The document provides information about various architectural, construction, and engineering terms: 1. HVAC describes heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems that provide thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The V refers to ventilation through air exchange. 2. LEED is a green building certification program used worldwide that aims to promote environmentally responsible construction. 3. RCC refers to reinforced cement concrete, where concrete's low tensile strength is compensated for by steel reinforcement. 4. FFL denotes the finished floor level once construction is complete but before flooring is installed. 5. Architecture involves designing buildings and structures through applying artistic and scientific principles.

1. HVAC- Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and
vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable
indoor air quality. The V in HVAC, or ventilation, is the process of replacing or
exchanging air within a space.

2. ASI – Archaeological Survey of India
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or
epigraphs, as writing

3. LEED – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a green building certification program used
worldwide.
Developed by the non-profit U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
It includes a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green
buildings, homes, and neighborhoods.
It aims to help building owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently.
Certification level
Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification:
Certified: 40-49 points
Silver: 50-59 points
Gold: 60-79 points
Platinum: 80 points and above

4. GRIHA – Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

5. ACE – Artificial Construction and Engineering
Architeture Construction and
Engineering

6. Architecture is the process, or profession, of designing buildings and their
environments.
The root of the word architecture is the Greek arkhitekton ("master builder"),
ancient Greeks were very skilled at architecture which reflects from their columns
designs, stadiums and temples etc.
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical
structures.
A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment from
the macro level of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the
micro level of construction details and, sometimes, furniture.
Ar. – Architecture

7. RCC – Reinforced Concrete Cement
Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC), is a
composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility
are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength
or ductility.
USED IN
Reinforced concrete is being used for the construction of foundations to the
rooftops of buildings,
In the construction of highways,
Precast structures,
Floating structures,
Hydro-power tunnels,
Irrigation canals,
Drains, and all other structures.
A grade of concrete with 20 MPa strength,
it will be denoted by M20, where M stands for Mix.
These grade of concrete is converted into various mix
proportions.

8. FFL – Finished Floor Level
Finished floor level (FFL) refers to the uppermost surface of a floor once
construction has been completed but before any finishes have been applied.

9. PCC – Plain Cement Concrete
The objective of plain cement concrete PCC is to arrange a firm impermeable bed to RCC in the
foundation where the soil is soft and flexible.
It is also known as Cement Concrete (CC) or Blinding Concrete.
When, any reinforcement is not used inside the concrete, it is defined as the plain cement
concrete.

10. DPC – Damp Proof Course
The damp proof course (DPC) is generally applied at basement levels, which restricts
the movement of moisture through walls and floors.
is generally applied at basement levels, which restricts the movement of moisture
through walls and floors and plinths to avoid to capillary action, due to the sub soil
water sometimes which rises into the walls of buildings, against gravity, and
indicates dampness.
Materials widely used for damp proofing include: Flexible materials
like rubber, hot bitumen (asphalt), plastic sheets, bituminous felts, sheets of lead,
copper, etc.

11. AAC – Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is made with fine aggregates, cement, and an
expansion agent that causes the fresh mixture to rise like bread dough.
This type of concrete contains 80 percent air. In the factory where it is made, the
material is molded and cut into precisely dimensioned units.

12. STP – Sewage Treatment Plant
The term Sewage is used to describe all types of wastewater generated from domestic
dwellings.
There are two types of sewage: blackwater, or wastewater from toilets, and graywater, which
is wastewater from all domestic sources except toilets.
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from domestic and municipal
wastewater, containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater.
Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and produce
treated wastewater (or treated effluent) that is safe enough for release into the environment.

13. Asphalt Concrete is a composite material commonly used in
construction of roads,
highways,
airports,
parking lots, and many other types of pavement.
It is commonly called simply asphalt or blacktop.
AC – Asphalt Concrete

14. Defn 1-
A bill of quantities is a document used in tendering in the construction industry in which
materials, parts, and labor are itemized.
It also details the terms and conditions of the construction or repair contract and itemizes all
work to enable a contractor to price the work for which one is bidding.
Defn-2
A bill of quantities (sometimes referred to as a 'BoQ' or 'BQ') is a document, typically prepared
by a cost consultant (often a quantity surveyor) that provides measured quantities of the items
of work identified by the drawings and specifications in the tender documentation for a project.
BOM is related to the list of inventory, including raw materials, parts, components, etc.
It give a clarity on what all is needed for completion.
BOQ – Bill of Quantities

15. CC – Centre to centre

16. Flood stage is the water level or stage at which a body of water's surface has
risen to a sufficient level to cause sufficient inundation of areas that are not
normally covered by water, causing an inconvenience or a threat to life and
property. When a body of water rises to this level, it is considered a flood event.
HFL – Highest Flood Level

17. ISI – Indian Standard
The ISI mark is a standards-compliance mark for industrial products in India
since 1955.
The ISI is an initialism of Indian Standards Institution, the name of the national
standards body until 1 January 1987, when it was renamed to the Bureau of
Indian Standards.

18. DL- Dead Load
LL – Live Load
Dead loads are static forces that are relatively constant for an extended time.
They can be in tension or compression.
Live loads are usually variable or moving loads.
These can have a significant dynamic element and may involve considerations such
as impact, momentum, vibration, slosh dynamics of fluids, etc.

19. MEP – Mechanical Electrical Plumbing
MEP WORK is a field of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing works of the building.
Mechanical (HVAC),
Electrical (fire alarm, lighting, cabling, elevators..etc), and
Plumbing ( firefighting, domestic water supply, sanitary, rainwater drainage) and steam
distribution and medical gas piping in case of hospitals.

20. Piles are used to carry the load of the structure deep into the ground, and pile caps
form the solid foundation on which the piers are then built.
Pile caps create a stable foundation and offer a larger area for the distribution of the
building load onto the piles.
PC – Pile Cap

21. PC – Precast Concrete
Precast concrete is a form of concrete that is prepared, cast and cured off-site, usually in a
controlled factory environment, using reusable moulds.
Precast concrete elements can be joined to other elements to form a complete structure.

22. A Level where the substructure ends and the superstructure starts is known as the plinth level.
The plinth is a part of the superstructure located between the ground level and the finished floor
level.
The plinth helps in transferring the superstructure's load to the foundation.
Plinth beam is a reinforced concrete beam constructed between the wall and its foundation.
PL – Plinth level

23. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, or vinyl) is used in a variety of applications in the building and construction, health
care, electronics, automobile and other sectors, in products ranging from piping , blood bags and tubing,
to wire and cable insulation, windshield system components and more.
PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride

24. Regular PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a common, strong but lightweight plastic
used in construction.
It is made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers.
If no plasticizers are added, it is known as uPVC (unplasticized polyvinyl
chloride), rigid PVC, or vinyl siding in the U.S.
UPVC – Unplasticized Polyvinyl chloride

25. Quality control is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in
production.
QC – Quality control

26. QS – Quantity Surveyor
A Quantity Surveyor is a construction industry professional with expert knowledge on construction
costs and contracts.
Qualified professional quantity surveyors are known as Chartered Surveyors in the UK and Certified
Quantity Surveyors in Australia and other countries.
A Quantity Surveyor's job is to manage all costs related to building and civil engineering projects, and
making sure their clients get value for money. They also ensure that projects conform to legal
regulations, and are up to standard in terms of quality.

27. Reinforced brick concrete is a combination of the brick, reinforcement and
concrete.
Consists of bricks/blocks within itself along with the steel.
Bricks or blocks are placed after fixing steel and before pouring concrete in
such a way that bricks are covered from all sides and not visible in concrete
RBC – Reinforced Brick Concrete

28. RCC – Reinforced Cement Concrete
Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC), is a composite material in which
concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of
reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.
Ready-mix concrete, or RMC as it is also known, refers to concrete that is specifically manufactured for
customers' construction projects, and supplied to the customer on site as a single product. It is a mixture
of Portland or other cements, water and aggregates: sand, gravel, or crushed stone.

29. TB – Tie Beam
The beam which connects two or more columns or rafters in a roof or roof truss or in any height
above floor level to make the whole structure more stiff and stable at the foundation level is called tie
beam.
Tie beams are mainly provided at roof truss and floor level and a plinth.

30. A toilet tank stores water until it is released and flushes into the toilet bowl.
So in other words...it's a toilet.
Water closet is just another name for a typical gravity flush toilet.
A “water closet” can also be used to describe a small room that houses a toilet.
WC – Water Closet

31. A work order is a document that provides all the information about a maintenance task
and outlines a process for completing that task.
Work orders can include details on who authorized the job, the scope, who it's assigned
to, and what is expected.
WO – Work Order

32. The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose
built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has
produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the
art of architecture".
Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and
sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation.
It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the
Nobel Prize of architecture.
The designs on the medal are inspired by the work of architect Louis Sullivan and
the Latin inspired inscription on the reverse of the medal is from Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius.
Pritzker Prize
1979 Philip Johnson United States Glass House (1949)
2018 B. V. Doshi India IIM-B Indian Institute of
Management Bangalore (1977–1992, multiple phases)
2021 Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe VassalFrance National School of
Architecture in Nantes (2009)

34. Architect/city planner who authored the “ekistics”- the science of human settlements.
A. Gropius
B. Doxiadis
C. Niemeyer
D. Vitruvius
ANS-B

35. One of Frank Lloyd Wright’s organic architecture?
A. Falling water
B. Robbie house
C. Dulles airport
D. Petronas tower
ANS-A
Robbie House
Frank Lloyd Wright
Petronas
tower
Cesar Pelli
Dulles airport
Eero Saarinen

36. Character of early Christian arch is determined by the novel development of.
A. Stone vaults
B. Timber trusses
C. Arched vaults
D. Lintel and Beam
ANS-C

37. A style influenced by geometric figures ?
A. Renaissance
B. Gothic
C. Romanesque
D. Art Deco
ANS-D
Art Deco styles
Art Deco is a popular design style of the 1920s and '30s characterized especially by sleek geometric
or stylized forms and by the use of man-made materials.
Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains,
ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners.
Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress.

38. Who gave the statue of liberty to the US ?
A. Spain
B. France
C. Great Britain
D. Portugal
ANS-B
It was given to the United States by the people of France in
1886, to represent the friendship between the two
countries established during the American Revolution.
The statue is on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, and it
welcomes visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans
travelling by ship.

39. From 5th centaury to the present, character of Byzantine architecture is
A. Timber trusses
B. Ribbed arches
C. Domical roof construction
D. Vault
ANS-C
Greek Architecture
Post and Lintel
Construction

40. A roman rectangular temple stood on a ……
A. Plinth
B. Podium
C. Pedestal
D. Stylobate
ANS-B
In classical Greek architecture, a stylobate is the top step of the
stepped platform upon which colonnades of temple are placed (it is
the floor of the temple).

41. What capital order was used in the parthenon?
A. Doric
B. Ionic
C. Tuscan
D. Corinthian
ANS-D
The Parthenon combines elements of the Doric and Ionic orders. Basically a Doric peripteral
temple, it features a continuous sculpted frieze borrowed from the Ionic order as well as four
Ionic columns supporting the roof of the opisthodomos.