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This research offers a basis for spatial data management case in point that the land governance strategy denoting as a routine of digital spatial data legacy development is a major stipulation to the “land resources” and the “community services”. Until 2015, Ontario’s municipalities cover just 17 percent of its landmass where the municipal affairs pace complications in land use reckoned to the seven provincial plans. The Greater Golden Horseshoe Growth Plan often cloaks the multijurisdictional constraints, for example, the amendment of the municipal zoning ordinance, land registry and surveys, land claims and conciliations, and housing options and taxations. The emphasis is to contour: first, identification of the key attributes and entity-sets; second, structuring of the geo-relational database connecting the local activities at the dissemination areas; and finally, the thematic features of each municipality and their contiguity. On the contrary, responsible land governance in municipal affairs is obviously substance at least to the three central obligations such as approach in integrated land management, shared periphery negotiation for economic and environmental growth moratoria, and digital data automation properties and protocols. The suggestion is that a massive development of digital spatial data is necessary to readdress the municipal affairs toward responsible land governance.
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This webinar explored what local and national governments can do to offer adequate and more affordable and sustainable housing for all.
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Our live lectures feature guest speakers from various STEM disciplines, including engineers, scientists, and industry professionals who share their knowledge and experiences with our students. These lectures provide valuable insights into potential career paths and inspire students to pursue their passions in STEM.
Up the Ratios relies on the generosity of donors and volunteers to continue our work. Contributions of time, expertise, and financial support are crucial to sustaining our programs and expanding our reach. Whether you're an individual passionate about education, a professional in the STEM field, or a company looking to give back to the community, there are many ways to get involved and make a difference.
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#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
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Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
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3. Our economy is booming – but we’re not building enough housing.
3
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/swang168/388908005
Jobs added from 2011 through 2015:
501,000
Housing units built from 2011 through 2015:
65,000
Regionally: 1 house was built for every 8 jobs created
Big 3 Cities:
1 housing unit built for every
7 jobs created
Bayside Cities and Towns:
1 housing unit built for every
15 jobs created
Inland, Coastal, Delta Cities
and Towns:
1 housing unit built for every
3 jobs created
http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports/estimates/e-5/2011-20/view.php
4. 4
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/swang168/388908005
Source: http://www.trulia.com/blog/trends/elasticity-2016/
City
House Price,
% Change
1996-2016
Housing Units
Added,
% Change
1996-2016
Average
Months for
Building
Approval
San Jose 295% 20% 6
San Francisco 290% 12% 10
Oakland 223% 17% 11
Source: http://dwtd9qkskt5ds.cloudfront.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/TruliaPriceMonitor_Scatterplot_Jan20141.png
Low supply and high demand =
Our economy is booming – but we’re not building enough housing.
5. This current boom is translating into new pressures on our
transportation system – even worse than the “dot com” boom.
5
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2000 2005 2010 2015
% CHANGE SINCE 2000
BART Ridership
per-capita
Avg. Commute Time
Caltrain Ridership
per-capita
Source: Vital Signs (MTC 2015; ACS 2014; NTD 2014)
Congested Delay
per-worker
interpolated
Transit Ridership
per-capita; regional
6. Funding and policies are available to help us tackle transportation
challenges…
6
Transportation Strategies Land Use Strategies
State/
Federal
• Generate new state/federal revenues
• Fund projects and programs
• Condition existing funding sources
Regional
Agencies
• Prioritize high-performing expansion projects
• Fund preservation and operation of system
• Generate new regional revenues
• Condition existing funding sources
• Coordinate multi-county transportation programs
• Advocate for Bay Area projects at the state and
federal levels
Local
Agencies
• Build transportation projects
• Improve efficiency of operations and maintenance
activities
• Generate new local revenues
• Condition local revenues
• Advocate for local projects at the regional, state, and
federal levels
Other • Private Companies: operate private shuttles and
provide TNC service
7. … but solving our land use and affordability challenges is much
more difficult.
7
Fewer regional policies available
today than for transportation
Transportation Strategies Land Use Strategies
State/
Federal
• Generate new state/federal revenues
• Fund projects and programs
• Condition existing funding sources
• Reform tax policies (including redevelopment)
• Subsidize affordable housing
• Streamline regulatory processes (e.g., CEQA reform)
Regional
Agencies
• Prioritize high-performing expansion projects
• Fund preservation and operation of system
• Generate new regional revenues
• Condition existing funding sources
• Coordinate multi-county transportation programs
• Advocate for Bay Area projects at the state and
federal levels
• Condition existing funding sources
• Implement new regional development fees
Local
Agencies
• Build transportation projects
• Improve efficiency of operations and maintenance
activities
• Generate new local revenues
• Condition local revenues
• Advocate for local projects at the regional, state, and
federal levels
• Change zoning
• Change fees and subsidies for development
• Streamline approval processes
• Implement inclusionary policies
• Adjust urban growth boundaries
• Build infrastructure to support growth (e.g.,
sewer/water, schools, etc.)
Other • Private Companies: operate private shuttles and
provide TNC service
• Developers: build new residential, commercial, and
industrial buildings (both market-rate and
affordable)
8. Working within these constraints – and keeping this update
limited and focused – we achieve 5 of the 13 ambitious targets.
8
TARGET ACHIEVED (5)
Note that target results are
subject to change as
scenarios are further refined
this fall, and as scenarios are
ultimately analyzed against
the 2040 horizon year.
Climate
Protection*
Adequate Housing
Open Space and
Agricultural
Preservation*
Middle-Wage Job
Creation
Goods Movement/
Congestion
Reduction*
RIGHT DIRECTION (5)
Healthy and Safe
Communities
Affordable Housing
Non-Auto Mode
Shift*
Road Maintenance*
Transit Maintenance
WRONG DIRECTION (3)
Housing +
Transportation
Affordability*
Displacement
Risk*
Access to Jobs
SUMMARY OF THE
DRAFT PREFERRED
SCENARIO
PERFORMANCE
TARGET RESULTS
Performance targets
highlighted in this
presentation are
marked with an
asterisk (*).
Refer to
Attachment A of
the performance
item for detailed
results.
9. Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/swang168/388908005; Icon Sources: The Noun Project (Bravo, Galtarossa, Prado, Helbig)
PLANNING FOR
GROWTH
MAINTAINING
EXISTING
SYSTEMS
STRATEGIC
MODERNIZATION
& EXPANSION
KEY SOCIAL
EQUITY
FINDINGS
KEY
PERFORMANCE
FINDINGS
The Draft Preferred Scenario combines elements
of the three scenarios evaluated so far, while
balancing local priorities as well.
9
LAND USE TRANSPORTATION
11. • Draft Preferred Scenario
• ABAG Land Use Vision
• Priority Development Area (PDA) Assessment
Refinements
Alternative
Land Use Scenarios &
Public Feedback
• Land Use RepresentationLocal General Plans
Plan Bay Area (Adopted in 2013)
The Draft Preferred Scenario builds on Plan Bay Area.
11
Main Streets
Connected
Neighborhoods
Big Cities
12. Land use strategies influence the location of future housing and
jobs.
12
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/neighborhoods/4283507357; Icon Sources: The Noun Project (Mint Shirt, Creative Stall, Avery, Boatman, Gomez)
The Draft Preferred Scenario has the following key strategies for land use:
Keep current urban growth boundaries in place.
Apply inclusionary zoning in all cities with PDAs.
Assume for-profit housing developments make 10 percent of
units deed-restricted in perpetuity.
Assign higher densities than currently allowed by cities to
select PDAs.
Reduce the cost of building in PDAs and TPAs through eased
parking minimums and streamlined environmental
clearance.
Assume subsidies stimulate housing and commercial
development within PDAs.
13. Similar to Plan Bay Area, the Draft Preferred focuses growth in the
core of the region.
13
25%
75%
24%
33%
43%
outside PDA
in PDA
Inland, Coastal, Delta
Bayside
Big 3 Cities
Where will the region
plan for the 820,000
new households? 31%
39%
30%
2010: 2.6 million
households
34%
38%
28%
2040: 3.4 million
households
14. Fewer strategies exist to encourage shifts in job locations –
meaning that the West Bay and South Bay remain primary centers.
14
48%
52%
14%
46%
40%
outside PDA
in PDA
Inland, Coastal, Delta
Bayside
Big 3 Cities
Where will the region
plan for the 1.3
million new jobs? 33%
41%
26%
35%
43%
22%
2010: 3.4 million
jobs
2040: 4.7 million
jobs
15. Accelerating housing production is critical to achieve this vision.
15
65,000
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
2011-2015 2016-2020 2021-2025 2026-2030 2031-2035 2036-2040
Plan Bay Area 2040 – Housing Trends
Actual Production Under Construction Forecasted Increment
16. Local jurisdiction support is critical to realize the goals of Plan Bay
Area 2040.
16
Icon Sources: The Noun Project (Medard, Lopez, Luck, Helbig)
Big Cities
>350,000 people
Medium Cities
50,000 – 350,000
Small Cities
<50,000 people
Towns
Unincorporated
Areas
3
cities
43%
of growth
avg. 3,880 units
annually per city
35
cities
40%
of growth
avg. 310 units
annually per city
8
areas
6%
of growth
avg. 220 units
annually per area
53
cities
11%
of growth
avg. 55 units
annually per city
10
towns
<1%
of growth
avg. 15 units
annually per town
17. More information for local jurisdictions interested in detailed
forecasts is publicly available.
17
County
Households
2010
Households
2040 (Forecast)
Employment
2010
Employment
2040 (Forecast)
Alameda 548,000 725,000 706,000 978,000
Contra Costa 376,000 491,000 360,000 473,000
Marin 104,000 116,000 121,000 138,000
Napa 49,000 56,000 71,000 79,000
San Francisco 347,000 476,000 577,000 888,000
San Mateo 257,000 316,000 343,000 475,000
Santa Clara 597,000 847,000 912,000 1,270,000
Solano 142,000 170,000 130,000 157,000
Sonoma 187,000 231,000 203,000 241,000
Total 2,607,000 3,427,000 3,422,000 4,699,000
18. The Draft Preferred land use pattern meets our environmental
goals, but it does not solve the region’s affordability issues.
18
Goal TARGET
No
Project
Main
Streets
Connected
Neighbor.
Big
Cities
Draft
Preferred
Climate
Protection 1 Reduce per-capita CO2 emissions -15%
Open Space
and
Agricultural
Preservation
4
Direct development within urban
footprint
100%
Equitable
Access 5
Decrease H+T share for lower-
income households*
-10%
Equitable
Access 7
Do not increase share of
households at risk of displacement*
+0%
-5% -15% -18% -20%
87% 91%
+14% +13% +13% +13%
100% 100%
-18%
+13%
100%
* = indicates that performance results analysis year 2035; final target results will reflect consistent horizon year of 2040
+18% +11% +13% +15% +9%
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/thefatrobot/15095382616
20. Fortunately, the region has significant resources for improving our
transportation system – especially voter-approved sales taxes.
20
$29B $48B $42B $157B $14B $19B
Federal State Regional Local Anticipated 2016 Transportation Ballot Measures
$309 billion
Year of Expenditure $
Revenue Envelope for Plan Bay Area 2040
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/beejjorgensen/3495038
21. All investment categories in the Draft Preferred are contingent on
approval of new sales taxes this November.
21
Breakdown of Draft Preferred Scenario Funding
$216B $74B $19B
Committed Discretionary 2016 Transportation Ballot Measures
$171B $27B $18B
Operate and Maintain Modernize Expand
$48B $19BOperate and Maintain Modernize Expand
Operate and Maintain Modernize Expand
$8B
$7B
$9B
$3B
22. Due to fiscal constraints, it was not possible to achieve ideal
maintenance conditions and to fund all projects submitted.
22
$122B
$47B
$36B
$35B
$188B
Funding Need Available Revenue
Transit Operations Transit Capital (Ideal) Local Streets (Ideal) Highways/Bridges (Ideal) Projects Available Revenue
Plan Bay Area
2040 Call for
Projects
Funding need
for all assets at
ideal conditions
Funding for
existing transit
operations
$309 billion
$428 billion
23. The Draft Preferred Scenario allocates over 90 percent of funds
towards maintenance and modernization, similar to Plan Bay Area.
23
$158 billion
51%
$68 billion
22%
$54 billion
17%
$29 billion
9%
Total Plan Bay Area 2040 Expenditures
(in billions of $YOE)
Operate and Maintain -
Transit
Operate and Maintain -
Roads/Freeways/Bridges
Modernize
Expand
91%
9%
Operate, Maintain,
and Modernize
Expand Existing
System
24. $226 billion goes directly to operations and “Fix It First”, reflecting
the high performance of transit maintenance investments.
24
Strategy 1:
Operate and Maintain
$226 billion (73%)
Includes:
• Transit Operations
($122 billion)
• Transit Maintenance
($31 billion)
• Local Streets
Maintenance
($25 billion)
• Bridge Maintenance
($14 billion)
25. Operating and maintaining the existing system remains our top
priority, despite its high costs.
25
Category
Current Conditions
(2015)
Draft Preferred
(2040)
Transit Operations
Fully funds preservation of current service levels
through 2040
Transit Maintenance
29% of transit assets
past useful life
12% of transit assets
past useful life
Local Road Maintenance
Pavement condition
index of 66
Pavement condition
index of 69
Highway Maintenance
20% of highway lane-
miles in poor condition
20% of highway lane-
miles in poor condition
Strategy 1:
Operate and Maintain
$226 billion (73%)
Includes:
• Transit Operations
($122 billion)
• Transit Maintenance
($31 billion)
• Local Streets
Maintenance
($25 billion)
• Bridge Maintenance
($14 billion)
26. Operating and maintaining the existing system remains our top
priority, despite its high costs.
26
The Draft Preferred Scenario fully funds existing
operations in line with the original Plan Bay Area,
increasing transit service by 7.5% over PBA 2013 levels.
Annual costs are 25% higher, however.
Strategy 1:
Operate and Maintain
$226 billion (73%)
Includes:
• Transit Operations
($122 billion)
• Transit Maintenance
($31 billion)
• Local Streets
Maintenance
($25 billion)
• Bridge Maintenance
($14 billion)
27. Modernization of existing transit system and highways is a high
priority as well.
27
Strategy 2:
Modernize
$54 billion (17%)
Includes:
• Core Capacity
($7 billion)
• Bike/Ped Program
($3 billion)
• Goods Movement
Program ($3 billion)
• Caltrain Electrification
($2 billion)
• Mobility and Access
Program ($2 billion)
• BART Metro
($1 billion)
28. The share of funding allocated towards expansion projects
continues to decline – focusing primarily on high-performers.
28
Strategy 3:
Expand
$29 billion (9%)
Includes:
• High Speed Rail in Bay
Area
($8 billion)
• BART to San Jose
($5 billion)
• Caltrain Downtown
Extension
($4 billion)
• Silicon Valley Express
Lanes: SR-85 + US-101
($2 billion)
29. The Draft Preferred Scenario includes specific strategies for equity.
29
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kukkurovaca/3847019482; Icon Sources: The Noun Project (naim, Mint Shirt, Hossain)
Fund existing bus operations through 2040
$62 billion
Fund bus service increases and transit improvements
$5 billion
Fund Lifeline Program and County Access Initiatives
$2 billion
Assume increases in inclusionary zoning within
Priority Development Areas
30. Transportation investments are being targeted to benefit low-
income Bay Area residents…
30
Share of
Population
Share of Investment Benefit
Transit Roadway Total
Low-
Income 24% 45% 26% 42%
Minority 59% 58% 52% 57%
TRANSPORTATION FUNDING ALLOCATION
FOR DRAFT PREFERRED SCENARIO
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/pfsullivan_1056/4487394472; https://www.flickr.com/photos/coolsashy/27398341596
31. … but ultimately transportation isn’t the primary challenge –
rather, it’s finding an affordable place to live.
31
Share of
Population
Share of Investment Benefit
Transit Roadway Total
Low-
Income 24% 45% 26% 42%
Minority 59% 58% 52% 57%
TRANSPORTATION FUNDING ALLOCATION
FOR DRAFT PREFERRED SCENARIO
EQUITY MEASURE SUMMARY
FOR DRAFT PREFERRED SCENARIO
Equity Measure
Better
Performance in
Disadvantaged
Communities?
Disadvantaged
Communities
Moving in the
Right Direction?
Access to Jobs Yes Yes
Risk of
Displacement Yes No
Healthy and Safe
Communities Same Yes
Middle-Wage Job
Creation N/A Yes
Housing +
Transportation
Affordability
No No
Affordable Housing No No
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/pfsullivan_1056/4487394472
32. Performance results for transportation are generally positive but
fall short on several key targets.
32
+14% -22% -14% -35%
+2% +2%
+46% -66% -9% +15%
+3% +4%
-28%
-16%
+3%
* = indicates that performance results analysis year 2035; final target results will reflect consistent horizon year of 2040
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/allaboutgeorge/5391451588
Goal TARGET
No
Project
Main
Streets
Connected
Neighbor.
Big
Cities
Draft
Preferred
Climate
Protection 1 Reduce per-capita CO2 emissions -15%
Economic
Vitality 10
Reduce per-capita delay on freight
network
-20%
Transportation
System
Effectiveness
11 Increase non-auto mode share* +10%
Transportation
System
Effectiveness
12
Reduce vehicle O&M costs due to
pavement conditions*
-100%
-5% -15% -18% -20% -18%
33. Despite its limitations, the Draft Preferred Scenario does perform
notably better than the status quo (No Project).
33
Compared to the No Project:
• The Draft Preferred Scenario achieves 13
additional percentage points of per-capita
greenhouse gas reduction, primarily due to
the Climate Initiatives Program.
• Nearly 12,000 fewer acres of greenfield
lands are developed in the Draft Preferred
Scenario.
• 63,000 fewer households are at risk of
displacement in PDAs, TPAs, and HOAs in the
Draft Preferred Scenario.
• The typical driver spends $124 less per car
on auto maintenance due to smoother local
streets in the Draft Preferred Scenario.
34. Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/gdodge/15336815438
If we really want to address affordability and equity
challenges, action is needed by an engaged public and
by all levels of government. Only the most aggressive
policies will be sufficient to deal with our housing crisis.
Housing: +12%
Housing + Transportation: +13%
Transportation:
+1%
Housing +
Transportation
Costs
(as a share of
income)*
* = for lower-income households
2005 2040
54%
of
household
income
67%
of
household
income
34
35. Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/arballoimages/9656613352
We want your feedback on how to craft the best
Preferred Scenario possible.
September
• Hold County
Workshops with
Planning Directors
October
• Comments on
Draft Preferred
Due (October 14)
• Revise Preferred
Scenario
Fall
• Adopt Revised
Preferred Scenario
• Begin CEQA
Review
Spring 2017
• Release Draft Plan
• Release Draft EIR
Summer 2017
• Adopt Plan Bay
Area 2040
• Certify EIR
35