PKI Concepts- What are the core components of a PKI- Briefly describe.docx
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PKI Concepts: What are the core components of a PKI? Briefly describe each component Discuss the trustworthiness of squareroot certificates provided by browsers. (3) What is the purpose of the X.509 standard and what is a certificate chain? How is an X.509 certificate revoked? Solution A public key infrastructure ( PKI ) is a set of roles, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. The purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e-commerce, internet banking and confidential email. It is required for activities where simple passwords are an inadequate authentication method and more rigorous proof is required to confirm the identity of the parties involved in the communication and to validate the information being transferred. In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective identities of entities (like persons and organizations). The binding is established through a process of registration and issuance of certificates at and by a certificate authority (CA). Depending on the assurance level of the binding, this may be carried out by an automated process or under human supervision. The PKI role that assures valid and correct registration is called registration authority (RA). An RA is responsible for accepting requests for digital certificates and authenticating the entity making the request. In a Microsoft PKI, a registration authority is usually called a subordinate CA. An entity must be uniquely identifiable within each CA domain on the basis of information about that entity. A third-party validation authority (VA) can provide this entity information on behalf of the CA. .
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Define PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) and list and discuss the types of protection that it offers.
Give an example of where PKI is utilized in daily activity,(industry).
Solution
Answer:-
PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) :
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a popular encryption and authentication approach used by
both small businesses and large enterprises.
What Is Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) :
The PKI environment is made up of five components:
1) Certification Authority (CA) -- serves as the root of trust that authenticates the identity of
individuals, computers and other entities in the network.
2) Registration Authority (RA) : -- is certified by a root CA to issue certificates for uses
permitted by the CA. In a Microsoft PKI environment, the RA is normally called a subordinate
CA.
3) Certificate Database : -- saves certificate requests issued and revoked certificates from the RA
or CA.
4) Certificate Store :-- saves issued certificates and pending or rejected certificate requests from
the local computer.
5) Key Archival Server :-- saves encrypted private keys in a certificate database for disaster
recovery purposes in case the Certificate Database is lost.
6) PKI is a very effective method for implementing multi-factor authentication. Some
companies, such as Unisys, require that devices that are attached to the corporate network must
be able to use PKI for the encrypted and authenticated exchange of information.
7) In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective identities of
entities (like persons and organizations).
8) A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a system for the creation, storage, and distribution of
digital certificates which are used to verify that a particular public key belongs to a certain entity.
Types Protection:
1) Encryption and/or sender authentication of e-mail messages .
2) Encryption and/or authentication of documents .
3) Authentication of users to applications (e.g., smart card logon, client authentication with SSL).
There\'s experimental usage for digitally signed HTTP authentication in the Enigform and
mod_openpgp projects .
4) Bootstrapping secure communication protocols such as Internet key exchange (IKE) and SSL.
In both of these, initial set-up of a secure channel security association uses asymmetric key ,
public key methods, whereas actual communication uses faster symmetric key, secret key
methods.
5) Mobile signatures are electronic signatures that are created using a mobile device and rely on
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1) Explain what the following are: root certificates, self-signed certificates. Describe how they
are used. Provide some examples of each explaining how they are used. You should be able to
find examples of each on your system by looking through various options available on your
browser.
2) Provide a listing of the fields associated with a certificate of your choosing. Use the X509
definition to match the general fields of a certificate with the certificate you choose to look at.
Describe each field.
3) Your manager is considering implementing a PKI infrastructure. They are considering using
RSA encryption technology for the central part of their infrastructure. You manager would like
to know some products or services that utilize RSA encryption technology. Provide three
examples and explain how they make use of the RSA encryption technology. Provide a few
original sentences describing each of your examples.
4) Compare the functionality offered by the RSA and Diffie-Hellman algorithms.
Solution
A Root SSL certificate could be a certificate issued by a trusty certificate authority (CA).In the
SSL system, anyone will generate a language key and sign a replacement certificate therewith
signature. However, that certificate isn\'t thought-about valid unless it\'s been directly or
indirectly signed by a trusty CA.A trusty certificate authority is Associate in Nursing entity that
has been entitled to verify that somebody is effectively World Health Organization it declares to
be. so as for this model to figure, all the participants on the sport should agree on a group of CA
that they trust. All operational systems and most of net browsers ship with a group of trusty
CAs.The SSL system is predicated on a model of trust relationship, conjointly known as “chain
of trust”. once a tool validates a certificate, it compares the certificate establishment with the list
of trusty CAs. If a match isn\'t found, the shopper can then check to check if the certificate of the
supplying CA was issued by a trusty CA, so on till the tip of the certificate chain. the highest of
the chain, the basis certificate, should be issued by a trusty Certificate Authority.
Self-signed certificates or certificates issued by a non-public CAs aren\'t appropriate to be used
with the overall public.A certificate serves two essential purpose distribute the public key and
verifying the individuality of the server so guests know they aren’t sending their information to
the wrong person. It can only properly verify the identity of the server when it is signed by a
trusted third party because any attacker can create a self-signed certificate and launch a man-in-
the-middle attack. If a user just accept a self-signed certificate, an attacker could drop on all the
traffic or try to set up an imitation server to phish additional information out of the user. Because
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Define PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) and list and discuss the type.pdf
Define PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) and list and discuss the types of protection that it offers.
Give an example of where PKI is utilized in daily activity,(industry).
Solution
Answer:-
PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) :
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a popular encryption and authentication approach used by
both small businesses and large enterprises.
What Is Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) :
The PKI environment is made up of five components:
1) Certification Authority (CA) -- serves as the root of trust that authenticates the identity of
individuals, computers and other entities in the network.
2) Registration Authority (RA) : -- is certified by a root CA to issue certificates for uses
permitted by the CA. In a Microsoft PKI environment, the RA is normally called a subordinate
CA.
3) Certificate Database : -- saves certificate requests issued and revoked certificates from the RA
or CA.
4) Certificate Store :-- saves issued certificates and pending or rejected certificate requests from
the local computer.
5) Key Archival Server :-- saves encrypted private keys in a certificate database for disaster
recovery purposes in case the Certificate Database is lost.
6) PKI is a very effective method for implementing multi-factor authentication. Some
companies, such as Unisys, require that devices that are attached to the corporate network must
be able to use PKI for the encrypted and authenticated exchange of information.
7) In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective identities of
entities (like persons and organizations).
8) A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a system for the creation, storage, and distribution of
digital certificates which are used to verify that a particular public key belongs to a certain entity.
Types Protection:
1) Encryption and/or sender authentication of e-mail messages .
2) Encryption and/or authentication of documents .
3) Authentication of users to applications (e.g., smart card logon, client authentication with SSL).
There\'s experimental usage for digitally signed HTTP authentication in the Enigform and
mod_openpgp projects .
4) Bootstrapping secure communication protocols such as Internet key exchange (IKE) and SSL.
In both of these, initial set-up of a secure channel security association uses asymmetric key ,
public key methods, whereas actual communication uses faster symmetric key, secret key
methods.
5) Mobile signatures are electronic signatures that are created using a mobile device and rely on
signature or certification services in a location independent telecommunication environment..
Iaetsd secure emails an integrity assured email
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a secure email system using public key infrastructure (PKI). It begins with an introduction describing the need for additional security mechanisms for email beyond what standard email protocols provide. It then provides an overview of how PKI works using public/private key encryption and digital signatures to provide security properties like authentication, integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation. The document reviews PKI technologies and applications, how infrastructure is provided, and discusses information security and 'PAIN' properties that PKI enables. It concludes with a literature review of cryptography basics like symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms that PKI is built upon.
Digital certificate management v1 (Draft)
This document provides an overview of a 2-day training course on digital certificate management and public key infrastructure (PKI). The course covers topics such as the introduction to PKI, algorithms, standards and protocols, digital certificates, cryptography service providers, and web certificate management. It also discusses key concepts related to PKI including symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms, hashing functions, certificate authorities, and PKI components.
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.1) Expla.pdf
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.
1) Explain what the following are: root certificates, self-signed certificates. Describe how they
are used. Provide some examples of each explaining how they are used. You should be able to
find examples of each on your system by looking through various options available on your
browser.
2) Provide a listing of the fields associated with a certificate of your choosing. Use the X509
definition to match the general fields of a certificate with the certificate you choose to look at.
Describe each field.
3) Your manager is considering implementing a PKI infrastructure. They are considering using
RSA encryption technology for the central part of their infrastructure. You manager would like
to know some products or services that utilize RSA encryption technology. Provide three
examples and explain how they make use of the RSA encryption technology. Provide a few
original sentences describing each of your examples.
4) Compare the functionality offered by the RSA and Diffie-Hellman algorithms.
Solution
A Root SSL certificate could be a certificate issued by a trusty certificate authority (CA).In the
SSL system, anyone will generate a language key and sign a replacement certificate therewith
signature. However, that certificate isn\'t thought-about valid unless it\'s been directly or
indirectly signed by a trusty CA.A trusty certificate authority is Associate in Nursing entity that
has been entitled to verify that somebody is effectively World Health Organization it declares to
be. so as for this model to figure, all the participants on the sport should agree on a group of CA
that they trust. All operational systems and most of net browsers ship with a group of trusty
CAs.The SSL system is predicated on a model of trust relationship, conjointly known as “chain
of trust”. once a tool validates a certificate, it compares the certificate establishment with the list
of trusty CAs. If a match isn\'t found, the shopper can then check to check if the certificate of the
supplying CA was issued by a trusty CA, so on till the tip of the certificate chain. the highest of
the chain, the basis certificate, should be issued by a trusty Certificate Authority.
Self-signed certificates or certificates issued by a non-public CAs aren\'t appropriate to be used
with the overall public.A certificate serves two essential purpose distribute the public key and
verifying the individuality of the server so guests know they aren’t sending their information to
the wrong person. It can only properly verify the identity of the server when it is signed by a
trusted third party because any attacker can create a self-signed certificate and launch a man-in-
the-middle attack. If a user just accept a self-signed certificate, an attacker could drop on all the
traffic or try to set up an imitation server to phish additional information out of the user. Because
of this, you will approximately on no account want to use a self signe.
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AbstrAct
The public key infrastructure (PKI) has been
widely adopted to create, manage, distribute,
store and revoke digital certificates, which plays
an important role in bootstrapping secure com-
munications. A PKI system authenticates entities
with the corresponding public keys and it lays
the security foundation for public-key crypto-
systems in public-key encryption and digital sig-
natures. However, traditional PKI systems suffer
from security breaches, such as single-point-of-
failure and man-in-the-middle attacks due to the
existence of a centralized certificate authority.
In this article, we review the traditional central-
ized PKI system as well as the subjected security
concerns, and then we propose possible solu-
tions to address these issues with the emerging
blockchain technology. Two frameworks are pre-
sented where blockchain is utilized as a public
bulletin board or trusted majority. We implement
the functions to evaluate the off-chain time costs
and on-chain gas costs of the proposal, which
demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the
proposal.
IntroductIon
Secure key generation and key distribution are
the fundamentals of a cryptographic system.
For example, communications over the Internet
are built on the top of the secure distribution of
public keys and the confidentiality of the corre-
sponding private keys. A common approach to
securely generating and claiming key pairs is to
employ a public key infrastructure (PKI). A PKI
system is a collection of hardware, software,
people, policies and procedures that achieves
the generation, management, storage, distri-
bution, and revocation of keys and certificates
based on public-key cryptography. PKI systems
can be applied to ascertain the identities of differ-
ent authorities and authenticate an entity to the
corresponding public key. It provides underlying
security services for e-commerce, e-government,
office automation, and so on, so that users who
are unknown to one another or physically apart
can communicate securely through the chain of
trust. A PKI system provides fundamental secu-
rity guarantees to many applications. However,
the typical traditional PKI system relies on a cen-
tral authority (CA) to create, store and revocate
digital certificates. In this case, it might trigger
a number of security issues. First, CA can easily
be the target of many attacks. For example, CA
might suffer from network attacks, such as ARP
spoofing, IP spoofing and DNS spoofing attacks,
and moreover single-point-of-failure is another
severe problem. Second, a malicious CA might
cause unexpected disasters to the system since
fraudulent certificate attacks happen frequently.
In 2015, Google warned of fake digital certificate
problems issued by intermediate CAs (https://
www.computerweekly.com/news/4500242932/
Google-warns-of-fake-digital-certificates). In 2017,
ha.
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based on the concept of Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP), so that no
sensitive information can be revealed during a communication.
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authenticate the identity of the sender or the signer within a
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This document discusses PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) and OpenSSL. It defines PKI as a structure that authenticates users and services to ensure secure information exchange. PKI uses digital certificates issued by Certificate Authorities to associate public keys with certificate owners. OpenSSL is an open source implementation of SSL/TLS that is used to set up and manage PKI environments through commands like generating certificate requests and certificates, revoking certificates, and creating CRLs (Certificate Revocation Lists). The document provides examples of OpenSSL commands for performing common PKI tasks.
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Solution
1. Physians, nurses and social workers arrange for post-hospital care in the process of Discharge planning.
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3. False. The patients have right to refuse treatment at any stage of treatment.
4. c. Healthcare promulgator, healthcare regulator, healthcare payer
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8. e. 60% (Approximately 58.7 % of adult population in U.S. use mental health services in any given year)
9. Co-morbidity
10. True
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The four components of aggregate expenditures are:
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The four components of aggregate expenditures are: 4 = consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
I hope my solution solves your query.
Regards.
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Digital certificates provide advanced instruments for confirming identities in electronic environments. The application of digital certificates has been gaining global acceptance both in public and private sectors. In fact, the government field has witnessed increasing adoption of cryptographic technologies to address identity management requirements in cyberspace. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of various governmental scenarios on the usage and application of digital certificates in the United Arab Emirates. The UAE government integrated public key infrastructure (PKI) technology into its identity management infrastructure since 2003. The article also explores the UAE digital identity issuing authority's position regarding government-to-government transactions and the prospective role of digital certificates.COMPARISON OF CERTIFICATE POLICIES FORMERGING PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURESDURIN...
The Public Key Infrastructure(PKI) provides facilities for data encryption, digital signature and time stamping. It is a system where different authorities verify and authenticate the validity of each participant with the use of digital certificates. A Certificate Policy (CP) is a named set of rules and it indicates the applicability of a certificate in a Public Key Infrastructure. Sometimes two companies or organizations with different PKIs merge. Therefore it would be necessary that their PKIs are also able to merge. Sometimes, the unification of different PKIs is not possible because of the different certificate policies. This paper presents a method to compare and assess certificate policies during merger and acquisition of companies.
133IEEE Network • NovemberDecember 2020 0890-804420$25.00 ©.docx
133IEEE Network • November/December 2020 0890-8044/20/$25.00 © 2020 IEEE
AbstrAct
The public key infrastructure (PKI) has been
widely adopted to create, manage, distribute,
store and revoke digital certificates, which plays
an important role in bootstrapping secure com-
munications. A PKI system authenticates entities
with the corresponding public keys and it lays
the security foundation for public-key crypto-
systems in public-key encryption and digital sig-
natures. However, traditional PKI systems suffer
from security breaches, such as single-point-of-
failure and man-in-the-middle attacks due to the
existence of a centralized certificate authority.
In this article, we review the traditional central-
ized PKI system as well as the subjected security
concerns, and then we propose possible solu-
tions to address these issues with the emerging
blockchain technology. Two frameworks are pre-
sented where blockchain is utilized as a public
bulletin board or trusted majority. We implement
the functions to evaluate the off-chain time costs
and on-chain gas costs of the proposal, which
demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the
proposal.
IntroductIon
Secure key generation and key distribution are
the fundamentals of a cryptographic system.
For example, communications over the Internet
are built on the top of the secure distribution of
public keys and the confidentiality of the corre-
sponding private keys. A common approach to
securely generating and claiming key pairs is to
employ a public key infrastructure (PKI). A PKI
system is a collection of hardware, software,
people, policies and procedures that achieves
the generation, management, storage, distri-
bution, and revocation of keys and certificates
based on public-key cryptography. PKI systems
can be applied to ascertain the identities of differ-
ent authorities and authenticate an entity to the
corresponding public key. It provides underlying
security services for e-commerce, e-government,
office automation, and so on, so that users who
are unknown to one another or physically apart
can communicate securely through the chain of
trust. A PKI system provides fundamental secu-
rity guarantees to many applications. However,
the typical traditional PKI system relies on a cen-
tral authority (CA) to create, store and revocate
digital certificates. In this case, it might trigger
a number of security issues. First, CA can easily
be the target of many attacks. For example, CA
might suffer from network attacks, such as ARP
spoofing, IP spoofing and DNS spoofing attacks,
and moreover single-point-of-failure is another
severe problem. Second, a malicious CA might
cause unexpected disasters to the system since
fraudulent certificate attacks happen frequently.
In 2015, Google warned of fake digital certificate
problems issued by intermediate CAs (https://
www.computerweekly.com/news/4500242932/
Google-warns-of-fake-digital-certificates). In 2017,
ha.
PKI - The Backbone of Digital Signatures - DrySign by Exela
PKI plays a significant role in digital signatures where it allows a business user to sign and authenticate and encrypt the data transmitted.
Public key infrastructure
A public key infrastructure (PKI) allows for secure communication and data exchange over public networks through the use of public and private cryptographic key pairs provided by a certificate authority. A PKI uses asymmetric encryption where a public key is used to encrypt data and a private key is used to decrypt it. Digital certificates issued by a certificate authority are used to verify the identity of individuals by containing their public key and identification details signed by the certificate authority. This allows for trust in electronic transactions by ensuring people receive keys from the actual identity they claim to be rather than an impersonator.
Ijarcet vol-2-issue-7-2307-2310
This document provides an overview of public key infrastructure (PKI). It discusses the key elements of PKI including digital certificates, certificate authorities, registration authorities, and end entities. It describes the functions and applications of PKI, focusing on enabling secure authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, and non-repudiation. The document also examines specific aspects of PKI such as the X.509 digital certificate format, PKI management functions and protocols, and certification methods including certificate authorities, web of trust, and simple PKI.
Ijarcet vol-2-issue-7-2307-2310
This document provides an overview of public-key infrastructure (PKI). It discusses the key elements of PKI, including digital certificates, certificate authorities, and how PKI enables secure communication through the use of public/private key pairs. The document also describes X.509 digital certificate standards, including the various fields that make up a certificate. It provides details on the PKI management functions such as registration, certification, revocation, and cross-certification that are needed to implement and manage the issuance and use of digital certificates within a PKI.
Authentication and Authorization Models
The document discusses authentication and authorization models. It proposes a new model that combines PKI and Kerberos to enable authentication between trust domains. The model works as follows:
1) A user in Domain 1 sends a request to the Authentication Server, signed with the user's certificate, requesting a session with the Ticket Granting Server.
2) If authenticated, the Authentication Server issues a ticket to the user.
3) The user then sends a request to the application server in Domain 2, along with the ticket.
This allows mutual authentication between users in different domains that utilize different authentication technologies, by leveraging the strengths of both PKI and Kerberos. The public key infrastructure establishes trust between domains,
The Hong Kong Public Key Infrastruture 2010
The document discusses the Hong Kong Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and its use. It provides an overview of PKI and how it establishes trust and security for electronic transactions through the use of public/private key encryption, digital certificates, and certificate authorities (CAs). It outlines Hong Kong's legal framework that recognizes PKI through the Electronic Transactions Ordinance and the voluntary recognition scheme for CAs operating in Hong Kong like Hongkong Post and Digi-Sign Certification Service.
Uport a blockchain platform for self-sovereign identity
The document describes uPort, a platform for self-sovereign identity built on Ethereum. It discusses problems with current centralized identity systems and how uPort aims to give individuals control over their digital identities through a decentralized system. uPort uses Ethereum smart contracts, developer libraries, and a mobile app to allow users to own and control their identity, data, and digital assets without relying on centralized providers. It also outlines several potential use cases for both individuals and enterprises.
Digital signature and certificate authority
This presentation will give you a broad view about digital signature and certificate authority. It also explains the difference between digital signature and electronic signature.
Ch12 Cryptographic Protocols and Public Key Infrastructure
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
Reconsidering Public Key Infrastructure and its Place in Your Enterprise Stra...
Gartner's statement that certificates can no longer be blindly trusted; coupled with Microsoft VP of Trustworthy Computing, Scott Charney declaring “PKI is under attack” seems increasingly prophetic as the digital world relentlessly develops its capabilities. Undeniably, PKI plays a key role in internet security, but SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) / TLS (Transport Layer Security) systems are proving increasingly vulnerable under the weight of the latest digital ecosystem.
Grid security seminar mohit modi
1) The document discusses security requirements for computational grids, including authentication, authorization, integrity and confidentiality. It focuses on the use of X.509 certificates.
2) The introduction defines a computational grid as a system that coordinates distributed resources across administrative domains to provide quality of service.
3) The security model section explains the Globus security model, including the use of public key cryptography, digital signatures, certificates, and mutual authentication using SSL.
technology
Blockchain technology can be used to improve identity management in several ways. It allows for self-sovereign identity where users have full control over their digital identity without intermediaries. Identity records on the blockchain are permanent and immutable. Blockchain is also useful for identity management in IoT systems and enabling smart contracts. Some benefits of blockchain identity management include trustlessness, improved security and privacy, simplified verification, and a better user experience.
DS-NIZKP: A ZKP-based Strong Authentication using Digital Signature for Distr...
DS-NIZKP: A ZKP-based Strong Authentication using Digital Signature for Distr...IJCSIS Research Publications
In most networks and distributed systems, security
has always been of a major concern and authentication is the core
issue as it provides protection from unauthorized use and ensures
proper functioning of the system. This paper investigates and
proposes DS-NIZKP, an approach for authenticating users by
three factors, (namely password, smart-card and biometrics)
based on the concept of Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP), so that no
sensitive information can be revealed during a communication.
The proposal employs the concept of digital signature (DS) to
authenticate the identity of the sender or the signer within a
single communication. Given that DS employs asymmetric
encryption, a one-way hash of the user’s identity is created then
signed using the private key. Hashing prevents from revealing
information about the user while signing provides authentication,
non-repudiation and integrity. This approach not only saves time
since just a single message between the prover and the verifier is
necessary but also defends privacy of the user in distributed
systems.Pki and OpenSSL
This document discusses PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) and OpenSSL. It defines PKI as a structure that authenticates users and services to ensure secure information exchange. PKI uses digital certificates issued by Certificate Authorities to associate public keys with certificate owners. OpenSSL is an open source implementation of SSL/TLS that is used to set up and manage PKI environments through commands like generating certificate requests and certificates, revoking certificates, and creating CRLs (Certificate Revocation Lists). The document provides examples of OpenSSL commands for performing common PKI tasks.
Alpha Education
The document describes a proof-of-concept for recording educational certificates on a blockchain to allow for authentication and digital verification. It aims to address issues with academic credential fraud and securely storing and sharing certificates. The proposed solution uses Ethereum, smart contracts, and Interplanetary File System distributed storage to issue, verify and retrieve certificates while maintaining security and privacy. A web application is built to test the issuance and verification of blockchain certificates between an accreditation body and training providers.
Similar to PKI Concepts- What are the core components of a PKI- Briefly describe.docx (20)
The Role of Digital Certificates in Contemporary Government Systems: the Case...
The Role of Digital Certificates in Contemporary Government Systems: the Case...
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COMPARISON OF CERTIFICATE POLICIES FORMERGING PUBLIC KEY INFRASTRUCTURESDURIN...
133IEEE Network • NovemberDecember 2020 0890-804420$25.00 ©.docx
133IEEE Network • NovemberDecember 2020 0890-804420$25.00 ©.docx
PKI - The Backbone of Digital Signatures - DrySign by Exela
PKI - The Backbone of Digital Signatures - DrySign by Exela
Uport a blockchain platform for self-sovereign identity
Uport a blockchain platform for self-sovereign identity
Ch12 Cryptographic Protocols and Public Key Infrastructure
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DS-NIZKP: A ZKP-based Strong Authentication using Digital Signature for Distr...
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The function and process whereby physicians- nurses- and social worker.docx
The function and process whereby physicians, nurses, and social workers proactively arrange for post-hospital care is known as: Select one: The direction, control, and governance of U.S. hospitals rests on a three-legged platform involving which entities: Patients have the right to set limits on the scope of treatment, but cannot refuse treatment after it is finally and formally recommended by a physician:
Solution
1. Physians, nurses and social workers arrange for post-hospital care in the process of Discharge planning.
2. a. Board of Directors (trustees), Administration, Medical staff
3. False. The patients have right to refuse treatment at any stage of treatment.
4. c. Healthcare promulgator, healthcare regulator, healthcare payer
5. True. The patients have every right to access their medical records and the medical organization cannot deny the same as per law.
6. c. Sub-acute care
7. b. Primary Care physicians
8. e. 60% (Approximately 58.7 % of adult population in U.S. use mental health services in any given year)
9. Co-morbidity
10. True
.
The four components of aggregate expenditures are- Question 3 options-.docx
The four components of aggregate expenditures are:
Question 3 options:
Solution
The four components of aggregate expenditures are: 4 = consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
I hope my solution solves your query.
Regards.
.
The IS staff wants to know about important management tools built into.docx
The IS staff wants to know about important management tools built into Windows Server 2008. In your opinion, what two management tools that will be of useful for them?
Solution
1) Windows System Resource Manager : It provides resource management to control the amount of resources a process or a user can use based on business priorities. Restrictions can be set to be imposed by
2) Server Manager : New roles-based management tool for Windows Server 2008 and is a combination of Manage Your Server and Security Configuration Wizard SCW from earlier version of windows (Windows Server 2003).Instead of just a starting point to configuring new roles, Server Manager collect all of the information regarding operations a users conduct ( or probably perform )on the server, such as, getting a remote deployment method set up, adding more server roles etc., and provides a consolidated, dashboard/portal-like view about the status of each role.
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The Inventive Co- is considering a new project- This project requires.docx
The Inventive Co. is considering a new project. This project requires an initial cash investment of $84,000. The project will generate cash inflows of $14,000 in the first year. Then, the project will do nothing for two years, after which time cash inflows of $38,000 will be generated for four years. How long will it take the Inventive Co. to recover its $84,000 investment?
The net present value of a project\'s cash inflows is $12,933 at a 11.2 percent discount rate. The profitability index is 1.55 and the firm\'s tax rate is 26 percent. What is the initial cost of the project?
Solution
1-cost of project=84000
Cash inflows
1- 14000
2 0
3. 0
4. 38000
5. 38000
6. 38000
7. 38000
8 38000
Payback period is 4.842 years
It a confusion whether 2nd part is in contiuation of 1st one or its a different question
If its a part of question mentioned above initial investment is 84000
If its a another part then information is incomplete neither no of Year are Given nor amount of cash flow is given so ut is impossible to calculate initial investment
.
The internal document that is prepared to notify the appropriate perso.docx
The internal document that is prepared to notify the appropriate persons that ordered goods have been received and describes the quantities and condition of the goods is the
Solution
Receiving report.
.
The Impact of Technology on the Developing Child name 7 negative ways.docx
The Impact of Technology on the Developing Child name 7 negative ways it can
Solution
1. Now a days, children play time is majorly occupied by the gadgets, and thus lacking their physical abilitiy to achieve sensory and motor development.
2. Due to availability of gadgets like calculators, and mobile phones, children are loosing their ability to memorize/analyze their simple things like calculations, or memorizing phone numbers.
3. Child obesity is one of the impact of technology on developing child. This is just because of lack of physical activity.
4. Children are lacking their family life, due to the business of parents, and therefore getting addicting to gadgets, and missing human relations.
5. The availability of gadgets to parents, and therefore, their ability to work from home, is inflicting negligence towards their children.
6. Children addiction towards television and internet, are lacking their sleep during nights.
7. Due to various programs over internet, and television, children are pyschologically loosing their mind, and dreaming of almost impossible things in real world.
.
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 is divided into 17 titles while brin.docx
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 is divided into 17 titles while bringing together under one umbrella more than 22 federal agencies. Select one such agency and describe their role and responsibilities in HLS. Which agencies do you believe they would work most closely with at an emergency response incident?
Solution
Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security,
roles and responsibilites:-
->FEMA manages the National Flood Insurance Program..
->National Disaster Medical System (NDMS):NDMS is made of teams that provide sufficient medical and allied care to disaster victims. These teams contain doctors, nurses, pharmacists, etc.
->National Response Coordination Center (NRCC):- provides emergency management coordination, planning, resource deployment, and collects and disseminates incident information as it builds and maintains situational awareness—all at the national-level
->Urban Search and Rescue (US&R):perform rescue operations of victims from structural collapses, confined spaces, and other disasters..examples :earth quakes...gas leakes..etc
->Mobile Emergency Response Support (MERS):-provides communication support to the people..
->Preparedness for nuclear incidents and Emergency Management Institute training and certifications.
->FEMA is one agency tha works most closely with at an emergency response incident....
.
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 is divided into 17 titles while brin (1).docx
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 is divided into 17 titles while bringing together under one umbrella more than 22 federal agencies. Select one such agency and describe their role and responsibilities in HLS. Which agencies do you believe they would work most closely with at an emergency response incident?
Solution
The Homeland Security Act is purely designed for more security from International Threats for UN people’s. The Homeland Security Act is established in November 2002 signed bylaw by The President Mr. George W.Bush and supported in 118 members of Congress. The main reason is Security fails in attacks of 9/11and subsequence mailings of Anthrax Spores.
HSA is created new environment for security reasons avoids in Services, High risk of Terriost Attacks, Elevated, Guarded, Cyber Attacks.
HSAct is Similar to IIRTPA but newly designed for more security reasons. It is mainly used in Government Bodies like Customs Services, Coast guard and U.S. Secret Services and NIA . It is more protect for UN Peoples from severe risk of Terriost Attacks, High Threat from Illegal notices, Elevated ,Guarded for unwilling risks and Low magnificence risks.
The Homeland Security Act is documented under the divided into Titles out of 22 Titles. The Titles 17 consisting of seven (7) sections include several acts amendments of United States backbone act is Inspector General Act of 1978 and Titles of Security Service Number with 5 Titles of United States codes.
.
The following table contains national income accounting data for a hyp.docx
The following table contains national income accounting data for a hypothetical economy
The following table contains national income accounting data for a hypothetical economy
Solution
hi
I took me while to figure this out but i think i got it.
To find Disposable Income (DI) you first need to find your GDP (Y).
Y= C + I + G + (X-M)
Y = 300 + 50+ 5 + 70
Y=425
So the formula for DI ( Gross Income - Taxes + Transfer Payments) is
DI = Y - T + TP
DI = 425 - 75 + 15
DI = 365
From that you can find savings (Whatever is not consumed is saved)
S= DI - C
S = 365 - 300
S = 65
To find the leakage (Withdraws) just add up the components (Savings + Net Tax +Imports)
W=S + NT + M
W= 65 + 75 + 5
W = 145
.
The following items are taken from the financial statements of the Pos.docx
The following items are taken from the financial statements of the Postal Service for the year ending December 31, 2014:
Solution
Total liabilities = Accountspayable + Notes payable
Total liabilities = 18000+70000 = $88000
Owners Equity = 102000-14000(owners drawings)
=$88000
The Current entry for lawer is
.
The following program has already been written to populate its data ar.docx
The following program has already been written to populate its data array with 10 values entered by the user. Using a loop, complete the program so that it displays “palindrome†if the array is the same read backwards as forwards (as in <9, 13, 15, 15, 13, 9>, which reversed is the same) and “no†otherwise.
int main() {
int data[10];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
printf(\"Value %d: \", i + 1);
scanf(\"%d\", &(data[i]))
}
Solution
int main() { Â Â Â Â int data[10]; Â Â Â Â int i; Â Â Â Â int all_match; Â Â Â Â for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â printf(\"Value %d: \", i + 1); Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â scanf(\"%d\", &(data[i])) Â Â Â Â } Â Â Â Â all_match = 1; Â Â Â Â for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â if (arr[i] != arr[9 - i]) { Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â all_match = 0; Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â } Â Â Â Â } Â Â Â Â if (all_match) { Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â printf(\"palindrome\ \"); Â Â Â Â } else { Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â printf(\"no\ \"); Â Â Â Â } }
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The German philosopher Immanuel Kant condemned Utilitarianism as an im.docx
The German philosopher Immanuel Kant condemned Utilitarianism as an immoral ethical theory mainly because:
It does not sufficiently take into account stakeholder interests.
It can morally legitimize pain and suffering and infringement of rights so long as the greater good is achieved.
It is not sufficiently democratic.
It is not as scientific and mathematical as the Utilitarians said.
Solution
It does not sufficiently take into account stakeholder interests.
.
The graph of temperature versus molar mass is given for the hydrides o.docx
The graph of temperature versus molar mass is given for the hydrides of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. The points given are the melting (Mp) and boiling (Bp) points of the hydrides.
The melting and boiling points decrease from hydrogen telluride, H2Te, to hydrogen sulfide, H2S; however, we find an abrupt increase in the melting and boiling points for water. Water shows an abrupt increase in its melting and boiling points because the water molecule has stronger intermolecular forces than the hydrides of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.
Which of the following statements explain this anomalous behavior of water?
Check all that apply.
View Available Hint(s)
Check all that apply.
H20 HoTe Bp 25 Mp Molar mass (g/mol)
Solution
Options (b) and (c) explains the anomalous behaviour.
Due to stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding apart from weak London forces (e.g, Vander Waals forces) that exists in other compounds also there is an abrupt increase in melting and boiling point of water. London forces are weakest forces and therefore, it requires more energy to break hydrogen bonds than to break them.
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The general role of financial intermediaries is to- A-Provide advice t (1).docx
The general role of financial intermediaries is to:
A.Provide advice to consumers on how they should handle their finances.
B.Help ensure there is enough money in circulation.
C.Provide funds to the federal government to finance a trade deficit.
D.Channel money from savers to those who want to borrow.
Solution
D. Channel money from savers to those who want to borrow.
Explaination:
A financial intermediary is a financial institution that borrows from savers and lend to individuals or firms that need resources for investment. The investments made by financial intermediaries can be in loan and/or securities.
The principle role of financial intermediaries is transforming financial assets that are less desirable for a large part of the public into other financial asset, which is preferred more by the public. This transformation involves at least four economical functions: providing maturity intermediation, risk reduction via diversifications, reducing the costs of contracting and information processing and providing a payment mechanism.
.
The general role of financial intermediaries is to- A-Provide advice t.docx
The general role of financial intermediaries is to:
A.Provide advice to consumers on how they should handle their finances.
B. Help ensure there is enough money in circulation.
C.Provide funds to the federal government to finance a trade deficit.
D. Channel money from savers to those who want to borrow.
Solution
D. Channel money from savers to those who want to borrow.
Explaination:
A financial intermediary is a financial institution that borrows from savers and lend to individuals or firms that need resources for investment. The investments made by financial intermediaries can be in loan and/or securities.
The principle role of financial intermediaries is transforming financial assets that are less desirable for a large part of the public into other financial asset, which is preferred more by the public. This transformation involves at least four economical functions: providing maturity intermediation, risk reduction via diversifications, reducing the costs of contracting and information processing and providing a payment mechanism.
.
The functional group RCO2R-' is characteristic of a(n) ____- 1) 2) 3).docx
The functional group RCO 2 R\' is characteristic of a(n) ____.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Solution
1) General formula given is of ESTER.
2) The class of the compound given is PHENOL.
.
The following information pertains to Naomi Campbell Company as of Dec.docx
The following information pertains to Naomi Campbell Company as of December 31, 2011. Assume that all sales were on credit. Accounts receivable (net) as of January 1, 2011 were $35,000 and inventory was $30,000.
Assets
Cash and short-term investments $ 40,000
Accounts receivable (net) 25,000
Inventory 20,000
Property, plant and equipment 210,000
Total Assets $295,000
Liabilities and Stockholders
Solution
Formula for inventory turnover ratio = Cost of goods sold/Average inventory
Given cost of goods sold = $45,000
Average inventory = (Opening stock+ Clsoing stock)/2
=($30,000 + $20,000)/2
= $50,000/2
=$25,000
Substituting the values in the formula
=$45,000/$25,000
=1.8 times.
.
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The G Banking Group recently reported that it was offshoring (moving) its back-office operations from European country D to India where it alreadyhas some significant operations. Centralising most back-office operations in India is part of the Group
Solution
Growth of BRIC Economies
Currently the most important growing economies in the world are Brazil, Russia, India and China and they have come to be known as the BRIC group. The growth of each of these economies contains unique aspects of the history of each country but there are some general factors that have influenced the growth of all four. These include the following:
General factors driving growth
Globalisation
This concept refers to the growing interdependence of countries worldwide and the freedom it gives to firms and individuals to initiate economic transactions with those in other countries. Factors that have contributed to the globalisation process include;
_ developments in electronic communication such as the internet,
_ improvement in transportation such as containerisation and the development of jumbo jets,
_ convergence of tastes through the development of foreign travel and the world wide media,
_ the reduction of trade barriers assisted by organisations like the World Trade Organisation (WTO) enabling the opening up of trade between countries and
_ the growing readiness of multinational enterprises (MNE
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Please do not answer if you-'re unsure of the answer- Thanks!.docx
Please do not answer if you\'re unsure of the answer. Thanks!
Solution
Participate in the intervention
.
Please describe the process of the Implementation of Role-based access.docx
Please describe the process of the Implementation of Role-based access controls for optimal database security. provide instructions on how to implement this process as well as advantages and disadvantages of this type of access. Also explore the many different types of access controls that can be implemented to change the security of databases
Solution
Role based access control mean restricting user access for some resources like nodes,printers,scanners and applications in an organisation/
The main advantages are Authentication, authorization and auditing.
The basic actors of an RBAC are resources,permisiions,users and roles.The model is based on different entites in the system that require permission ,attributes to update and view.
Role based access helps you to decide what roles and permissions to assign for a particular resource.
While giving restrictions there should be list of roles which are one to one related with an entity.
Also itis recomended to use a custom attribute for ever service function.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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