectives to be achieved from this research are Analyzing channels and the
efficiency of marketing the catch of marine products of local fishermen in Malind
District, Merauke Regency. The method used in this study is Survey. The marketing
output data for local nelyan sea catches in the Malind District of Merauke Regency in
this study are very descriptive by using the Participatoriy Rut Appraisal (PRA) method
with the Snow Ball sampling approach in which local fishermen are the starting point.
The sample in this study were 30 fishermen, 3 collectors, 3 wholesalers, 3 retailers
through the snowball sampling technique. Data were analyzed descriptively against
distribution patterns and margins of capture fish marketing. The results of the study
are in the Malind District there are three distribution patterns, namely first; fishermen
to collectors to wholesalers to retailers to consumers; second, the fishermen to the
traders to the retailers to consumers; third, fishermen to large traders to retailers to
consumers. The lowest marketing margin occurs in channel III, which is Rp.3,120 and
Farmer value 'highest share of 88.90%, effective marketing channel efficiency occurs
on channel III with farmer value "highest share compared to marketing channels I and
II.
Similar to Planning and implementing a fish auction market (20)
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1. Sharing few Guidelines and lessons learned from a feasibility study for the operationalisation of
defunct Electronic Fish Auction Market (FAM) project in Mauritius
By S. Sweenarain (1)
Summary
This article is a synthesis of a feasibility study for the operationalisation of a misconceived/defunct fish auction
market infrastructure in Mauritius. The guiding principle of this work has been to reaffirm the “value for money“
of the investments and to mainstream the Fish Auction Market into national seafood hub and the regional
landscape of fish trade. Far from being a “one size fits all” solution, the guidelines and lessons learned from this
assignment can be useful in promoting appropriate market architecture in the fisheries sector as a promising
pathway for market driven sustainable fisheries management in developing coastal and island economies.
Market imperfections are contributing significantly to the over-exploitation of fish resources and the degradation
of marine habitats in developing countries while information asymmetry is the root cause that exacerbates the
lack of fairness, transparency in fisheries governance and inequitable distribution of accrued benefits through the
supply chains of fish and fish products. Therefore, market and value chain development can potentially enhance
resource productivity and ecological integrity through informed conservation, sustainable uses and equitable
sharing of benefits by a reduction in seafood waste. This can be a multiple dividends initiative indeed as it helps
improve the livelihoods and well-being of the fisher communities, while contributing to the sustainable
development goals (SDG) through inter-alias, food security, eradication of poverty and more resilience to effects of
global warming and biodiversity loss.
Declining prices and accessibility Information –Technology –Communication (ITC) aided innovations in Fish
Auction Market (FAM) can improve tremendously the performance of physical and virtual market places by
connecting primary producers to a large number of potential buyers, while making market information available
at quasi real time. This can be, if well planned, a charismatic mechanism to improve market efficiency and
effectiveness in progressing informed management of the natural capital and ecosystem services. Fish Auction
Markets can be used as a transmission belt to convey, both upstream and downstream private market driven and
government regulatory measures across the seafood business. This includes environmental and social norms,
product specifications, quality standards, traceability procedures and best practices in accordance to the local-
global dynamics of the fisheries.
The most subtle and yet, prominent role of FAM lies in its capabilities for accessing real time data - as opposed to
historical statistics - which is much needed for effective monitoring and control of fishing activities in the process
of sustainable fisheries management. It can boost achieving transparency and economic efficiency by providing
trading platform Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ) and a strong tool to combat Illegal, Unreported and
Unregulated (IUU) fishing. Beside the negative impact of toxic subsidies and in the fishing industry, market prices
of seafood distort their actual social and ecological cost because of the unaccountability of the carbon footprint
incurred during harvesting, processing, marketing and especially, international trade. The FAM can be a centre
point for creating awareness on the carbon footprint of seafood supply chains and to consider introduction of
differentiated carbon tax regimes.
All said, the successful operationalisation of a market infrastructure will depend on the political will and the
effectiveness in mobilizing a multi-stakeholder partnership (MSP) among relevant Institutional, Social, Research,
and Business stakeholders of the domestic and international supply chain ecosystems in the fisheries sector.
1
Fisheries Economist and Fish Market Professional
This study was sponsored by the IOC – EU/FAO SMARTFISH Programme and the study report can be found at:
http://commissionoceanindien.org/fileadmin/projets/smartfish/Rapport/OPERATIONALIZATION_OF_FISH_AUCTION_MARKET_FEASIBILITY_STUDY.pdf
2. Planning for an Electronic Fish Auction Market
Page 2 of 8
1.0 The need for a Fish Auction Market (FAM)?
The global landscape seafood markets and trade is diverse and dynamic. Demand for seafood is increasing
steadily but at the same time, there is a widespread concern about the sustainability of the current
exploitation patterns to prevent over-exploitation of fish stocks. Such fast changing and unpredictable
environment has a direct impact on the commercial dynamics of the fish industry and it is difficult to
prescribe the right commercial model to guarantee future profitability of the industry.
With regard to the introduction of an electronic auction market in the seafood sector, nobody - whether
someone with extensive experience in the use of such technology or a new user – can make reliable
prediction about its outcome. What will eventually give a comparative advantage to this sector is the
capacity/business acumen of the enterprises to identify and respond to opportunities and threats. Also, it
depends on the associative capabilities of businesses can come together in a group for the benefits of all
group members. In the seafood sector, all stakeholders in spite of their individual rivalries need have to
come together to promote a common brand and broader commercial interest to enhance the
competitiveness of the industry over its competitors worldwide. Knowing when to work collectively and
when to work alone will be a crucial skill to do business in the present global environment. If enterprises
constituting the cluster of the seafood industry are poorly managed, have poor understanding of the
market mechanisms in which they operate and are unable to identify underlying opportunities and
threats then introduction of advanced technology such as the FAM is likely to weaken rather than
strengthening their competitive position. Therefore the first thing to do is to ‘assess the future’ of the
industry.
The following changes are affecting and influencing the seafood sector of Mauritius and the rest of the
world as well:
Market pressure to increase commercial harvest of marine fish
Market pressure to increase commercial harvest through improved marine aquaculture
technologies.
Commercial and regulatory pressure to reduce waste in the production (by-catch, discarded catch
and miscellaneous fish) and distribution chains (such as spoilage and poor quality).
Greater participation of fisher communities in fishery policies and management.
Fishing rights are specifically allocated to individuals, individual vessels, individual fleets and to
fisher communities on the basis of historical/customary rights and the commercial trade in such
rights might be regular payment of access fees.
Increase in access right will lead to a shift from ‘hunting of fish’ toward a more planned mode of
exploitation.
Shift from fishing for ‘Volume’ to fishing for ‘quality’
Higher price penalty on poorer quality of fish brought about by a combination of consumers’
preference, control of upstream cost and stiff international competition.
Knowing where and how the fish has been caught, handled and processed will be an increasingly
important component of quality of the fish as it passes along the supply chain (traceability).
Streamlining and reduction of excessive cost due to inefficiencies on account of increasing
exposure to international competition.
3. Planning for an Electronic Fish Auction Market
Page 3 of 8
Maintaining low operation cost by creation and use of flow of information within the industry and
taking full advantage of all what information and communication technology (ICT) have to offer.
The power of the industry will shift from upstream traders, processors, distributors to those that
have secured access to the resources, the primary producers.
Responsible and sustainable practice in respect of resource exploitation.
Greater and more balance recognition on the market of the positive features of each scale and type
of fishery – industrial, small scale / artisanal, inshore, offshore , mobile or static gears…
Appropriate use of modern information and communication technology systems to alleviate many
of the scale and geographical penalties typically in remote / peripheral fisheries and fishing
communities, allowing them to compete more effectively on main stream and niche markets.
Any one of the above determinants will have an effect on any enterprise in the fishing sector and
obviously, some major decisions have to be taken promptly to secure its comparative advantage in the
industry. Every response to any of those directions will impact on how the primary sale of fish is
organized and how to engage into an electronic fish auction market. This response will also address the
changes that need to be brought in the mindset of the stakeholders and in respect of industry practice.
2.0 Planning for an FAM
The fisheries sector may be somewhat confused as to who is deciding about the introduction of an
electronic fish auction market in the industry. It is also understandable that some stakeholders might feel
alienated and threatened by the arrival of this new system. From an industry perspective, three key
questions need to be answered when considering the auction system to serve the interest of the industry.
Do the industry and its constituent firms know their respective position in the market – who are
their existing and potential customers and who are their competitors?
Does the fishing sector as a whole have a strategy for improving/maintaining safety and quality of
the fish it handles –the way that the fish is preserved, sorted, graded, weighed and described?
Does the fishing sector have a strategy to reducing cost and existing inefficiencies within the
supply chain?
If the answer to any one of the above questions is negative the decision making body in the industry needs
to acknowledge that it is not in an informed position to decide on the introduction of an electronic fish
auction market.
The following check-list can be helpful in gathering information on the status of the fishing sector, and on
the initiatives to take advantage of market opportunities and also, to protect it against real or potential
threats.
Fisheries Master Plan - prepare a detailed fishing sector development strategy with both local and
national and regional perspective;
Market Survey - look upstream the supply chain to obtain information on customer requirements;
Participatory Approach - encourage stakeholder participation in decision making and in working
group such as strategy development and technical considerations;
4. Planning for an Electronic Fish Auction Market
Page 4 of 8
Flexibility & Adaptability - maintain flexibility in facilities development and management, including
selling systems to take advantage of market opportunities;
Strategic Alliances - identify the opportunities in establishing strategic alliances with fishing sector at
regional and international levels;
Financing - as a matter of priority explore the possibilities for financing the development cost of any
strategy or strategy component;
Value Addition - explore the options available for the sorting, grading, weighing of fish prior to
primary sale;
Safety and Quality Standards - develop rigorous codes of practice (COP) for market operation with
emphasis on food safety and quality improvement;
Enforcement / Voluntary Compliance - strictly implement these codes of practice;
Market Information - install or improve existing market information and quality systems;
Post Harvest Handling - encourage a coordinated response to deal with restructuring of post harvest
activities;
Capacity Building - encourage a co-ordinated response to training and re-skilling to exploit new
business opportunities in sector support services.
The idea that all harvested catch will be sold through the electronic fish auction market is unrealistic.
Sometimes, fisheries administrators may require that specific fish landings be sold through auction, as
much for the purposes of monitoring or for achieving the best prices (e.g. discharge of by-catch and
miscellaneous fish by licensed and visiting foreign long line vessels and carriers at Port Louis harbour).
Even where auction is considered as a common practice, fish are sold through a variety of methods such
as direct sale and negotiated contracts. Vertically integrated enterprises do not need to go through
primary sale to transfer the catch to their processing unit and/or distribution network. In the future,
however, maintaining a flexible approach to selling systems is likely to prove most productive and
electronic fish auction system could be one of them. There is a variety of first hand sale methods employed
within the fishing sector namely:
Sale by fixed price – by price list or by previously negotiated contract;
Internal transfer of production within a vertically integrated – catching – processing – distribution;
Sale by direct negotiation – either face to face, by phone, fax and/or email;
Sale by shout auction (there exists a range of bidding systems);
Sale by electronic auction (stand alone, linked or hub);
E-commerce (catalogue sale, competitive bidding) ;
Forward sales and futures in fish trade.
In most of the fishing sectors, a number of such sale methods are employed side by side and at times
competing with each other.
Introduction of an electronic fish auction system will not resolve specific problems in the fishing sector
but will certainly introduce the advantages of good trade practice. Without addressing the issues of good
trade practice in the fishing sector the cost of distribution and marketing is likely to increase due to
inefficiencies in the supply chain and wastage of resources.
5. Planning for an Electronic Fish Auction Market
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3.0 Choosing an appropriate system
In examining what type of electronic auction might suit a particular environment, a number of options at
various scales are available:
Physical display & Bidding - Simple shout auction practices taking place adjacent to each lot of fish
with all bidders present on the market (it exists locally in primary sale of vegetables and agricultural
produce);
Remote display and Physical Bidding - Slight modification of the above system by moving the bidding
process to a separate bidding area, where bidding is undertaken on the basis of a catalogue of lots
(including basic standard descriptions of the product offered for sale) and prior inspection of the lots
in a display area (information can be displayed on a single display screen or on individual computer
screens where additional information can be called up);
Remote Display and Bidding - Further development of this system to allow remote bidders to
compete for lots, where remote bids are made on the basis of detailed lot specification, rather than
direct inspection of the lot, and where various procedures are in place to ensure that the lot
description accurately reflects the quality of the product delivered to the buyer;
E-commerce & inter-linkage of auction markets - Extension of this system to allow bidding on a
number of markets (each market is administered separately, but is linked to other markets through a
common network, or port markets join together in a more explicitly hub-system, where product is
sold more or less as if it were on a single market).
Fish Exchange & Futures - It is also possible to integrate such systems with a variety of forms of
information provision (catch and landing trends, previous bidding records, performance on this and
other markets), other sales systems (notably Internet mediated systems that allow for the advance
sale of catches), and other forms of service (logistics) provision (such as transport, insurance,
packing, part-processing, inspection and quality control).
In each of the above systems it is possible to link the bidding process to various forms of automation, from
automated billing and credit management, to consolidation of information on sales volume and prices, and
the management of fishing quotas.
Some fairly simple rules will govern which sort of development is most appropriate to a given
environment, notwithstanding the fact that the system can be upgraded in a evolving or progressive way.
4.0 Implementation Strategy
Gain broad consensus from fishing sector that a strategy should be developed and establish a
consultation mechanism by which inputs from all stakeholders can be accommodated and differences
resolved.
Identify which market and market segments the auction system is best able to service and where it
might expect to develop comparative advantage for suppliers to those markets.
Decide how to deal with issues regarding safety and quality, product specification and traceability.
Determine how to meet buyers’ needs and thus what production is likely to play a major role in future
operations of the auction market.
Determine the critical size and location of the fish auction facility.
Identify the requirements for trader, merchant and processor facilities within the area of the fish
auction market.
6. Planning for an Electronic Fish Auction Market
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Assess the physical constraints of the fish auction market and determine how to deal with these
constraints.
Assess the impact of tighter specification of products on sale systems employed.
Identify whether remodelling/relocation of fish port infrastructure is required.
Where relocation or modelling is required, whether it is economically justifiable and where the
necessary financing can be raised.
Evaluate after all whether this strategy is likely to ensure comparative advantage in regional and
international context.
5.0 Operationalization options
A fish auction is traditionally a public utility infrastructure. It is a major component of any fishing port
facility while its activities are diffused at all levels of the supply chain. Its economic viability may not be
assessed adequately in term of profitability or return on investment because the diffused socio-economic
benefits to the fishermen and fishing community at large are tremendous.
A fish auction is a producer platform to obtain a fair price for their production. It has to be located at the
fish dock and associated with a variety of back-up services provided to fishermen and boat owners.
Basically there are two main concepts for ownership and operationalization of fish auctions. Firstly a
public body owns, operates and manages the entire operation. Secondly a public body owns and maintains
the facilities while a producer organisation manages the operations such as selling of fish and associated
services.
Changes taking place in the fishing sector have serious impact on the operationalization of fish auctions.
The main concern has been to balance the books and it has become increasing difficult to maintain
revenue stream to cover costs of oversized /over capitalized fisheries facilities.
Usually in mixed ports (merchant shipping and fishing fleet using the same port facilities), priorities are
given to merchant vessels. Sea-port efficiencies are assessed in terms profitability and Return on
Investments. Much of port property is leased off for business development, food processing and industrial
uses. The fishing industry is marginalized in a mixed port and is considered as a nuisance. Therefore it is
imperative to develop a dedicated fishing port to promote the fishing industry and the seafood hub as a
major cluster of the national economy.
It can be concluded that a fish auction market has to be located at the fish dock to serve as an effective
market platform. The chances for its success in a mixed port are high compromised. In the 1980s
provision for a fish auction market was made at the fish dock of Fanfaron but was never implemented. The
ownership and operationalization options for an electronic fish auction market are summarized below:
Given the evolution of fish auction, remote bidding, and the establishment of auction networks and
strategic alliances, it is becoming more appropriate to put auction ownership and operation in private
hands. One such way is to license such operation to a company, where the exact ownership of the
company is immaterial to the issuing of the licence.
The other way is to issue the license to a company formed specifically for the task, co-owned by
representatives of most parts of the fishing industry. This structure may prove to be more beneficial,
particularly in the early stages of operation because the industry may be somewhat reticent in
adopting such a new sales system, but is reassured by the cross-industry ownership of the operating
company. Where such cross-industry ownership is established, it is crucial that an operational
distinction is drawn between the role of the Board in establishing operational guidelines, and the role
of independent management in implementing day to day decisions.
A Public-Private Partnership may be an appropriate alternative to own and manage an electronic fish
auction. This concept has to be reviewed in light of the specific launching situation and the medium,
7. Planning for an Electronic Fish Auction Market
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long-term objectives of the auction system. There should a right balance between the business and
social objectives while planning for the operationalization of the facility.
A major impediment in the evaluation of the operational management structure of the fish auction is the
absence of a pre-feasibility study and business plan. The project carries some major weaknesses that
could have been eliminated at the conceptual stage to ensure its commercial viability.
6.0 Sensitive factors associated with the FAM.
Some aversions associated with the introduction of electronic fish auction market systems are:
Agents of change / Innovation: The role of the promoters who have set the ball rolling must have the
conviction to follow ideas through;
Resistance to innovation: The fishing sector is naturally resistant to changes/ innovations but
primarily because it alters the balance of interest in the sector;
Comfort factors: Removing such resistance may induce the promoter to include comfort factors that
may be contrary to the rationale underlying such innovations and may eventually undermine the
goals and performances of the new system;
Technology is not a limiting factor: Defining the most appropriate system for a particular set of
situations may be a limiting factor;
Adherence: Co-operation of all stakeholders in such a project is difficult to achieve, but essential for
its success;
Comparative advantage: The sector participates in such development primarily on the basis that it
will enhance efficiencies and comparative advantage over others – competitors or more distant
targets;
Local opposition: Participation in systems that share the advantages with too many people, more
particularly, local people, may meet with strong opposition;
Individuality: Power and the control of information appear to be at the root of people’s interest in,
and fear of, such marketing technologies.
7.0 Resistance to change / innovation
Slow beginnings: At start the biggest hurdle is to convince suppliers and buyers of the benefits of a
fish auction system. In some instances, despite in-depth consultation, detailed planning, system
demonstrations and the like, the initiative came to nothing. In others, the market system have been
easily accepted and upgraded regularly.
Recognition of benefits: The fish auction market is installed to enhance the commercial status of
fishing sector, its fleet, its traders and its processors, and to give them with comparative advantage
over their competitors. Only when these benefits are realized by the majority of fishermen and
merchants that the auction is recognized as a step forward.
Close structure of fishery communities: The fishing industry is particularly complex and is strongly,
albeit informally structured. The hunting and personal danger dimensions of fishing have tended to
set fishermen and their families apart from the rest of society, and have encouraged the development
of tight and self-reliant communities. These communities have their own ways of doing things, are
deeply suspicious of outside influences, and are strongly resistant to changes. They do not share
information easily. It is not just a matter of convincing fishermen and buyers of the benefits of such
fish sale systems, but in convincing them that their trading model is no longer viable.
Resistance to "widening the circle": The strength of these traditional structures and practices should
not be under-estimated. Sometimes there is continuing pressure from the local community to
maintain some form of trade protection in favour of local operators.
Financial benefits difficult to prove: It is not easy to prove that fish auction systems have benefited
fishery businesses. There is logic to the efficiency gains that the use of such technology can offer. It
remains very difficult to quantitatively prove that such systems offer commercial benefits. Fish
8. Planning for an Electronic Fish Auction Market
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trading takes place within a highly competitive and dynamic market place, and no trader, whether
dealing in fish, vegetables, cars, or furniture, wishes to disclose the details of his or her trading
strategies.
Fear of job losses: There may be a belief that the introduction of an electronic fish auction market
will automatically lead to job losses. In general this has lead to the redefinition of some jobs.
Improvements in prices achieved at market: The argument that would convince most fishermen of
the benefits of electronic auctions would be the fact that their introduction leads to the payment of
higher prices for their fish. This is difficult to evidence. Also, that if electronic auctions lead to more
buyers bidding for fish, the price paid for that fish is more likely to be a fair reflection of the "market"
price for that fish, under the market conditions obtained at that particular time. Thus fish auction is
more credible and transparent sale mechanism. Coupled with improved on-board handling, and
better sorting, grading, weighing and product description, a more transparent first hand sales
mechanism is likely to reward the effort put into the production of such high quality product.
8.0 Conclusion
In the words of Charles Darwin ‘It is neither the strongest species that survive, nor the most intelligent,
but the ones most responsive to change’. There are very few situations where the introduction of
electronic auctioning in fish trade is a wise commercial decision. However binding electronic auction
market system into an overall development strategy can form a highly effective business tool. The fish
auction market must be only an array of first hand sales mechanism and must be prepared to alter selling
strategies as a response to changing market conditions and to offer comparative advantage over its
competitors.