Submission provided to the NEB outside of hearing processes simply to relay geological risks to pipeline infrastructure by geological circumstances related to ice melt, scouring, floods and changes to water systems. Submitted out of concern for climate change risks.
A look at seismic risks in Southern Ontario as it relates to pipelines and welds, Looking at potential causality of pipeline rupture as it relates to soil biota. This powerpoint submitted to the National Energy Board during the Enbridge Line 9 hearings.
The Keystone XL Environmental Assessment report was released with a 45 day public feedback process. This is what I submitted.
Public comments can be emailed to: keystonecomments@state.gov
Submission to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Council regarding extending the life of Darlington Nuclear Plant. Vocing concerns related to cost and safety.
A look at seismic risks in Southern Ontario as it relates to pipelines and welds, Looking at potential causality of pipeline rupture as it relates to soil biota. This powerpoint submitted to the National Energy Board during the Enbridge Line 9 hearings.
The Keystone XL Environmental Assessment report was released with a 45 day public feedback process. This is what I submitted.
Public comments can be emailed to: keystonecomments@state.gov
Submission to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Council regarding extending the life of Darlington Nuclear Plant. Vocing concerns related to cost and safety.
PA Forest Fragmentation from Marcellus Shale, Wind Turbines & Transmission LinesPaul Zeph
Overview of the habitat This is a captioned slideshow reviewing the fragmentation impacts of Marcellus Shale drilling, ridge-top wind development, and proposed new regional electricity transmission corridors to the forests of Pennsylvania.
Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is used
to increase the flow of oil or natural
gas from a well. It has been used safely
around the world since 1949 in over two
and a half million wells.
Santos has used fracking to produce
oil and gas in South Australia and
Queensland for nearly 50 years. It has
also been used in other industries to
increase the flow of water wells or
to clean up hazardous waste sites4.
In over 60 years of operations, there
has not been one proven case of water
contamination as a result of fracking.
Studies in the United States, United
Kingdom and here in Australia have
concluded that fracking can be
undertaken safely.
The Vale Brazilian Dam Collapse: An Ethical and Engineering DisasterAJSERJournal
Vale S.A. is the largest iron ore mining company in the world. On January 25, 2019, Dam1 of Vale’s
Corrego do Feijao iron-ore mine in Brazil collapsed. The dam was built upstream on a mountain in order to contain
mining waste or tailings, which are made up of dirt, rocks and bits of ore that are dumped into a dam reservoir. The
mining waste was estimated to be travelling as fast as 50 miles an hour downhill toward the city of Brumadinho. The
mining waste killed 270 people within minutes, and it is the deadliest mining disaster of its type in more than 50 years.
Mine sediment from the dam was found as far away as 119 miles from the dam.
There were several causes for the dam’s failure including: the use of cheap materials, Vale’s managers ignoring
warnings of structural problems, and monitoring equipment that was no longer working. Both Vale and its safety
inspector TUV SUD are under criminal investigations for their actions leading up to the dam collapse.
Last Updated October 31, 2011Hydrofracking Is hydraulic fractu.docxsmile790243
Last Updated: October 31, 2011
Hydrofracking: Is hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking, a safe way to extract natural gas?
Pro/Con Article Media Editorials News
Page Tools Highlighting
FULL ARTICLE
Introduction
Background
Supporters Argue
Opponents Argue
Conclusion
Chronology
By the Numbers
Spotlights
Discussion Questions
Bibliography
Further Resources
Introduction
SUPPORTERS ARGUE
There is no proven case of hydrofracking contaminating drinking water, and the process is perfectly safe. Natural gas can revive local economies, reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil, and provide a cleaner-burning fossil fuel. Further regulation is unnecessary and will only prevent an opportunity for the United States to develop an alternative energy source and create jobs.
OPPONENTS ARGUE
The chemicals used in fracking fluid are toxic and pose a danger to public health if they contaminate drinking water reserves or leak out of wells. Oil and gas companies are not being honest with the public about the dangers of hydrofracking, and the federal government should apply much stricter, nationwide regulations to ensure that hydrofracking does not cause widespread health problems that could plague the public for generations.
Issues and Controversies: Hydrofracking Workers
Workers at a natural gas well site in Burlington, Pennsylvania, in April 2010 prepare a drill to begin the process of hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking.
AP Photo/Ralph Wilson
Many observers have hailed natural gas as a solution to several energy problems facing the U.S. Utilizing the country's ample domestic supply of the resource, many have said, could greatly decrease U.S. dependence on foreign oil and possibly drive energy prices down. Furthermore, natural gas produces much less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels, about half as much as coal, making it the cleanest burning fossil fuel available. Energy experts have also touted natural gas as a cheap alternative to renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar energy, until engineers devise a way to make renewable energy more cost efficient. According to the Department of Energy, natural gas already produces about one-fifth of the nation's electricity, a proportion that may increase as energy firms tap more domestic reserves of natural gas.
The Marcellus Shale, a 95,000-square-mile geologic formation deep underground that stretches from West Virginia through Pennsylvania to upstate New York, is estimated to contain as much as 500 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. In order to access the natural gas in the Marcellus Shale and other shale formations, however, energy companies have to employ a controversial procedure called hydraulic fracturing—also known as "hydrofracking" or simply "fracking." Hydrofracking is a technique that releases natural gas by pumping millions of gallons of water, laced with sand and chemicals, thousands of feet underground to blast open, or fracture, shale formations, freeing the gas. [See Today's Science: Nat ...
10
WORKPLACE SAFETY
Workplace Safety
BUS 642
October 10, 2016
Research Project: Safety in Dam Construction Zones
Being that there are 36,000 dam projects listed in the world register of dams and having statistics associate 300 accidents to the said dams, the information was quite alarming to safety officials and the construction authorities. In previous years the safety precautions were on largely concentrated on the structures but as time went by accidents increased from the beginning of dam construction to date. There has proven to be need for better safety precaution to the human workforce at the sites. This entails looking at the specifics into the type of accidents that occur at the site. It also involves determining or predicting the type of accidents that are expected to happen at such sites. This will lead to a comprehensive study of safety precautions, risk assessment, first aid and other measures that will be required to curb the problem. This means looking at global safety cultural assessments and narrowing them down to dam construction related accident prevention and control.
Research Questions
This research will aim to identify the various causes of dam failure. Through an explorative research, the main core of the research will dwell to answer concerns on dam failure. Are dam failures caused by human influence? If so, what influence causes or leads to dam failure? How were the causes identified? In what ways have the government and related organizations made sure that the issues are addressed? In what ways have the government and other organizations ensured that the causes of dam failures are addressed and preventative measures taken as far as human influences are concerned? What roles does the natural environment present in the causes of dam failures? What measures of preparedness are taken to ensure that the dams can resist even the worst forces of nature? What are the causes of fatalities for people surrounding the dams? What are the causes of death and ailments to people working in the dams and what precautionary measures are taken to prevent such measures? What sort of surveys methods has been used to acquire the data (surveys, questionnaires, observation or sampling)? The study will limit to structural causes, human influences and nature (ICOLD, 2016).
Background Research
Distress in structures is the major cause of accidents during and after construction. Therefore, before, during and after constructions of structures especially huge structures like dams, skyscrapers, bridges and other massive structures, there is a team of engineers checking on the loading, environmental and human influences affecting the structures to prevent failure of structures. However, much emphasis was placed on human life and in other structures except dams due to the nature of their constructions. This resulted in massive accidents that led to deaths and injured many with the current statistics standing at over 300 ...
An OMB case allowed three subdivisions to be built on top of hydrologically sensitive agricultural lands in Waterloo. This powerpoint presented to city staff outlines how the previous ruling fails to comply with the provisions of the Provincial Policy statement and local planning policies. (I later took this issue to the OMB again and won concessions to widen buffer zones to protect Clair Creek and wetlands in the area.to better protect our local water supply's primary recharge zones with OMB case PL071044.)
Submission made during the public process regarding the Nelson Quarry Project. Risks to natural features, endangered species, economy and ecology as well as geological risks of the project. (Project was successfully cancelled)
Large wetlands removed, heritage trees removed and habitat of rare species altered in the area of Waterloo Region prior to critical EIS studies needed before development projects. Loopholes being used to do damage to undermine risks to water tables and the Waterloo Moraine.
Submission to the CNSC regarding the geological risks of the proposed deep geological repository planned to be placed along the shores of Lake Huron in Ontario. Karst moraines and geological risks, seismic risks etc. (Project cancelled)
Concerns voiced for Darlington Nuclear Plant extension. Concerns of economics and environmental issues and need to review economic risks currently being externalized during the planning process.
Submission made to the National Energy Board regarding Enbridge Line 9 high pressure oil pipeline and risks to water, communities and economic systems. Addresses needs to mitigate risks and spills.
Looking at the threats happening to A1 farmlands in Southwestern Ontario from groundwater and threats to Moraines to climate change risks and land use development.
More Related Content
Similar to Pipelinespillsprevention 130128015307-phpapp01
PA Forest Fragmentation from Marcellus Shale, Wind Turbines & Transmission LinesPaul Zeph
Overview of the habitat This is a captioned slideshow reviewing the fragmentation impacts of Marcellus Shale drilling, ridge-top wind development, and proposed new regional electricity transmission corridors to the forests of Pennsylvania.
Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is used
to increase the flow of oil or natural
gas from a well. It has been used safely
around the world since 1949 in over two
and a half million wells.
Santos has used fracking to produce
oil and gas in South Australia and
Queensland for nearly 50 years. It has
also been used in other industries to
increase the flow of water wells or
to clean up hazardous waste sites4.
In over 60 years of operations, there
has not been one proven case of water
contamination as a result of fracking.
Studies in the United States, United
Kingdom and here in Australia have
concluded that fracking can be
undertaken safely.
The Vale Brazilian Dam Collapse: An Ethical and Engineering DisasterAJSERJournal
Vale S.A. is the largest iron ore mining company in the world. On January 25, 2019, Dam1 of Vale’s
Corrego do Feijao iron-ore mine in Brazil collapsed. The dam was built upstream on a mountain in order to contain
mining waste or tailings, which are made up of dirt, rocks and bits of ore that are dumped into a dam reservoir. The
mining waste was estimated to be travelling as fast as 50 miles an hour downhill toward the city of Brumadinho. The
mining waste killed 270 people within minutes, and it is the deadliest mining disaster of its type in more than 50 years.
Mine sediment from the dam was found as far away as 119 miles from the dam.
There were several causes for the dam’s failure including: the use of cheap materials, Vale’s managers ignoring
warnings of structural problems, and monitoring equipment that was no longer working. Both Vale and its safety
inspector TUV SUD are under criminal investigations for their actions leading up to the dam collapse.
Last Updated October 31, 2011Hydrofracking Is hydraulic fractu.docxsmile790243
Last Updated: October 31, 2011
Hydrofracking: Is hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking, a safe way to extract natural gas?
Pro/Con Article Media Editorials News
Page Tools Highlighting
FULL ARTICLE
Introduction
Background
Supporters Argue
Opponents Argue
Conclusion
Chronology
By the Numbers
Spotlights
Discussion Questions
Bibliography
Further Resources
Introduction
SUPPORTERS ARGUE
There is no proven case of hydrofracking contaminating drinking water, and the process is perfectly safe. Natural gas can revive local economies, reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil, and provide a cleaner-burning fossil fuel. Further regulation is unnecessary and will only prevent an opportunity for the United States to develop an alternative energy source and create jobs.
OPPONENTS ARGUE
The chemicals used in fracking fluid are toxic and pose a danger to public health if they contaminate drinking water reserves or leak out of wells. Oil and gas companies are not being honest with the public about the dangers of hydrofracking, and the federal government should apply much stricter, nationwide regulations to ensure that hydrofracking does not cause widespread health problems that could plague the public for generations.
Issues and Controversies: Hydrofracking Workers
Workers at a natural gas well site in Burlington, Pennsylvania, in April 2010 prepare a drill to begin the process of hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking.
AP Photo/Ralph Wilson
Many observers have hailed natural gas as a solution to several energy problems facing the U.S. Utilizing the country's ample domestic supply of the resource, many have said, could greatly decrease U.S. dependence on foreign oil and possibly drive energy prices down. Furthermore, natural gas produces much less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels, about half as much as coal, making it the cleanest burning fossil fuel available. Energy experts have also touted natural gas as a cheap alternative to renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar energy, until engineers devise a way to make renewable energy more cost efficient. According to the Department of Energy, natural gas already produces about one-fifth of the nation's electricity, a proportion that may increase as energy firms tap more domestic reserves of natural gas.
The Marcellus Shale, a 95,000-square-mile geologic formation deep underground that stretches from West Virginia through Pennsylvania to upstate New York, is estimated to contain as much as 500 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. In order to access the natural gas in the Marcellus Shale and other shale formations, however, energy companies have to employ a controversial procedure called hydraulic fracturing—also known as "hydrofracking" or simply "fracking." Hydrofracking is a technique that releases natural gas by pumping millions of gallons of water, laced with sand and chemicals, thousands of feet underground to blast open, or fracture, shale formations, freeing the gas. [See Today's Science: Nat ...
10
WORKPLACE SAFETY
Workplace Safety
BUS 642
October 10, 2016
Research Project: Safety in Dam Construction Zones
Being that there are 36,000 dam projects listed in the world register of dams and having statistics associate 300 accidents to the said dams, the information was quite alarming to safety officials and the construction authorities. In previous years the safety precautions were on largely concentrated on the structures but as time went by accidents increased from the beginning of dam construction to date. There has proven to be need for better safety precaution to the human workforce at the sites. This entails looking at the specifics into the type of accidents that occur at the site. It also involves determining or predicting the type of accidents that are expected to happen at such sites. This will lead to a comprehensive study of safety precautions, risk assessment, first aid and other measures that will be required to curb the problem. This means looking at global safety cultural assessments and narrowing them down to dam construction related accident prevention and control.
Research Questions
This research will aim to identify the various causes of dam failure. Through an explorative research, the main core of the research will dwell to answer concerns on dam failure. Are dam failures caused by human influence? If so, what influence causes or leads to dam failure? How were the causes identified? In what ways have the government and related organizations made sure that the issues are addressed? In what ways have the government and other organizations ensured that the causes of dam failures are addressed and preventative measures taken as far as human influences are concerned? What roles does the natural environment present in the causes of dam failures? What measures of preparedness are taken to ensure that the dams can resist even the worst forces of nature? What are the causes of fatalities for people surrounding the dams? What are the causes of death and ailments to people working in the dams and what precautionary measures are taken to prevent such measures? What sort of surveys methods has been used to acquire the data (surveys, questionnaires, observation or sampling)? The study will limit to structural causes, human influences and nature (ICOLD, 2016).
Background Research
Distress in structures is the major cause of accidents during and after construction. Therefore, before, during and after constructions of structures especially huge structures like dams, skyscrapers, bridges and other massive structures, there is a team of engineers checking on the loading, environmental and human influences affecting the structures to prevent failure of structures. However, much emphasis was placed on human life and in other structures except dams due to the nature of their constructions. This resulted in massive accidents that led to deaths and injured many with the current statistics standing at over 300 ...
An OMB case allowed three subdivisions to be built on top of hydrologically sensitive agricultural lands in Waterloo. This powerpoint presented to city staff outlines how the previous ruling fails to comply with the provisions of the Provincial Policy statement and local planning policies. (I later took this issue to the OMB again and won concessions to widen buffer zones to protect Clair Creek and wetlands in the area.to better protect our local water supply's primary recharge zones with OMB case PL071044.)
Submission made during the public process regarding the Nelson Quarry Project. Risks to natural features, endangered species, economy and ecology as well as geological risks of the project. (Project was successfully cancelled)
Large wetlands removed, heritage trees removed and habitat of rare species altered in the area of Waterloo Region prior to critical EIS studies needed before development projects. Loopholes being used to do damage to undermine risks to water tables and the Waterloo Moraine.
Submission to the CNSC regarding the geological risks of the proposed deep geological repository planned to be placed along the shores of Lake Huron in Ontario. Karst moraines and geological risks, seismic risks etc. (Project cancelled)
Concerns voiced for Darlington Nuclear Plant extension. Concerns of economics and environmental issues and need to review economic risks currently being externalized during the planning process.
Submission made to the National Energy Board regarding Enbridge Line 9 high pressure oil pipeline and risks to water, communities and economic systems. Addresses needs to mitigate risks and spills.
Looking at the threats happening to A1 farmlands in Southwestern Ontario from groundwater and threats to Moraines to climate change risks and land use development.
Concerns for Quarry Pits in regards to groundwater resources in Brant County. Looking at geological and economic risks and the need to protect water and farmland.
Concerns regarding a large mall project along Ira Needles next to the Erb St. landfill. Impacts to a large wetland complex and concerns for local water risks. Shared with City of Waterloo and Regional council.
My submission to the Ontario Provincial government regarding quarry pit risks in Southwestern Ontario and the need to update policy to protect Moraines and water supplies. Speaks to geological risks and risks to farmland and GDP.
Looking at how to reclaim sludge for aggregates & recycling of aggregates. Looking at alternative sources of aggregate materials to offset risks to water supplies.
Concerns for Aggregate pits and groundwater protection in Ontario. Reviewing risks to Ontario's GDP and farmland and moraine systems in Southwestern Ontario.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
3. Seismic Risks of Eastern Canada
http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/zones/eastcan-eng.php
4. Earthquakes & Oil Pipes
Pipeline damages from earthquakes can result in compression or
wrinkling, joint weld cracking or separation, bending or shear from
localized wrinkling and tension. Joints made with oxy-acetelyne welds
break 100 times more than those with electric arc welded joints.
Source: USGS, The Shake Out Scenario Supplemental Study
http://books.google.ca/books/about/The_ShakeOut_Scenario_Supplemental_Study.html?id=7PU1A6N3ZOAC&redir_esc=y
5. An earthquake occurs in the Western Quebec Seismic Zone
every five days on average.
http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/zones/eastcan-eng.php
6. A REVIEW OF NBCC 2005 SEISMIC HAZARD RESULTS FOR CANADA - THE INTERFACE
TO THE GROUND AND PROGNOSIS FOR URBAN RISK MITIGATION
John Adams and Stephen Halchuk
Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada,
7. Earthquake risks should be identified within
EA applications of pipelines so we can set
reasonable design criteria to mitigate the
risks, particularly with regards to pipeline
welds.
9. In May 2008, 16 year old
Canadian boy named Daniel
Burd from Waterloo Collegiate
Institute found and isolated two
naturally occurring bacterium,
Spingomonas and
Pseudomonas, that literally eats
plastic.
He stored Spingomonas and
Pseudomonas at 37 degree
Celsius with plastic and in six
weeks time, 43% of the plastic
was consumed.
http://wiki.duke.edu/download/attachments/10715770/08burdreport.pdf
Spingomonas and Pseudomonas Eat Plastic
10. Spingomonas and Pseudomonas
naturally occurs in Canadian soil and water.
Enbridge pipelines travel across farmlands and waterways. These
areas are suitable for Spingomonas and Pseudomonas because the
bacterias thrives off nitrates in these locations.
To read Daniel Bird's study please visit here:
https://wiki.duke.edu/download/attachments/10715770/08BurdReport.pdf
11. Example of a PE tape issue;
Kalamazoo Michigan Enbridge Oil Spill, 2010
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determines that the
probable cause of the pipeline rupture was corrosion fatigue cracks
that grew and coalesced from crack and corrosion defects under dis-
bonded polyethylene tape coating, producing a substantial crude oil
release that went undetected by the control centre for over 17 hours.
12. Questions:
Is there any data to either prove or disprove the roll that Spingomonas
and Pseudomonas may play in regards to “tenting” issues of PE tape?
Warmer weather and longer growing seasons associated with climate
change may serve to increase the presence of these bacterium in the
natural environment. If these bacteria are an issue, what measures
can we take to avert risk in existing pipes?
How can we monitor for issues related to this?
14. Example: Rain and extream heat expected for the city
of Toronto by 2040
Toronto will see almost 40 days per year with a
humidex over 40˚C (current average is 9 per year).
Heat waves (3+ days of 32˚C) will occur 5 times a
year, instead of once every two years.
We'll see 80% more summer rain in July, 50% more in
August.
Extreme rain events will almost triple in size to
166mm in 24hrs from the current 66 mm.
15. Source: TORONTO'S FUTURE WEATHER & CLIMATE
DRIVER STUDY: OUTCOMES REPORT
Summary of the SENES
Consultants Ltd Study by
Toronto Environment Office
October 30, 2012
http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/pe/bgrd/backgroundfile-51653.pdf
16. Enbridge's 'Line 9' pipeline exposed in the Rouge River,
Toronto. Credit: Adam Scott/Environmental Defence
19. Draw down effects bring contaminates towards the nearest wells
regardless of topography. Professor Mike Stone: chloride loadings to
Waterloo Regional wells reveals this fact.
20. Understanding the subsurface geology and localized well
data in proximity to pipes can help contain spills.
Mapping subsurface geology is critical data to have in
order to quickly and reasonably isolate and contain spills.
It allows us to view which aquifers may be impacted,
which wells to shut off to immediately stop the draw down
spread of contaminates shoud a spill occur.
EA processes could mandate that firms have that data
prior to final approvals in order to make sure they are
reasonably capable of swift responses should a spill occur
along that route.
21. Arctic Risk #1 Upheaval buckling
Thermal expansion occurs when a buried steel pipeline is
operated at a temperature and pressure higher than that
experienced during installation. In hard frozen areas the pipeline
is not free to expand so the axial compressive force serves to
push the pipe up leading to risks of ruptures.
22. Arctic Risk #2: Ice gouging by pressure ridges
and icebergs in shallow water depths.
24. Arctic Risk #4 Strudel Scour
Strudel scour occurs when fresh water in rivers and streams flows over frozen ice along the
shores. The overflow water drains through cracks, holes, even breathing holes in ice sheets
eroding supporting sediments underneith pipes.
25. What is a reasonable depth to avoid these risks?
Based on the literature review of the research on subgouge
deformations, the industry is still in need of direct rule of thumb that
provides safe and economical burial depth for pipelines. From one
hand, pipes must be trenched sufficiently far beneath the influence
zone of soil displaced below ice keel to limit pipe bending to
acceptable limits. On the other hand, designers must not go to an
over-conservative solution and consequently a non-economical
one. Therefore, the desired burial depth is the minimum depth
needed for the survival of the pipeline during its design life time.
Such depth has not been established.
Source: The Technical Challenges of Designing Oil and Gas
Pipelines in the Arctic - Basel Abdalla PhD PE, Paul Jukes PhD,
Ayman Eltaher PhD PE, and Billy Duron
26. Issue #5: The Public Finds the Spills.
A newly published draft report by the US department of Transportation
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration reveals that it
is up to the public to find oil and gas leaks.
Pipeline leaks, ruptures and spills are “systematically causing more
and more property damage…in a bad year you can have up to $5
billion in property damages due to pipeline related accidents.”
Given the volume of public property damage, pipeline companies
would be “probably justified” in spending $490,000 a year for every
400 miles of pipeline but the reality is that “right now companies might
spend a tenth of that figure."
Here is a published news article regarding this:
http://oilandgas-investments.com/2012/energy-services/leak-detection-pipeline-industry/
27. Here is the link to the actual Draft report:
U.S. Department of Transportation
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
Draft Report: Leak Detection Study – DTPH56-11-D- 000001
Dr. David Shaw, Dr. Martin Phillips, Ron Baker, Eduardo Munoz,
Hamood Rehman, Carol Gibson, Christine Mayernik
September 28, 2012
https://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/meetings/FilGet.mtg?fil=397
This report clearly shows that we need more money invested in prevention
and better science to reasonably mitigate the risks!