PJ_BLAZAR
•Download as ODP, PDF•
0 likes•158 views
This document presents a project proposal to study the log-normal flux distribution of blazars in the high energy regime. The project aims to understand the micro-physical origin of variability in blazars and particle acceleration dynamics. It provides background on active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their structure, including supermassive black holes, accretion disks, broad and narrow line regions, and molecular tori. It describes blazars as a class of AGN with relativistic jets pointed toward Earth. The computational methodology involves analyzing flux versus count data from RXTE to determine if a log-normal fit better describes the distribution than a normal Gaussian. References are provided on blazar properties, previous studies of log-normal flux
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Agn presentation
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are galaxies with extremely luminous central regions powered by accretion disks around supermassive black holes. The accretion disk is a ring of gas and dust circling the black hole, gradually falling onto it. Astronomers study accretion disks in AGN by observing the radiation emitted across the electromagnetic spectrum as material in the disk heats up before falling into the black hole. A "shrouded" or obscured AGN is one whose accretion disk and black hole are hidden behind thick clouds of dust, but can be detected using infrared observations able to penetrate the dust.
Active Galactic Nuclei
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are galaxies with incredibly bright cores that release more energy than most galaxies. It is believed that at their centers are super-massive black holes that are feeding off surrounding stars and gas, and part of the energy released from this feeding is emitted as bright X-Rays and Gamma Rays. Studying AGN can provide insight into black holes and early galaxies in the universe.
ASTRONOMY
The document summarizes tides, including their causes due to the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon and Sun. It describes the stages of a tidal cycle from flood tide to low tide. It distinguishes between spring tides, which occur during full and new moons when gravitational forces align to produce stronger tides, and neap tides during quarter moons when forces are perpendicular and tides are weaker. Rare proxigean spring tides result from a close and aligned positioning of the Moon.
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: Structure
The document summarizes the structure and components of the solar system. It describes:
1. The solar system formed from a large rotating cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula approximately 4.6 billion years ago. As it contracted, the nebula flattened into a disk and kilometer-sized protoplanets began to form.
2. The solar system consists of the Sun and celestial objects bound to it by gravity, including eight planets composed of rock/metal or gas/hydrogen that orbit in nearly circular paths within the ecliptic plane.
3. Most planets have their own moons, and the gas giants have rings composed of tiny particles orbiting them. The solar system can be divided into
Introduction to astronomy naxxar scouts
The document provides an introduction to astronomy and our solar system. It discusses the 8 planets in our solar system including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It then describes key features of each planet such as their composition, size, and moons. The document also covers other objects in our solar system including asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. It concludes with discussing our sun and provides an overview of astronomy as a hobby.
A1 22 Active Galaxies
Active galaxies can be categorized into three main types: Seyfert galaxies, radio galaxies, and quasars. Seyfert galaxies are active spiral galaxies with non-stellar spectra. Radio galaxies are active elliptical galaxies that also have non-stellar spectra and are strong radio emitters. Quasars are the most luminous active galaxies known, far brighter than normal galaxies, with non-stellar spectra. Centaurus A is the closest active galaxy and provides a unique laboratory for studying these powerful objects, showing evidence of a past merger that fuels activity at its center.
Cosmic distance ladder
Terrence Tao presentation on the cosmic distance ladder. From: http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/the-cosmic-distance-ladder/
Dark matter and dark energy
The document discusses the composition and structure of the universe, focusing on dark matter and dark energy. It explains that dark matter makes up 84.5% of the total matter in the universe and was first discovered in 1933, though its nature remains unknown. Theories suggest dark matter could be composed of supersymmetric particles or exist in a "hidden valley." Additionally, dark energy is thought to make up 70% of the universe and acts as a repulsive force associated with the vacuum of space.
Recommended
Agn presentation
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are galaxies with extremely luminous central regions powered by accretion disks around supermassive black holes. The accretion disk is a ring of gas and dust circling the black hole, gradually falling onto it. Astronomers study accretion disks in AGN by observing the radiation emitted across the electromagnetic spectrum as material in the disk heats up before falling into the black hole. A "shrouded" or obscured AGN is one whose accretion disk and black hole are hidden behind thick clouds of dust, but can be detected using infrared observations able to penetrate the dust.
Active Galactic Nuclei
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are galaxies with incredibly bright cores that release more energy than most galaxies. It is believed that at their centers are super-massive black holes that are feeding off surrounding stars and gas, and part of the energy released from this feeding is emitted as bright X-Rays and Gamma Rays. Studying AGN can provide insight into black holes and early galaxies in the universe.
ASTRONOMY
The document summarizes tides, including their causes due to the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon and Sun. It describes the stages of a tidal cycle from flood tide to low tide. It distinguishes between spring tides, which occur during full and new moons when gravitational forces align to produce stronger tides, and neap tides during quarter moons when forces are perpendicular and tides are weaker. Rare proxigean spring tides result from a close and aligned positioning of the Moon.
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: Structure
The document summarizes the structure and components of the solar system. It describes:
1. The solar system formed from a large rotating cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula approximately 4.6 billion years ago. As it contracted, the nebula flattened into a disk and kilometer-sized protoplanets began to form.
2. The solar system consists of the Sun and celestial objects bound to it by gravity, including eight planets composed of rock/metal or gas/hydrogen that orbit in nearly circular paths within the ecliptic plane.
3. Most planets have their own moons, and the gas giants have rings composed of tiny particles orbiting them. The solar system can be divided into
Introduction to astronomy naxxar scouts
The document provides an introduction to astronomy and our solar system. It discusses the 8 planets in our solar system including Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. It then describes key features of each planet such as their composition, size, and moons. The document also covers other objects in our solar system including asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. It concludes with discussing our sun and provides an overview of astronomy as a hobby.
A1 22 Active Galaxies
Active galaxies can be categorized into three main types: Seyfert galaxies, radio galaxies, and quasars. Seyfert galaxies are active spiral galaxies with non-stellar spectra. Radio galaxies are active elliptical galaxies that also have non-stellar spectra and are strong radio emitters. Quasars are the most luminous active galaxies known, far brighter than normal galaxies, with non-stellar spectra. Centaurus A is the closest active galaxy and provides a unique laboratory for studying these powerful objects, showing evidence of a past merger that fuels activity at its center.
Cosmic distance ladder
Terrence Tao presentation on the cosmic distance ladder. From: http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/the-cosmic-distance-ladder/
Dark matter and dark energy
The document discusses the composition and structure of the universe, focusing on dark matter and dark energy. It explains that dark matter makes up 84.5% of the total matter in the universe and was first discovered in 1933, though its nature remains unknown. Theories suggest dark matter could be composed of supersymmetric particles or exist in a "hidden valley." Additionally, dark energy is thought to make up 70% of the universe and acts as a repulsive force associated with the vacuum of space.
Astronomy - Notes
The document provides an overview of astronomy and the progression of models of the universe. It discusses early geocentric models with Earth at the center, Copernicus' heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center, and Kepler's model showing elliptical orbits. Newton later explained gravitational forces and inertia keeping planets in orbit. The effects of Earth's rotation and revolution are described, including day/night cycles and the seasons.
The milky way galaxy
The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy that contains the solar system and Earth. It is estimated to be 100,000 light years in diameter and contains millions to billions of stars. The galaxy is composed of a disk, halo, and central bulge. Spiral arms in the disk contain dense clouds of gas and dust where new stars are forming. The sun orbits near the edge of the disk at a distance of about 8.2 kiloparsecs from the galactic center. All elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were produced through nuclear fusion in earlier generations of stars within the Milky Way over billions of years.
Dark matter and dark energy
Dark matter is invisible matter that makes up 80% of the universe and affects the rotational speeds of galaxies and gravitational lensing. Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that covers the universe, increases its expansion rate, and makes up 73% of its energy. While both are unseen and little is known about them, dark matter is matter that affects galaxies whereas dark energy is energy that affects the universe's expansion.
Solar system PPT
The document summarizes the key components of the solar system. It describes the terrestrial and Jovian planets, asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. It also outlines theories for how the solar system formed from an initial nebula of dust and gas, including how planets condensed from this nebula via accumulation of dust particles and subsequent collisions of planetesimals over hundreds of millions of years.
Galaxies (normal and active)
1) The document discusses different types of galaxies including elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies. It also discusses measuring properties of galaxies such as distance, diameter, luminosity, and mass.
2) Active galactic nuclei and supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies are described. Mass flowing into the black hole can form disks and jets that emit energy across the electromagnetic spectrum.
3) The evolution of galaxies over time is discussed, including how collisions and mergers of galaxies have shaped galaxy formation since the early universe. Galaxy clusters and interactions between galaxies are also summarized.
Mars
The document summarizes key facts about the planet Mars. It describes Mars' thin carbon dioxide atmosphere, cold temperatures, lower gravity than Earth, two small moons named Phobos and Deimos, and red color caused by iron dust. It also notes that Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, and the largest canyon, Valles Marineris. The document discusses past missions to Mars and ongoing exploration by rovers like Curiosity, which is still active on the surface.
ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE.pdf
This document discusses the origin of the universe from a scientific perspective. It begins by defining cosmology and astronomy, then outlines several historical theories about the structure of the universe from figures like Aristotle, Ptolemy and Copernicus. It also summarizes contributions from scientists such as Kepler, Newton, Galileo, Einstein and Hubble, who provided evidence that the universe is not geocentric, but heliocentric. Their work established modern understandings of the formation and expansion of the universe through discoveries like other galaxies, quasars and pulsars.
Conodont
Christian Heinrich Pander first described conodonts in 1859, originally thinking they were small fish teeth. Later hypotheses suggested they came from various worm, mollusk, and arthropod groups. By the 1970s, the prevailing hypotheses were that conodonts were related to polychaete worms or chordates. The study examines Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous conodonts from deepwater deposits in the Komi Science Center region. Fieldwork was conducted to collect samples, which were then studied using microscopes. A variety of conodont genera including Polygnathus, Palmatolepis, and Pseudopolygnathus were identified. The objectives were to analyze the conodont fauna, establish a z
Stars
Stars originate from swirling clouds of gas and dust that condense under gravity to form dense spheres called protostars. As protostars gain mass through accretion, the internal pressure and temperature rises until nuclear fusion of hydrogen begins, forming a main sequence star. Over its lifetime, a main sequence star fuses hydrogen into helium in its core. More massive stars end as supernovae, leaving behind neutron stars or black holes, while less massive stars expand into red giants and later shed their outer layers, leaving behind a fading white dwarf.
Presentacion sobre el Universo
En las diapositivas siguientes se mostrara una serie de información sobre el universo, la cual contendrá temas muy interesantes desde su origen hasta de cómo está compuesto (galaxias, asteroides, cometas, planetas etc.…)
Espero y esta información recopilada de diferentes paginas web les pueda ser muy útil en su formación académica y poder aclarar sus dudas respecto al universo.
Geo,paleomagnetism
Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism are the two main divisions of magnetism in geophysics and geology. Geomagnetism deals with using magnetism to explore subsurface structures like minerals, basement rocks, and salt domes. Paleomagnetism studies the history of Earth's magnetic field and poles to understand rock histories and plate tectonics. Magnetism in rocks comes from ferromagnetic minerals like magnetite aligning their atomic magnets to retain magnetization even after the magnetic field is removed. This remanent magnetization can provide information about ancient field orientations and plate motions.
Galaxies. Quasars. lecture notes chapter 20
Galaxies often interact and collide due to their close proximity. Collisions trigger intense bursts of star formation and can destroy spiral arms. Over time, collisions and mergers drive the evolution of galaxies, with giant elliptical galaxies forming from the merging of many smaller galaxies through a process called galactic cannibalism. Active galactic nuclei are powered by accretion disks around supermassive black holes, and phenomena such as jets, lobes, and broad emission lines provide evidence of black holes at the centers of galaxies.
Saturn report
Saturn is the 6th planet from the Sun and 2nd largest planet in our Solar System. It is a gas giant made primarily of hydrogen and helium that spins very quickly, causing it to be flattened at the poles. Saturn is most notable for its intricate system of rings, comprised of ice particles and dust. Galileo first observed Saturn's rings in 1610, though he incorrectly thought they were moons on either side of the planet. Saturn has over 60 moons, many of which have been explored by space probes like Pioneer, Voyager, and Cassini-Huygens.
Mangalyaan - wiki
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, is India's first interplanetary mission, which aims to demonstrate technologies required for designing and operating an orbiter mission to Mars. Launched in 2013 aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle from Sriharikota, India, MOM entered orbit around Mars in 2014, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars. The mission carries scientific instruments to study the Martian surface, atmosphere and climate. If successful, MOM will make India the fourth space agency to place a spacecraft in orbit around Mars.
The origins of the universe
The document provides a summary of modern scientific theories about the origins of the universe from the Big Bang to the formation of stars and galaxies. It discusses how after the Big Bang around 13 billion years ago, the universe rapidly expanded from an incredibly small and hot size. Around 300,000 years later, the first atoms like hydrogen and helium formed as the universe continued expanding and cooling. Gravity eventually pulled matter together, forming dense clouds that collapsed under their own weight and spawned the first stars and galaxies. Our own solar system formed around 4.6 billion years ago from the debris of the Sun.
Milky way galaxy
The Milky Way galaxy is our home galaxy, which contains over 100 billion stars. It is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 120,000 light years in diameter. The Solar System is located in one of the galaxy's spiral arms, about 27,000 light years from the galactic core. In the future, it is expected that the Milky Way will collide and merge with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy in 3-4 billion years.
Earth and Life Science - The Solar System
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the content about the Solar System. This is also where you would find some infos about planets and other astronomical bodies.
Introduction to Astronomy Notes
The scientific study of the universe has evolved over time as new evidence and theories have emerged. Originally, it was thought that Earth was at the center of the universe with objects orbiting in perfect circles (Geocentric model). However, observations found inconsistencies, such as retrograde motion of planets. Ptolemy proposed adding spheres to explain orbits, while Copernicus suggested a sun-centered model (Heliocentric model). Kepler later determined planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus. Galileo's telescope provided new evidence supporting Copernicus, while the Big Bang theory describes the origin of the universe.
Voyager 1 & 2
Voyager 1 and 2 were NASA probes launched in 1977 to study Jupiter and Saturn. They explored these planets, taking the first close-up pictures. Voyager 2 also studied Uranus and Neptune, becoming the only probes to visit those outer planets. The Voyagers continue their journey into interstellar space, making them humanity's furthest voyages.
Life cycle of a star
Stars are born from contracting nebulae of gas and dust. They spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores. Eventually they run out of fuel in their cores and their outer layers expand, forming red giants or supergiants. From there, smaller stars shed their outer layers to form planetary nebulae and white dwarfs, while larger stars explode as supernovae, leaving behind neutron stars or black holes.
Astro9995 report
This document describes an ongoing study of young quasars to understand active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The study uses optical data from the Large Binocular Telescope and its Large Binocular Camera to observe 33 obscured, radio-loud quasar targets selected from infrared and radio surveys. The targets span redshifts from 1.4 to 3 and may show evidence of radiative or quasar-mode feedback through interactions between newly formed radio jets and the interstellar medium. Understanding AGN feedback can provide insights into the evolution of galaxies and the universe.
NNBAR SESAPS PRESENTATION FINAL
1) DUNE aims to resolve the matter-antimatter asymmetry by searching for neutron-antineutron oscillations, a baryon number violating process.
2) Simulations of atmospheric neutrino backgrounds that could mimic the signal are underway using GENIE to determine the viability of detecting oscillations above background levels.
3) If viable, the analysis will consider effects of cosmogenic muons and fast neutrons, with generators for neutron-antineutron interactions in argon under construction.
More Related Content
What's hot
Astronomy - Notes
The document provides an overview of astronomy and the progression of models of the universe. It discusses early geocentric models with Earth at the center, Copernicus' heliocentric model placing the Sun at the center, and Kepler's model showing elliptical orbits. Newton later explained gravitational forces and inertia keeping planets in orbit. The effects of Earth's rotation and revolution are described, including day/night cycles and the seasons.
The milky way galaxy
The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral galaxy that contains the solar system and Earth. It is estimated to be 100,000 light years in diameter and contains millions to billions of stars. The galaxy is composed of a disk, halo, and central bulge. Spiral arms in the disk contain dense clouds of gas and dust where new stars are forming. The sun orbits near the edge of the disk at a distance of about 8.2 kiloparsecs from the galactic center. All elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were produced through nuclear fusion in earlier generations of stars within the Milky Way over billions of years.
Dark matter and dark energy
Dark matter is invisible matter that makes up 80% of the universe and affects the rotational speeds of galaxies and gravitational lensing. Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that covers the universe, increases its expansion rate, and makes up 73% of its energy. While both are unseen and little is known about them, dark matter is matter that affects galaxies whereas dark energy is energy that affects the universe's expansion.
Solar system PPT
The document summarizes the key components of the solar system. It describes the terrestrial and Jovian planets, asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. It also outlines theories for how the solar system formed from an initial nebula of dust and gas, including how planets condensed from this nebula via accumulation of dust particles and subsequent collisions of planetesimals over hundreds of millions of years.
Galaxies (normal and active)
1) The document discusses different types of galaxies including elliptical, spiral, and irregular galaxies. It also discusses measuring properties of galaxies such as distance, diameter, luminosity, and mass.
2) Active galactic nuclei and supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies are described. Mass flowing into the black hole can form disks and jets that emit energy across the electromagnetic spectrum.
3) The evolution of galaxies over time is discussed, including how collisions and mergers of galaxies have shaped galaxy formation since the early universe. Galaxy clusters and interactions between galaxies are also summarized.
Mars
The document summarizes key facts about the planet Mars. It describes Mars' thin carbon dioxide atmosphere, cold temperatures, lower gravity than Earth, two small moons named Phobos and Deimos, and red color caused by iron dust. It also notes that Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, and the largest canyon, Valles Marineris. The document discusses past missions to Mars and ongoing exploration by rovers like Curiosity, which is still active on the surface.
ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE.pdf
This document discusses the origin of the universe from a scientific perspective. It begins by defining cosmology and astronomy, then outlines several historical theories about the structure of the universe from figures like Aristotle, Ptolemy and Copernicus. It also summarizes contributions from scientists such as Kepler, Newton, Galileo, Einstein and Hubble, who provided evidence that the universe is not geocentric, but heliocentric. Their work established modern understandings of the formation and expansion of the universe through discoveries like other galaxies, quasars and pulsars.
Conodont
Christian Heinrich Pander first described conodonts in 1859, originally thinking they were small fish teeth. Later hypotheses suggested they came from various worm, mollusk, and arthropod groups. By the 1970s, the prevailing hypotheses were that conodonts were related to polychaete worms or chordates. The study examines Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous conodonts from deepwater deposits in the Komi Science Center region. Fieldwork was conducted to collect samples, which were then studied using microscopes. A variety of conodont genera including Polygnathus, Palmatolepis, and Pseudopolygnathus were identified. The objectives were to analyze the conodont fauna, establish a z
Stars
Stars originate from swirling clouds of gas and dust that condense under gravity to form dense spheres called protostars. As protostars gain mass through accretion, the internal pressure and temperature rises until nuclear fusion of hydrogen begins, forming a main sequence star. Over its lifetime, a main sequence star fuses hydrogen into helium in its core. More massive stars end as supernovae, leaving behind neutron stars or black holes, while less massive stars expand into red giants and later shed their outer layers, leaving behind a fading white dwarf.
Presentacion sobre el Universo
En las diapositivas siguientes se mostrara una serie de información sobre el universo, la cual contendrá temas muy interesantes desde su origen hasta de cómo está compuesto (galaxias, asteroides, cometas, planetas etc.…)
Espero y esta información recopilada de diferentes paginas web les pueda ser muy útil en su formación académica y poder aclarar sus dudas respecto al universo.
Geo,paleomagnetism
Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism are the two main divisions of magnetism in geophysics and geology. Geomagnetism deals with using magnetism to explore subsurface structures like minerals, basement rocks, and salt domes. Paleomagnetism studies the history of Earth's magnetic field and poles to understand rock histories and plate tectonics. Magnetism in rocks comes from ferromagnetic minerals like magnetite aligning their atomic magnets to retain magnetization even after the magnetic field is removed. This remanent magnetization can provide information about ancient field orientations and plate motions.
Galaxies. Quasars. lecture notes chapter 20
Galaxies often interact and collide due to their close proximity. Collisions trigger intense bursts of star formation and can destroy spiral arms. Over time, collisions and mergers drive the evolution of galaxies, with giant elliptical galaxies forming from the merging of many smaller galaxies through a process called galactic cannibalism. Active galactic nuclei are powered by accretion disks around supermassive black holes, and phenomena such as jets, lobes, and broad emission lines provide evidence of black holes at the centers of galaxies.
Saturn report
Saturn is the 6th planet from the Sun and 2nd largest planet in our Solar System. It is a gas giant made primarily of hydrogen and helium that spins very quickly, causing it to be flattened at the poles. Saturn is most notable for its intricate system of rings, comprised of ice particles and dust. Galileo first observed Saturn's rings in 1610, though he incorrectly thought they were moons on either side of the planet. Saturn has over 60 moons, many of which have been explored by space probes like Pioneer, Voyager, and Cassini-Huygens.
Mangalyaan - wiki
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan, is India's first interplanetary mission, which aims to demonstrate technologies required for designing and operating an orbiter mission to Mars. Launched in 2013 aboard a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle from Sriharikota, India, MOM entered orbit around Mars in 2014, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars. The mission carries scientific instruments to study the Martian surface, atmosphere and climate. If successful, MOM will make India the fourth space agency to place a spacecraft in orbit around Mars.
The origins of the universe
The document provides a summary of modern scientific theories about the origins of the universe from the Big Bang to the formation of stars and galaxies. It discusses how after the Big Bang around 13 billion years ago, the universe rapidly expanded from an incredibly small and hot size. Around 300,000 years later, the first atoms like hydrogen and helium formed as the universe continued expanding and cooling. Gravity eventually pulled matter together, forming dense clouds that collapsed under their own weight and spawned the first stars and galaxies. Our own solar system formed around 4.6 billion years ago from the debris of the Sun.
Milky way galaxy
The Milky Way galaxy is our home galaxy, which contains over 100 billion stars. It is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 120,000 light years in diameter. The Solar System is located in one of the galaxy's spiral arms, about 27,000 light years from the galactic core. In the future, it is expected that the Milky Way will collide and merge with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy in 3-4 billion years.
Earth and Life Science - The Solar System
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the content about the Solar System. This is also where you would find some infos about planets and other astronomical bodies.
Introduction to Astronomy Notes
The scientific study of the universe has evolved over time as new evidence and theories have emerged. Originally, it was thought that Earth was at the center of the universe with objects orbiting in perfect circles (Geocentric model). However, observations found inconsistencies, such as retrograde motion of planets. Ptolemy proposed adding spheres to explain orbits, while Copernicus suggested a sun-centered model (Heliocentric model). Kepler later determined planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus. Galileo's telescope provided new evidence supporting Copernicus, while the Big Bang theory describes the origin of the universe.
Voyager 1 & 2
Voyager 1 and 2 were NASA probes launched in 1977 to study Jupiter and Saturn. They explored these planets, taking the first close-up pictures. Voyager 2 also studied Uranus and Neptune, becoming the only probes to visit those outer planets. The Voyagers continue their journey into interstellar space, making them humanity's furthest voyages.
Life cycle of a star
Stars are born from contracting nebulae of gas and dust. They spend most of their lives on the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores. Eventually they run out of fuel in their cores and their outer layers expand, forming red giants or supergiants. From there, smaller stars shed their outer layers to form planetary nebulae and white dwarfs, while larger stars explode as supernovae, leaving behind neutron stars or black holes.
What's hot (20)
Similar to PJ_BLAZAR
Astro9995 report
This document describes an ongoing study of young quasars to understand active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The study uses optical data from the Large Binocular Telescope and its Large Binocular Camera to observe 33 obscured, radio-loud quasar targets selected from infrared and radio surveys. The targets span redshifts from 1.4 to 3 and may show evidence of radiative or quasar-mode feedback through interactions between newly formed radio jets and the interstellar medium. Understanding AGN feedback can provide insights into the evolution of galaxies and the universe.
NNBAR SESAPS PRESENTATION FINAL
1) DUNE aims to resolve the matter-antimatter asymmetry by searching for neutron-antineutron oscillations, a baryon number violating process.
2) Simulations of atmospheric neutrino backgrounds that could mimic the signal are underway using GENIE to determine the viability of detecting oscillations above background levels.
3) If viable, the analysis will consider effects of cosmogenic muons and fast neutrons, with generators for neutron-antineutron interactions in argon under construction.
Micro asteroidprospector
The document proposes a design called MAPPER (Micro Asteroid Prospector Powered by Energetic Radioisotopes) to catalogue resources in the Main Asteroid Belt using a fleet of small, inexpensive spacecraft over 20 years. Key aspects discussed include using 232U radioisotope power systems, microwave thrusters for propulsion and extracting water from asteroids, neutron and gamma detectors to analyze composition, tagging asteroids with radioisotopes, and preliminary optimization findings. Overall conclusions are that a host of MAPPER platforms could survey a significant fraction of asteroids and their land area could equal a major fraction of Earth's surface area.
14.40 o2 p allfrey
Heavy ion collisions at the LHC and CMS experiment allow study of quark-gluon plasma. CMS observes jet quenching where back-to-back jets have unequal energies due to energy loss in the plasma. Suppression of excited upsilon states is also observed, indicating screening effects from the high temperature plasma. A global grid computing system distributes computing and storage needs for the large data from LHC across centers worldwide.
Superconductive Radiation Space Shielding
This document discusses the use of superconductive magnetic shielding for radiation protection on exploration missions. It describes the radiation risks faced during long-duration space travel and proposes active magnetic shielding as a solution. Magnetic shield configurations like toroidal and solenoidal fields are examined, with previous modeling showing a racetrack toroid could provide effective shielding against galactic cosmic rays if its magnetic field strength and radius products reach approximately 15 Tm. Mechanical and structural design challenges for magnet systems in space are also addressed.
Gwendolyn Eadie: A New Method for Time Series Analysis in Astronomy with an A...
1. The document describes a new method called Multitaper + Lomb-Scargle (MTLS) for estimating the power spectrum of unevenly sampled time series data, such as that from astronomical observations.
2. MTLS combines the Multitaper method, which reduces spectral leakage and variance, with the Lomb-Scargle method, which can handle uneven sampling times.
3. The document provides an example application of MTLS to estimate the power spectrum of a red giant star using Kepler telescope lightcurve data, finding an improvement over the standard Lomb-Scargle method.
Presentation-Multi-Wavelength Analysis of Active Galactic Nuclei
This document discusses active galactic nuclei (AGN) across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma-rays. It describes various classifications of AGN like Seyfert galaxies, quasars, and radio galaxies. It discusses emission mechanisms in different wavelength regimes from infrared dust emission to broad emission lines in the optical. It also introduces the unified model of AGN where differences are explained by orientation and obscuration effects rather than distinct phenomena.
Distributed Data Processing using Spark by Panos Labropoulos_and Sarod Yataw...
Spark can help with distributed data processing for radio astronomy in three key ways:
1. It allows for in-memory distributed processing of very large datasets across clusters in a fault-tolerant manner, avoiding unnecessary data movement. This is crucial for processing the exabytes of data expected from projects like the Square Kilometer Array.
2. Spark supports iterative algorithms well through its Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs) abstraction, which is important for techniques like calibration and deconvolution.
3. Spark can implement consensus-based distributed optimization algorithms to help with calibration, allowing information to be collectively optimized from data distributed across a network.
Proton beam therapy
1) Proton beam therapy uses protons accelerated to high energies to treat tumors. Protons deposit most of their energy at a specific depth, known as the Bragg peak.
2) Two main methods are used to deliver proton beams - passive scattering and pencil beam scanning. Passive scattering uses scattering materials to broaden the beam while scanning uses magnets to scan a narrow beam across the target area.
3) Treatment planning involves determining the appropriate spread-out Bragg peak depth and margins around the target. Proton therapy allows reducing the dose to nearby healthy tissues compared to photon therapies in some cases.
bài Giếng lượng tử trong cơ học lượng tử
This document discusses quantum wells, including their definition, fabrication, and applications. It begins by defining a quantum well as a 2D structure where an electron is confined in one direction within a smaller bandgap layer sandwiched between larger bandgap layers. Common materials used are GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. Fabrication techniques discussed are molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition. Applications mentioned are quantum well lasers, which can have lower threshold currents than conventional lasers, and quantum well detectors such as avalanche photodiodes whose performance can be improved using multi-quantum well structures.
A New Theoretical Approach to LENR Usint the BSM-SG Atomic Models.
The new approach provides practical considerations for selection of the elements and their isotopes suitable for cold fusion energy and minimization of the radioactive waste.
Howard nov99
This document proposes the Planetary-Scale Astronomical Bench (PAB), which would place astronomical instruments at the Jovian Lagrange points L4 and L5 for long-term observation. These points provide stable orbital locations about 60 degrees ahead and behind Jupiter. The PAB could enable high-precision astrometry across its ~9 AU baseline, as well as aperture synthesis interferometry and other applications. Initial concept studies suggest station configurations with multiple 10-100m class telescopes could achieve angular resolutions exceeding any current plans. Significant technological advances would be required, but the PAB could advance astronomy through new observational capabilities.
Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks
Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization—the only range available until now—probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier1–3, and hence do not directly explore the acceleration mechanism, as could X-ray measurements. Here we report the detection of X-ray polarization from the blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). We measure an X-ray linear polarization degree ΠX of around 10%, which is a factor of around 2 higher than the value at optical wavelengths, with a polarization angle parallel to the radio jet. This points to a shock front as the source of particle acceleration and also implies that the plasma becomes increasingly turbulent with distance from the shock.
1379 bickford[2]
This document discusses extracting antimatter from planetary magnetic fields. It outlines that small amounts of antimatter exist naturally in planetary magnetospheres due to cosmic ray interactions. The Earth traps around 0.25 nanograms of antiprotons in its radiation belts. Saturn may trap hundreds of milligrams in its rings due to increased production. Future work will model antimatter production and trapping at Jupiter and Saturn to better estimate available resources. A magnetic scoop could funnel antimatter along field lines to concentrate it for collection.
Progress_report_May_3rd_2016_PDF
The document summarizes the MiniCLEAN experiment, which aims to test a liquid argon detector design for dark matter searches. MiniCLEAN has completed construction and is undergoing commissioning. Key points include:
- MiniCLEAN will study light yield, position reconstruction, and background rejection techniques in liquid argon using a 500 kg detector.
- Construction is complete and cooling of the detector is underway. Analyses of LED calibration data and cryopit vacuum data are ongoing.
- Expected performance is a light yield of 6 photons/keV and background rate below 1 event/year in the fiducial volume. This would allow a WIMP sensitivity down to a cross-section of ~10^-10 pb.
TNO poster final
The document discusses two proposed missions to minor planets past Neptune. Mission 1 would launch in 2038 and arrive at Haumea in 2055, traveling 16.45 years. Mission 2 would launch in 2027 and first arrive at Huya in 2047 after 19.86 years, then continue on to Quaoar, arriving in 2054 after a total flight time of 26.74 years. Both missions would utilize a Jupiter flyby for assistance and carry scientific instruments to analyze the composition and properties of the target objects.
NUCLEAR SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY.TOOBA ayub ,0291-BH-CHEM-20..pdf
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique that uses radio waves to study atomic nuclei and their magnetic properties. It provides detailed information about molecular structure. NMR works by applying a strong magnetic field to align nuclear spins, then applying a second radio frequency field to excite the spins. The excited spins relax back to equilibrium at frequencies specific to their chemical environment. This allows NMR to distinguish different nuclear environments within a molecule. The document outlines the basic theory, principles, instrumentation, and applications of NMR spectroscopy, including structure elucidation, medical uses like MRI, and determining physical and chemical properties of molecules.
Probing the innermost_regions_of_agn_jets_and_their_magnetic_fields_with_radi...
Desde 1974, observações feitas com o chamado Long Baseline Interferometry, ou VLBI, combinaram sinais de um objeto cósmico recebidos em diferentes rádio telescópios espalhados pelo globo para criar uma antena com o tamanho equivalente à maior separação entre elas. Isso fez com que fosse possível fazer imagens com uma nitidez sem precedentes, com uma resolução 1000 vezes melhor do que Hubble consegue na luz visível. Agora, uma equipe internacional de astrônomos quebrou todos os recordes combinando 15 rádio telescópios na Terra e a antena de rádio da missão RadioAstron, da agência espacial russa, na órbita da Terra. O trabalho, liderado pelo Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, o IAA-CSIC, forneceu novas ideias sobre a natureza das galáxias ativas, onde um buraco negro extremamente massivo engole a matéria ao redor enquanto simultaneamente emite um par de jatos de partículas de alta energia e campos magnéticos a velocidades próximas da velocidade da luz.
Observações feitas no comprimento de onda das micro-ondas são essenciais para explorar esses jatos, já que os elétrons de alta energia se movendo em campos magnéticos são mais proficientes em produzir micro-ondas. Mas a maioria das galáxias ativas com jatos brilhantes estão a bilhões de anos-luz de distância da Terra, de modo que esses jatos são minúsculos no céu. Desse modo a alta resolução é essencial para observar esses jatos em ação e então revelar fenômenos como as ondas de choque e a turbulência que controla o quanto de luz é produzida num dado tempo. “Combinando pela primeira vez rádio telescópios na Terra com rádio telescópios no espaço, operando na máxima resolução, tem permitido que a nossa equipe crie uma antena que tem um tamanho equivalente a 8 vezes o diâmetro da Terra, correspondendo a 20 micro arcos de segundo”, disse José L; Gómez, o líder da equipe no Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, IAA-CSIC.
Copper (775) - an optics, 2PPE, and Bulk state simulation study
My earlier studies on Cu(775) - a tilt cut highly crystalline copper surface using ultrafast femtosecond laser based 2-photon photoemission and its related simulation via Fortran 77.
Jodutt JRI Poster (viewable)
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has the ability to map subsurface geological structures and detect variations in moisture that could help understand geothermal exploration. However, GPR is limited to shallow depths of less than 50 meters, where most geothermal reservoirs are located. This study uses GPR data from Beijing to create digital models of the subsurface and identify potential geothermal indicators like quartz sinters. The results demonstrate GPR's capability to detect geochemical markers associated with geothermal activity and map prospective geothermal reservoir locations. While GPR has limitations for deep exploration, it shows potential as a new efficient tool for initial geothermal prospecting.
Similar to PJ_BLAZAR (20)
Gwendolyn Eadie: A New Method for Time Series Analysis in Astronomy with an A...
Gwendolyn Eadie: A New Method for Time Series Analysis in Astronomy with an A...
Presentation-Multi-Wavelength Analysis of Active Galactic Nuclei
Presentation-Multi-Wavelength Analysis of Active Galactic Nuclei
Distributed Data Processing using Spark by Panos Labropoulos_and Sarod Yataw...
Distributed Data Processing using Spark by Panos Labropoulos_and Sarod Yataw...
A New Theoretical Approach to LENR Usint the BSM-SG Atomic Models.
A New Theoretical Approach to LENR Usint the BSM-SG Atomic Models.
Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks
Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks
NUCLEAR SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY.TOOBA ayub ,0291-BH-CHEM-20..pdf
NUCLEAR SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY.TOOBA ayub ,0291-BH-CHEM-20..pdf
Probing the innermost_regions_of_agn_jets_and_their_magnetic_fields_with_radi...
Probing the innermost_regions_of_agn_jets_and_their_magnetic_fields_with_radi...
Copper (775) - an optics, 2PPE, and Bulk state simulation study
Copper (775) - an optics, 2PPE, and Bulk state simulation study
Recently uploaded
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Solutons Maths Escape Room Spatial .pptx
Solutions of Puzzles of Mathematics Escape Room Game in Spatial.io
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Recently uploaded (20)
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
PJ_BLAZAR
- 1. Project Title: Log-Normal Flux Distribution of Blazars in the High Energy Regime By - Paragjyoti Sut Roll No. PHY17017 Supervisor – Dr. Rupjyoti Gogoi Co-Guide : Rukaiya Khatoon Department of Physics, Tezpur University
- 2. Contents ● Motivation of the Project ● What is AGN ● Structure of AGN ● Classes of AGN ● Blazars ● Computational Methology and Future Plan
- 3. Motivation of The Project ● To study the flux distribution of Blazar . ● We can have the idea of Micro-Physical origin of the variability of these Blazar. ● We can understand the dynamics of particle acceleration.
- 4. What are AGN ? The luminosity of the nucleus of a galaxy more than 1044 erg/s which exceeds the overall luminosity of the entire host galaxy. This nucleus is known as Active Galactic Nucleus. This is powered by accretion onto supermassive black hole.
- 5. Structure of AGN ● Central SMBH having hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses M .☉ ● An accretion disk formed by cold material close to the black hole. ● A broad line region (BLR) where the broad and optical/UV lines are produced.
- 6. Structure of AGN ● A narrow line region (NLR), which is located at ~100-300 pc from the SMBH, where the narrow optical lines are created. ● A molecular torus, which is located within few parsecs from the SMBH.
- 7. Classes of AGN: Blazar
- 8. Properties of Blazars ● An AGN with a relativistic jet directed very nearly towards earth. ● Much brighter due to relativistic beaming. ● Considered as the source of high energy gamma ray photos. ● Highly variable sources ● Exhibit apparent superluminal motion.
- 9. Types of Blazars 1) BL Lacs : ● Rapid and and large amplitude flux variability. 2) FSRQ : ● Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars ● Rare ● Output light can change by 50% in a day. ● Stronger broad emission lines than BL Lac.
- 10. Normal And Log-Normal Distribution
- 11. Computational Methodology ● Download data set ( Flux vs count) from RXTE website. ● Do Anderson-Darlington test using R-package. If p>0.001, otherwise take logarithim. Then, if p>0.01, proceed further. ● Make histogram using python code. ● Plot gaussian function in GNU plot. ● Chi-square test value must be <2. Otherwise replot. ● Plot log-normal function to reduce skewness.
- 12. References ● A brief Lecture on Blazars; Luigi CostamanteLuigi Costamante,, Stanford University ● Log-normal flux distribution of bright Fermi blazars;Z. Shah and et. al ; Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics; June 2018 ● Lognormal flux variability in blazars: Observations and Implications; A Sinha; Dept of HEP, TIFR ● Theoretical Understanding of Blazars;Chuck Dermer (Naval Research Laboratory) ● Active Galactic Nuclei; Wikipedia.
- 13. Thank you