3. Steps in career planning:
Self-awareness – exploring and structuring information about
oneself, in order to develop the self concept;
Educational and occupational exploration – collecting
information about educational and occupational opportunities;
Career decision – selecting an option among different
possibilities;
Personal promotion – implies the systematization and
presentation of the information concerning abilities, interests,
educational and professional experiences in order to achieve
different career goals.

4. Self-awareness represents a fundamental component within the
career planning process, the first step in this process.
Interests
Values Skills/Abilities
Personality

5.  Definition: Interests represent a person’s crystallized
preferences for certain areas of knowledge or activity.
 Interests development (due to genetic factors and
learning opportunities):
-parents’ or educators’ rewarding for the activities
performed by the student determines a preference for
that activity;
-the student’s easiness in performing an activity leads to
choosing that activity to the prejudice of an activity that
requires effort;
-the familiarity with certain materials and instruments determines a
preference for their utilization.

6.  Types of interests (Holland, 1979)
The preference for objects
Realistic
The preference for
Investigational
information/data
The preference
for ideas
Conventional Artistic
Entrepreneurship Social
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7.  Realistic Interests: are shaped by a tendency to aim
at activities that involve objects’, machines’ and tools’
manipulation (e.g. operator, civil engineer);
 Investigative Interests: suppose an interests in
research, in different types of investigation and in
various domains - social, biological, cultural etc. (e.g.
chemist, mathematician);
 Artistic Interests: are characterized by an interest in
less structured activities, that suppose a creative
solution and offer the opportunity for personal
manifestation - poetry, painting, music, design (e.g. poet,
sculptor).

8.  Social Interests: involve activities that require
interpersonal relations (e.g. teacher, counselor);
 Entrepreneurship Interests: reflect the preference for
activities related to initiative and opportunity to coordinate
their own activities or group activities (e.g. sales agent,
manager);
 Conventional Interests: imply the preference for
activities that require systematic and orderly handling of
data or objects in a well organized and defined space (e.g.
librarian, clerk).

9.  Definition: The values are an individual’s fundamental
beliefs about what is important in life, interpersonal relations
and work .
 Values related to work:
 General Values: the values related to work derive from
the general values, but they may also represent a source of
the general values;
 Intrinsic Values: represent those beliefs that motivate
individual behavior, independent of an external reward (e.g.
autonomy, professional competence);
 Extrinsic Values: they motivate the individual’s behavior
by external rewards that can be obtained at the end of an
activity (e.g. prestige, status, financial benefits);

10.  ! Values have a direct influence on:
 Career decision
 Adaptation to the requirements of the occupational
/educational environment
 Cognitive (academic / professional) satisfaction.

11.  Definition: The ability represents the individual’s potential to learn
and to achieve performance in a particular area.
 Observation: In order to achieve a superior performance in an
activity, the students must demonstrate:
 -the capacity of acquiring knowledge and operating with it (abilities);
 -declarative and procedural knowledge that have been already
acquired (capacities);
 -efficient operation with knowledge (skills)
 Skills and transferable abilities – those which, although they were
acquired within specific activities, may be used in accomplishing
different tasks and activities.

12.  Personality characteristics: represent the individual’s typical
ways of thinking, behavior, affectivity / emotion and relationship.
 Personality characteristics are just one of the important
aspects related to career decisions.

13.  Exploring the Professional and Educational Routes refers
to the systematic collection of information on educational
opportunities and occupations (specific educational requirements
for a job, hiring perspectives etc.).
 Exploration sources:
 Printed materials: brochures, flyers, occupational profiles,
newspapers and magazines.
 Computer systems.
 Audiovisual materials .

14. ◦ Career decision represents the process leading to the
selection of one career alternative among the many ones
available in a certain moment.
The Components of the Career Decision
The Context of the Decision
The context of the decision– What 2. The decision process
decision am I going to take? – How am I going to take this decision?
The Decision Process
A . Defining the decision and identifying the alternatives
B. Exploration and Evaluation of the alternatives
E. Reassessment of the decision
D.Decision Implementation C. Career Plan

15.  Personal Promotion includes the ways in which a person
systematizes and displays information about his/her abilities,
interests, educational and professional experiences in order to
achieve certain career goals.
Personal Promotion
Instrumental Component Attitudinal Component
Curriculum vitae Assertive Communication
Letter of application Development of the contact network
Personal Portfolio Preparation for the job interview