Pipeline Course Slide Material.
for basic lesson on Computer technology and an Operating System. Studet will be installing Debian distribution Linux
using VirtualBox to study basic elements in Internet Technology using Linux.
This document discusses instruction pipelining in processors. It begins with an introduction that defines pipelining as breaking down operations into sequential stages that can overlap execution. An example is given of pipelining laundry tasks to complete work more efficiently. The document then explains how instruction execution in computers lends itself to pipelining by separating tasks like fetch, decode, and execute into distinct stages. A six-stage instruction pipeline and timing diagram are presented. Advantages of pipelining include more efficient use of resources and faster execution for large programs. However, pipeline hazards like structural, data, and control hazards can cause problems if not addressed properly.
This document discusses instruction pipelining as a technique to improve computer performance. It explains that pipelining allows multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously by splitting instruction execution into stages like fetch, decode, execute, and write. While pipelining does not reduce the time to complete individual instructions, it improves throughput by allowing new instructions to begin processing before previous instructions have finished. The document outlines some challenges to achieving peak performance from pipelining, such as pipeline stalls from hazards like data dependencies between instructions. It provides examples of how data hazards can occur if the results of one instruction are needed by a subsequent instruction before they are available.
This document discusses pipelining in microprocessors. It describes how pipelining works by dividing instruction processing into stages - fetch, decode, execute, memory, and write back. This allows subsequent instructions to begin processing before previous instructions have finished, improving processor efficiency. The document provides estimated timing for each stage and notes advantages like quicker execution for large programs, while disadvantages include added hardware and potential pipeline hazards disrupting smooth execution. It then gives examples of how four instructions would progress through each stage in a pipelined versus linear fashion.
pipelining is the concept of decomposing the sequential process into number of small stages in which each stage execute individual parts of instruction life cycle inside the processor.
Pipelining is an speed up technique where multiple instructions are overlapped in execution on a processor. It is an important topic in Computer Architecture.
This slide try to relate the problem with real life scenario for easily understanding the concept and show the major inner mechanism.
The document discusses Cloud Native CI/CD and the Tekton project. It begins with an overview of cloud native concepts like containers, Kubernetes, and microservices. It then defines characteristics of cloud native CI/CD like being serverless, using open standards, reusable components, and config as code. The document introduces Tekton as a cloud native CI/CD building block on Kubernetes that uses custom resources for tasks, pipelines, triggers and more. It highlights a demo of Tekton before concluding with the project's roadmap and how to get involved.
Public briefing from Unicon's IAM team on observations and highlights about Apereo/Jasig CAS, Internet2 Shibboleth, and Internet2 Grouper. Unicon Open Source Support development progress and intentions for the next quarter are also shared. http://www.unicon.net/support
The document traces the history and development of personal manufacturing from 2007-2010, starting with Bre Pettis' McWire RepStrap in 2007 and the founding of NYCResistor. It highlights key milestones like the launch of Thingiverse in 2008 and the formation of MakerBot Industries in 2009. The document discusses how personal manufacturing empowers ordinary people to make almost anything and how MakerBot aimed to democratize manufacturing.
This document discusses instruction pipelining in processors. It begins with an introduction that defines pipelining as breaking down operations into sequential stages that can overlap execution. An example is given of pipelining laundry tasks to complete work more efficiently. The document then explains how instruction execution in computers lends itself to pipelining by separating tasks like fetch, decode, and execute into distinct stages. A six-stage instruction pipeline and timing diagram are presented. Advantages of pipelining include more efficient use of resources and faster execution for large programs. However, pipeline hazards like structural, data, and control hazards can cause problems if not addressed properly.
This document discusses instruction pipelining as a technique to improve computer performance. It explains that pipelining allows multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously by splitting instruction execution into stages like fetch, decode, execute, and write. While pipelining does not reduce the time to complete individual instructions, it improves throughput by allowing new instructions to begin processing before previous instructions have finished. The document outlines some challenges to achieving peak performance from pipelining, such as pipeline stalls from hazards like data dependencies between instructions. It provides examples of how data hazards can occur if the results of one instruction are needed by a subsequent instruction before they are available.
This document discusses pipelining in microprocessors. It describes how pipelining works by dividing instruction processing into stages - fetch, decode, execute, memory, and write back. This allows subsequent instructions to begin processing before previous instructions have finished, improving processor efficiency. The document provides estimated timing for each stage and notes advantages like quicker execution for large programs, while disadvantages include added hardware and potential pipeline hazards disrupting smooth execution. It then gives examples of how four instructions would progress through each stage in a pipelined versus linear fashion.
pipelining is the concept of decomposing the sequential process into number of small stages in which each stage execute individual parts of instruction life cycle inside the processor.
Pipelining is an speed up technique where multiple instructions are overlapped in execution on a processor. It is an important topic in Computer Architecture.
This slide try to relate the problem with real life scenario for easily understanding the concept and show the major inner mechanism.
The document discusses Cloud Native CI/CD and the Tekton project. It begins with an overview of cloud native concepts like containers, Kubernetes, and microservices. It then defines characteristics of cloud native CI/CD like being serverless, using open standards, reusable components, and config as code. The document introduces Tekton as a cloud native CI/CD building block on Kubernetes that uses custom resources for tasks, pipelines, triggers and more. It highlights a demo of Tekton before concluding with the project's roadmap and how to get involved.
Public briefing from Unicon's IAM team on observations and highlights about Apereo/Jasig CAS, Internet2 Shibboleth, and Internet2 Grouper. Unicon Open Source Support development progress and intentions for the next quarter are also shared. http://www.unicon.net/support
The document traces the history and development of personal manufacturing from 2007-2010, starting with Bre Pettis' McWire RepStrap in 2007 and the founding of NYCResistor. It highlights key milestones like the launch of Thingiverse in 2008 and the formation of MakerBot Industries in 2009. The document discusses how personal manufacturing empowers ordinary people to make almost anything and how MakerBot aimed to democratize manufacturing.
Randy Lien gave a presentation on UI engineering at Trend Micro. The presentation introduced Lien and his experience. It discussed how software and the internet have disrupted many industries. It described how AJAX and Web 2.0 changed web development and the rise of front end developers. The presentation argued that the web is becoming the unified platform across devices and outlined hybrid app approaches that use HTML/CSS/JavaScript to build apps.
This document summarizes major web technology milestones from the first half of 2008 and previews developments to watch for in 2009. Some key points covered include:
- The first beta release of Internet Explorer 8 in March 2008 was a major milestone.
- CSS support is now largely consistent across major browsers, including support for CSS Selectors and the Selectors API in IE8.
- HTML5 offline applications and client-side storage are implemented in multiple browsers.
- SVG support continues to improve with the Tiny 1.2 recommendation and plans to add support to IE via behaviors.
- The Geolocation API specification was published and implemented in several browsers in 2008.
- Newly developed JavaScript
This summary provides information about a Dutch Country Wall Clock CNC project:
- The project involves making front and back panels for a wall clock featuring a Dutch "tole" painting style using VCarve Pro or Aspire software.
- Materials needed include boards for the front and back panels, a clock insert, hardware to hang the clock, and wood finishing supplies.
- The tutorial provides instructions on opening the project files, running the toolpaths, assembling the clock, and applying a finish.
This summarizes a document providing instructions for making a Dutch Country Wall Clock using a CNC machine. It describes the overall dimensions of the clock and includes photos of the process. Materials needed are listed, including wood boards and a clock insert. Instructions describe opening the project files, reviewing and adjusting toolpaths, running the project to cut out panels, sanding, applying stain and finish, and assembling the clock by attaching a hanger and inserting the clock insert.
Collaborate with us to build the Open Hardware PowerPC GNU/Linux notebook. You can collaborate in many ways, even with the Donation Campaign. https://www.powerpc-notebook.org/campaigns/donation-campaign-for-pcb-design-of-the-powerpc-notebook-motherboard/
Let's release it - an intro to Continuous Deliveryrouanw
Imagine being able to ship new features with confidence. Imagine decoupling the process of putting new code in production from the decision to release new features to users. Push to production every day and release features when you’re ready. Continuous Delivery describes a set of practices that can make this happen. Rouan gives you an introduction to the concept of Continuous Delivery and some of the main practices that underpin it. He talks about automated testing, deployment and version control. He explains what it means for your approach to user stories and your definition of done and about the difference it will make in the life of your product owner. He’ll cover the concept of building quality into the delivery process and the power this gives you.
The 5th Annual Open Hardware Summit was held in Rome, Italy in 2014. It was organized by the Open Source Hardware Association to discuss the growing open hardware movement. Key topics included the Ada Lovelace Fellowship for women in open technology, workshops on open hardware manufacturing and licensing, and presentations from leaders in the field such as Adrian Bowyer of RepRap and Eric Pan of Seeed Studio. The Summit aimed to advance open sharing of hardware knowledge and collaboration on technology development.
Technical challenges (running on different providers (we need an overlay!!)) as well as social challenges (why are we famous in Peru?) during COVID-19 when running an opensource conference system.
The systems is based on Jitsi and run bei Freifunk Munich in Germany.
Presented at Mobilism.nl
Device diversity is about to get an order of magnitude worse. SmartTVs are hitting the market in mass this year. Sony, LG, Vizio, and Samsung are all shipping televisions with Google TV built in.
And if the rumors that Apple will release a TV this year are true, 2012 will turn out to be the year web developers start to tackle the glass screen hanging on our walls.
Why should web developers focused on mobile learn about the web on TVs? Because TVs represent the next challenge in device proliferation. They share common characteristics with their smaller brethren. They create new challenges and opportunities we haven't encountered yet. And most importantly, learning how to build for TVs helps inform our practices of building for mobile devices.
This document discusses how IBM uses "Hills" as a framework for product development. Hills are aspirational goals framed around user outcomes rather than features. They help align teams and focus work. The document outlines what makes a good Hill, how to construct Hills, and how Hills can be broken into sub-Hills or releases. It also notes that Hills should have a clear who, what, and wow - describing user benefits without technical details. Hills provide a roadmap to guide design and development work at IBM.
Conclusion and the Future of Manufacturing (2.008x Lecture Slides)A. John Hart
Slides accompanying 2.008x* video module on Manufacturing Cost, Prof. John Hart, MIT, 2016.
*Fundamentals of Manufacturing Processes on edX: https://www.edx.org/course/fundamentals-manufacturing-processes-mitx-2-008x
A short reference to programmable microcontrollers and microcomputers – such as the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone - with the aim to inspire makers to build their own project leveraging these easy-to-program and easy-to-connect tools.
ARDUINOLIKE BOARDS: A SHORT HARDWARE REFERENCE GUIDE FOR MAKERSLeandro Agro'
DESIGN GROUP ITALIA
This document provides a short reference to programmable microcontrollers and microcomputers – such as the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone - with the aim to inspire makers to build their own project leveraging these easy to program and easy to connect tools.
Why have we written this? Because -combined with vast range of cloud based services- these tools might be used to imagine, shape and prototype the Internet of Things....and -btw- we don’t want to just inspire the creation of new ways to water your balcony plants (have a look at our MEG project): we want to encourage creators in playing with the future.
HIGH-RES PDF DOWNLOAD: http://www.designgroupitalia.com
Featuring: Arduino Micro / Arduino Uno / Arduino Mega / Arduino Yun / BeagleBone Black / DQuid IO / Intel Edison / Intel Edison Arduino Kit / NodeMcu / Photon / Rasberry PI / Samsung ArDk 1 chip / Samsung ArDk 5 chip / Samsung ArDk 10 chip / Teensy / Udoo Dual / St Nucleo /
We have calculated 31.4 trillion digits of Pi in 2019 and broke the world record in the Pi computation. This talk will discuss the nature of the calculation, the architecture, challenges and techniques, and of course the brief history of Pi computation. Calculating Pi has been the speaker's childhood dream and this talk will also explain how the small dream grew to the new world record.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Raspberry Pi. It discusses the origins of the Raspberry Pi in aiming to provide affordable computers to help stimulate interest in computer science education. It outlines key events in the development of the Raspberry Pi and describes its low cost and performance compared to earlier computers. The document then provides basic getting started information for setting up and using a Raspberry Pi including updating software, setting passwords, and connecting to hardware. It also discusses some popular project examples and suggests when to use a Raspberry Pi versus an Arduino.
This document discusses online code sharing platforms for physical computing. It introduces the Funnel toolkit, which allows connecting different hardware toolkits like Gainer and Arduino. Funnel supports languages like Processing and ActionScript. The document outlines recent contributions to Funnel, including support for new hardware, libraries for interfacing with I2C devices, and a collaboration with Wonderfl to provide an online code editor for physical computing. It raises questions about how to better support students in prototyping and how to incentivize engineers to participate in open hardware projects.
This document discusses the evolution of a configuration management team's processes and tools. It describes moving from a manual process to implementing development practices like source control, code reviews, and continuous integration. Key steps included architecting a deployment pipeline with local, test, and production instances; standardizing development environments; automating common tasks through scripting; and implementing a continuous delivery model to quickly release changes. The goal was to change the team's mindset to treat configuration management as software development.
How to play basketball with a soccer team? - Make IC development more agileTobias Leisgang
The document discusses principles and practices for agile integrated circuit development. It advocates for frequent delivery of working software in short iterations of 4-14 weeks. Team members include designers, system engineers, verification engineers, test engineers, and software engineers who work together daily throughout the project. The agile approach promotes sustainable development where the team reflects after each iteration to improve.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Similar to Pipeline 1 (Lecture in KMD 2015 Fall: Internet Technology Slot)
Randy Lien gave a presentation on UI engineering at Trend Micro. The presentation introduced Lien and his experience. It discussed how software and the internet have disrupted many industries. It described how AJAX and Web 2.0 changed web development and the rise of front end developers. The presentation argued that the web is becoming the unified platform across devices and outlined hybrid app approaches that use HTML/CSS/JavaScript to build apps.
This document summarizes major web technology milestones from the first half of 2008 and previews developments to watch for in 2009. Some key points covered include:
- The first beta release of Internet Explorer 8 in March 2008 was a major milestone.
- CSS support is now largely consistent across major browsers, including support for CSS Selectors and the Selectors API in IE8.
- HTML5 offline applications and client-side storage are implemented in multiple browsers.
- SVG support continues to improve with the Tiny 1.2 recommendation and plans to add support to IE via behaviors.
- The Geolocation API specification was published and implemented in several browsers in 2008.
- Newly developed JavaScript
This summary provides information about a Dutch Country Wall Clock CNC project:
- The project involves making front and back panels for a wall clock featuring a Dutch "tole" painting style using VCarve Pro or Aspire software.
- Materials needed include boards for the front and back panels, a clock insert, hardware to hang the clock, and wood finishing supplies.
- The tutorial provides instructions on opening the project files, running the toolpaths, assembling the clock, and applying a finish.
This summarizes a document providing instructions for making a Dutch Country Wall Clock using a CNC machine. It describes the overall dimensions of the clock and includes photos of the process. Materials needed are listed, including wood boards and a clock insert. Instructions describe opening the project files, reviewing and adjusting toolpaths, running the project to cut out panels, sanding, applying stain and finish, and assembling the clock by attaching a hanger and inserting the clock insert.
Collaborate with us to build the Open Hardware PowerPC GNU/Linux notebook. You can collaborate in many ways, even with the Donation Campaign. https://www.powerpc-notebook.org/campaigns/donation-campaign-for-pcb-design-of-the-powerpc-notebook-motherboard/
Let's release it - an intro to Continuous Deliveryrouanw
Imagine being able to ship new features with confidence. Imagine decoupling the process of putting new code in production from the decision to release new features to users. Push to production every day and release features when you’re ready. Continuous Delivery describes a set of practices that can make this happen. Rouan gives you an introduction to the concept of Continuous Delivery and some of the main practices that underpin it. He talks about automated testing, deployment and version control. He explains what it means for your approach to user stories and your definition of done and about the difference it will make in the life of your product owner. He’ll cover the concept of building quality into the delivery process and the power this gives you.
The 5th Annual Open Hardware Summit was held in Rome, Italy in 2014. It was organized by the Open Source Hardware Association to discuss the growing open hardware movement. Key topics included the Ada Lovelace Fellowship for women in open technology, workshops on open hardware manufacturing and licensing, and presentations from leaders in the field such as Adrian Bowyer of RepRap and Eric Pan of Seeed Studio. The Summit aimed to advance open sharing of hardware knowledge and collaboration on technology development.
Technical challenges (running on different providers (we need an overlay!!)) as well as social challenges (why are we famous in Peru?) during COVID-19 when running an opensource conference system.
The systems is based on Jitsi and run bei Freifunk Munich in Germany.
Presented at Mobilism.nl
Device diversity is about to get an order of magnitude worse. SmartTVs are hitting the market in mass this year. Sony, LG, Vizio, and Samsung are all shipping televisions with Google TV built in.
And if the rumors that Apple will release a TV this year are true, 2012 will turn out to be the year web developers start to tackle the glass screen hanging on our walls.
Why should web developers focused on mobile learn about the web on TVs? Because TVs represent the next challenge in device proliferation. They share common characteristics with their smaller brethren. They create new challenges and opportunities we haven't encountered yet. And most importantly, learning how to build for TVs helps inform our practices of building for mobile devices.
This document discusses how IBM uses "Hills" as a framework for product development. Hills are aspirational goals framed around user outcomes rather than features. They help align teams and focus work. The document outlines what makes a good Hill, how to construct Hills, and how Hills can be broken into sub-Hills or releases. It also notes that Hills should have a clear who, what, and wow - describing user benefits without technical details. Hills provide a roadmap to guide design and development work at IBM.
Conclusion and the Future of Manufacturing (2.008x Lecture Slides)A. John Hart
Slides accompanying 2.008x* video module on Manufacturing Cost, Prof. John Hart, MIT, 2016.
*Fundamentals of Manufacturing Processes on edX: https://www.edx.org/course/fundamentals-manufacturing-processes-mitx-2-008x
A short reference to programmable microcontrollers and microcomputers – such as the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone - with the aim to inspire makers to build their own project leveraging these easy-to-program and easy-to-connect tools.
ARDUINOLIKE BOARDS: A SHORT HARDWARE REFERENCE GUIDE FOR MAKERSLeandro Agro'
DESIGN GROUP ITALIA
This document provides a short reference to programmable microcontrollers and microcomputers – such as the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone - with the aim to inspire makers to build their own project leveraging these easy to program and easy to connect tools.
Why have we written this? Because -combined with vast range of cloud based services- these tools might be used to imagine, shape and prototype the Internet of Things....and -btw- we don’t want to just inspire the creation of new ways to water your balcony plants (have a look at our MEG project): we want to encourage creators in playing with the future.
HIGH-RES PDF DOWNLOAD: http://www.designgroupitalia.com
Featuring: Arduino Micro / Arduino Uno / Arduino Mega / Arduino Yun / BeagleBone Black / DQuid IO / Intel Edison / Intel Edison Arduino Kit / NodeMcu / Photon / Rasberry PI / Samsung ArDk 1 chip / Samsung ArDk 5 chip / Samsung ArDk 10 chip / Teensy / Udoo Dual / St Nucleo /
We have calculated 31.4 trillion digits of Pi in 2019 and broke the world record in the Pi computation. This talk will discuss the nature of the calculation, the architecture, challenges and techniques, and of course the brief history of Pi computation. Calculating Pi has been the speaker's childhood dream and this talk will also explain how the small dream grew to the new world record.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Raspberry Pi. It discusses the origins of the Raspberry Pi in aiming to provide affordable computers to help stimulate interest in computer science education. It outlines key events in the development of the Raspberry Pi and describes its low cost and performance compared to earlier computers. The document then provides basic getting started information for setting up and using a Raspberry Pi including updating software, setting passwords, and connecting to hardware. It also discusses some popular project examples and suggests when to use a Raspberry Pi versus an Arduino.
This document discusses online code sharing platforms for physical computing. It introduces the Funnel toolkit, which allows connecting different hardware toolkits like Gainer and Arduino. Funnel supports languages like Processing and ActionScript. The document outlines recent contributions to Funnel, including support for new hardware, libraries for interfacing with I2C devices, and a collaboration with Wonderfl to provide an online code editor for physical computing. It raises questions about how to better support students in prototyping and how to incentivize engineers to participate in open hardware projects.
This document discusses the evolution of a configuration management team's processes and tools. It describes moving from a manual process to implementing development practices like source control, code reviews, and continuous integration. Key steps included architecting a deployment pipeline with local, test, and production instances; standardizing development environments; automating common tasks through scripting; and implementing a continuous delivery model to quickly release changes. The goal was to change the team's mindset to treat configuration management as software development.
How to play basketball with a soccer team? - Make IC development more agileTobias Leisgang
The document discusses principles and practices for agile integrated circuit development. It advocates for frequent delivery of working software in short iterations of 4-14 weeks. Team members include designers, system engineers, verification engineers, test engineers, and software engineers who work together daily throughout the project. The agile approach promotes sustainable development where the team reflects after each iteration to improve.
Similar to Pipeline 1 (Lecture in KMD 2015 Fall: Internet Technology Slot) (20)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Pipeline 1 (Lecture in KMD 2015 Fall: Internet Technology Slot)
1. Innovation Pipeline TECH 1
Computer Architecture
Kazunori Sugiura phD
Keio University
November 2, 2015
FACEBOOK: Kazunori UHYO Sugiura
Pietoro Woo Hiyo Hiyo
TWITTER: uhyouhyo
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 1
2. Objective of this Slot
• To become KMD ready in…
• Basic Computer and Network Literacy
• Contents Distribution
• Creating Web contents
• Creating Web Server
• Basic Network and Computer Management
• Security, Service extension and Management
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 2
3. Preparations
• What you will need:
• Fully Charged Notebook Computer
• Or plug in your AC adapter
• Wireless Connectivity
• Can you access KMD Wireless network?
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 3
4. What is Computer?
What is PC?
What is an important role for
PCs?
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 4
5. What are the difference
between
Macs and PCs?
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 5
6. Remember the Crash Course?
• CPU
• Memory
• System Device (Chipset, I/O)
• External Storage Device
• HDD, SSD, FDD, USB Memory
• Communication Device
• Ethernet
• Input Device
• Keyboard, Mouse, Tablet, Camera
• Display Device
• Video Card, LCD
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 6
7. How Do They Treat the Data?
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 7
8. Digital
• Information expressed by number(s)
• Every information (text, picture, movies, audios) are expressed by
numerical values
• Digital is not 0 and 1s
• Easy process
• Same expressions and rules
• Accurate copy
• Accuracy
• Depends on digitization process
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 8
15. Amount of Digital Data
English = 7bit
Japanese=16bit
Chat
Short Mail
Cellular
Camera
report
Short report
Digital Camera
DV Camera
WEBCam
Cellular TV
Video CD
1K 1M 1G 1T 1P 1E
103 106 109 1012 1015 1018
Telephone
CD
CD
DVD
Blu-Ray
HDV Camera
HD Camera
Digital Cinema
Nuclear Simulation
Forecast simulation
Amount
Of
Information
(Bit)
DNA
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 15
32. Moore’s Law
4004
8008
8080
8086
8088
80286
Intel i386
Intel 486
Intel Pentium
Intel Pentium Pro
Intel MMX Pentium
Intel Celeron
Intel Pentium II
Intel Pentium 3
Intel Pentium 4
Intel Pentium M
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
10,000
100,000
1M
10M
100M
1GIntel Penryn
Transistors
Year
Intel Xeon
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 32
33. 8Bit 16 bit 32 bit 64 bit
What is Bit and Byte?
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 33
34. What is ??Bit OS?
• Data Bus Address Bus
Memory
CPU
DISK Network
Video Audio
Address Data
00000000 0000000F
FFFFFFF0 FFFFFFFF
:
00000040
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 34
36. ?? Bit CPU
•8Bit CPU
• Processor capable of 8 bit operation
•16Bit CPU
• Processor Capable of 16 bit operation
•32Bit CPU
•64Bit CPU
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 36
39. Preparing Spaghetti
Start
Open the tap
Water
enough?
Close the tap
Turn on the stove
Boiling?
Open the spaghetti container
Put spaghetti
9 minutes?
Turn off the stove
Take out spaghetti
You are done
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 39
40. Designing Spaghetti Boiling Machine
Memory
Add Counter
Decoder
ALU(Operator)
INPUT UNIT OUTPUT UNIT
CLOCK
Tap
Spaghetti
Temp.
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 40
41. Spaghetti Program
メモリ番地 内容 メモリ番地 内容
0 OUT 21 16
1 INP 1 17
2 CMP 20, 3, 1 18 9 minuts
3 OUT 22 19 100℃
4 OUT 26 20 200ml
5 INP 2 21 Open tap
6 CMP 19, 7, 5 22 Close tap
7 OUT 25 23 Insert spaghetti
8 OUT 23 24 Turn off stove
9 INP 3 25 Open the spaghetti container
10 CMP 18, 11, 9 26 Turn on the oven
11 OUT 24 27 Take out spaghetti
12 OUT 27 28
13 HLT 29
14 30
15 31
OUT: Output instruction
INP: Input instruction
CMP: compare instruction
HLT: stop instruction
Allocate the memory
And run from the
beginning
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 41
42. Inside the CPU
Pre fetch
Unit
Instruction
Decoder
Register
ALU
Memory
Interface
CPU Internal
Memory
Read data
Controls for
instructions
Algorithmic
Operator
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 42
44. CPU
North Bridge
(Memory Controller
HUB)
Front-side busClock
Generator
South Bridge
( I/O Controller HUB)
Internal bus
Memory Slots
Memory busPCI Express
Graphic Card
PCI bus
PCI slots
IDE
SATA
Ethernet
Audio
USB
CMOS M
FLASH
ROM
SUPER
I/O
Serial
Parallel
Key/Mouse
Floppy
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 44
49. Reallity
• The Term “Bug” was already used at that time. when one
technician found a moth trapped inside Mark II computer.
She was amazed that a “REAL BUG” was hidden inside the
computer and reported as a “BUG”
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Hopper.Danis.html
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol 22 Issue 1, 2000
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 49
57. Power Supply
• CPU memory hard disk interface… everything
• Convert AC to DC
• +5V -5V
• +12V -12V
• Reducing voltage = reduces energy consumption
• +3.3V, +2.5V,+1.8V
Voltage
1.8V
5V
Fast!
Time11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 57
59. Beginning
• First PC built in Japan (1976/8/3)
• TK-80 Kit(88500 Yen )
• μPD8080A(Intel 8080 Compatible)
• Memory :512Byte
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 59
61. IBM The PC
• 1981/8/12
• Processor : 8088
• Mem: 16KByte Max 64Kbyte
• 8Bit XT Bus (4.77MHz)
• MDA(Monochrome Display Adapter) 320 x 200
• 汎用チップを利用
• Interrupt controller (i8259)
• DMA controller (i8237)
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 61
62. Importance of BUS
Memory
Add Counter
Decoder
ALU(Operator)
INPUT UNIT OUTPUT UNIT
CLOCK
Tap
Spaghetti
Temp.
Arrows are Buses
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 62
63. BUS
• What needs to be transported?
• Power Supply
• Data lines
• Address lines
• Special Command Lines
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 63
64. Tap device
Power +12v (Tap motor power)Tap Motor
Tap motor Control
Power +5v (Tap motor control board)
Ground
Busy (Interrupt)
Address Bus
Data Bus
Address Data Contents
1 0 Tap Status
2 1 Tap Motor On
3 1 Tap Motor Direction
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 64
67. Rivals: Motorola
• 6800(1974)
• 68000(1979)
• 1982 Sun Microsystems “SUN”
• “Stanford University Network”
• 1983 Apple LISA
• 68020(1984) 32Bit MPU
• Macintosh II
• 68030(1987)
• 68040(1990)
• 88000(1990)
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 67
68. Intel 4004
• First production microprocessor
• chip(4mm x 3mm)
• 4Bit 10μm rule
• 2300個 transistors
• Frequency:108KHz
• Max 750KHz
calculators
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 68
69. 8086 and 8088
•8086 Processor
• 29000 transistor
• 16Bit Data Bus 20Bit Address Bus(1MB)
• 5MHz(8,10MHz)
• 3μm
•8088 Processor
• 8Bit Data Bus 20Bit Address Bus
•AMD and NEC as Second Source
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 69
70. 32Bit Requirement
80386 80386SX
• 80386(80386DX)
• 275000 Transistor
• 32Bit Data Bus, 32Bit Address Bus
• 16 – 33MHz
• 80387 FPU
• 80386SX
• 16Bit Data Bus 32Bit Address Bus
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 70
76. Embedded memory controller
CORE CORE
CORE CORE
FSB
CHIPSET
MCH
memory
memory
Video Card
CORE CORE
CORE CORE
QPI
CHIPSET
IOH
memory
memory
Video Card
To: ICH
To: ICH
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 76
77. Embed graphics controller as well
Memory
Controller CPU
GPU
DMI
CHIPSET
PCH
メモリ
メモリ
Video Card
To: ICH
FDI
Clarkdale
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 77
85. Floppy disk
From Wikipedia
fd1440|floppy|floppy3|3in|3.5in High Density Floppy:
:ty=floppy:se#512:nt#2:rm#300:ns#18:nc#80:
:pa#2880:oa#0:ba#4096:fa#512:
:pb#2880:ob#0:bb#4096:fb#512:
:pc#2880:oc#0:bc#4096:fc#512:
Sector size x sector per track x Cylinder x surface
= 512 x 18 x 2 x 80 = 1474580 byte = 1440KByte
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 85
91. How they record
Horizontal Magnetic Recording
N
S N
S
ビット1
ビット3
ビット4
ビット2
Electric Magnet
Coil
Signal
Magnetic surface
Horizontal recording and
Vertical recording
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 91
102. File and Directory
• Unit of Data
• Text, Graphics, Sounds, Videos…
• File name and Extensions
• Program and Applications are also files
• Storing Files into Directory
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 102
103. File and Directory
/
bin etc usr boot dev
sh ls passwd bin lib vmlinuz tty01 sda1
gcc ssh
通常ファイル
ディレクトリ
スペシャルファイル(デバイス)
パイプ
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 103
104. Current and Parent
/
usr
bin lib
gcc ssh
.
..
Current Directory
Parent Directory
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 104
109. File system in UNIX
I node Data block
Boot block
Super block11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 109
110. File system
• Abstraction based on files
root directory
/dev
/home
jun sd0a
Plain Files
Directory
Special Files11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 110
111. Index node
60 .
2
98
150
..
jun
uhyo
I node number
98 .
60
100
105
..
secret
appointment
100 .
98
160
203
..
Licence.c
Oops.c
105 .
98
178
205
..
Presentation.ppt
Girlfriend.jpg11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 111
112. Access Control
-rw-r--r-- 1 uhyo kmd 30 2009-06-05 18:20 main.c
- rwx rwx rwx
user
group
all
type
001 execute
010 write
100 read
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 112
115. POWER ON POST
BOOTSTRAP
IPL
OS
COMMAND
INTERPRETER
Process 2
Process 1
Process 3
Processor starts running from address 0
after hard reset. Usually
From reset vector.
I/O Check
Memory Check
Read IPL
Read OS and run as a
system task
Initialize OS, run the
command interpreter
Start user command
Initialization Running
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 115
116. Agenda
• Installing server on your Laptop
• Knowing server from A to Z
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 116
117. Q: What kind of service do you want
to provide?
118. サーバーって何? What is a Server?
● サービスを提供する計算機
● Computers Providing Services
o Network
o Website
o Software
o Application
o Database
o File
o etc.
119. What is Server?
• Providing service to whom requested
• 24hrs 365, 366 days, forever
• Continuous Operation
• Unless service oriented
• Stability, Safety, Security (3 S’s)
120. Very Basics of an Application
• INPUT and OUTPUT
• When was the first application?
• Operating System and Application
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 120
121. What is this?uhyo@cpu.sfc.wide.ad.jp % telnet narcia.narcia.net smtp
Trying 210.238.180.250...
Connected to narcia.narcia.net.
Escape character is '^]'.
HELO cpu.sfc.wide.ad.jp
220 narcia.narcia.net ESMTP Sendmail 8.14.2/8.14.2; Mon, 17 Nov 2008 05:41:46 +0900 (JST)
250 narcia.narcia.net Hello cpu.sfc.wide.ad.jp [203.178.142.143], pleased to meet you
MAIL FROM: uhyo@sfc.wide.ad.jp
250 2.1.0 uhyo@sfc.wide.ad.jp... Sender ok
RCPT TO: uhyo@kmd.keio.ac.jp
250 2.1.5 uhyo@kmd.keio.ac.jp... Recipient ok
data
354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself
THIS IS A TEST MAIL
.
250 2.0.0 mAGKfkmO040256 Message accepted for delivery
quit
221 2.0.0 narcia.narcia.net closing connection
Connection closed by foreign host.
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 121
122. What is this?
uhyo@cpu.sfc.wide.ad.jp % telnet narcia.narcia.net www
Trying 210.238.180.250...
Connected to narcia.narcia.net.
Escape character is '^]'.
GET /~uhyo/uhyo.html
<HTML>
OH YOU CAN SEE ME !!!
</HTML>
Connection closed by foreign host.
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 122
123. Do you want a Server?
513,325円(税別)
http://jp.fujitsu.com/platform/server/primergy/products/lineup/rx600s6/
125. POWER ON POST
BOOTSTRAP
IPL
OS
COMMAND
INTERPRETER
Process 2
Process 1
Process 3
Processor starts running from address 0
after hard reset. Usually
From reset vector.
I/O Check
Memory Check
Read IPL
Read OS and run as a
system task
Initialize OS, run the
command interpreter
Start user command
Initialization Running
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 125
127. Basic principle in OS
• Virtual Machines
• Resource Management
Operating System
hardw
are
hardw
are
hardw
are
hardw
are
hardw
are
hardw
are
Application Application Application
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 127
130. Variety of Storage Devices
Operating System
IDE HDD SATA HDD SCSI HDD
IDE Device
Access
SATA Device
Access
SCSI Device
Access
E-mail Application
Accessing stored e-mail
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 130
131. Resource Management
• Applications access limited resources
• PC = resource
• Racing Conditions
• Let’s watch “Anime” in Christmas eve!
• But I also need to meet with my close friend
• Which should I choose?
• Of course “Anime”?!
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 131
132. Sharing Printer
• One Printer with many users
• 山田君 and 佐藤君 trying to use printer at same time山田君
佐藤君
OS
Printer
t
I’m printing OK
printing
WAIT!
Done!
Your turn
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 132
133. Why OS was born?
• Batch processing
• Resident Monitor, JCL, IOCS
Resident Monitor
User Program Area Single job
Single program
Minimum controlling mechanism
Fortran Job Card
$JOB
$FORTRAN
$LOAD
$RUN
$END
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 133
134. Batch Process
CPUJob 3 Job 2 Job 1
Courses in Restaurants
Enjoy one dish at a time
AppetizersSoupMain dish
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 134
135. Time Sharing System
Share the dishes
JOB 1 JOB 2
JOB 3
Welcome to the UNIX world
CPU
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 135
137. Virtualization Technologies
Hardware (CPU, Memory, SCSI, etc )
Operating System
Application
Virtualization Software
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 137
138. Virtualization Technologies
Using No Operating System
Hardware (CPU, Memory, SCSI, etc )
Virtualization Software
( Hyper-visor Virtual machine monitor )
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 138
139. Virtualization Technologies
Using Firmware Solution
Hardware (CPU, Memory, SCSI, etc )
Firmware
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Guest
OS
Virtualization
Software
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 139
144. Hard Disk Partition
1DK Partition Windows Partition Linux Partition
C:
D:
........
Windows
Program
Documents
User data
User data
/
/etc
swap
/usr
bin
share
/var
...
log
opt
...
/home
Documents
...
Pictures
...
145. UNIX/Linux Mount points
/ root directory ● ツリー型ディレクトリ構造の最
上層/Top level of Tree
directory structure
/home home directory ● ユーザーのデータ/Users’ data
eg. 「/home/userA」
「/home/userB」
/usr user directory ● ソフトウェア/Softwares
/var, /tmp... ● システムファイル/System Files
154. CUI and GUI
• What is the difference?
• キャラクターセットのみで対話
• 画像とセットで対話
• サーバと通常のPCの違いの一つ
• 遠隔からの作業が基本
• 最良な方法でサーバと対話するためには?
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 154
155. SHELL シェル
• UNIXの基本操作: CUI
• Character User Interface
• Graphical User Interface
• ユーザとサーバとの対話
• Shell Interpreter
• sh, csh, bash, ksh, zsh, tcsh…
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 155
156. プロンプト
• $ or %
• ユーザプロンプト
• #
• スーパーユーザ
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 156
157. まずは色々やってみよう
• who
• Who
• WHO
• pwd
• cd
• ls
• clear
• groups
• hoge
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 157
160. VI Editor 起動/Start
Command:
vi filename
指定されたファイルが無い場合は新
規作成モードとなる。
If given file doesn’t exist, this command
will create a new file with the file name.
163. How to Use “vi” editor
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 163
164. “vi” command launch
•vi (filename)----open the file by vi
•vi +/(expression) (filename) ------ open and start the
file at the fist (expression)
•vi + (filename) ----open and start at the last line
•vi +(line number) (filename) ---- open and start at
the line number
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 164
165. “vi” editor function
•Two type of the mode in “vi”
• Command Mode
• Cursor Move, Copy & Paste, Replacement, Save file and so on
• Input Mode
• Input the characters into the body
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 165
166. Changing Both Modes
•Command mode to Input mode
• “i” means inserting the characters into the left side of the
cursor.
• “a” means inserting the characters into the right side of
the cursor.
•Input mode to Command mode
• “esc” change mode from input mode to command mode.
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 166
167. Command Mode -cursor movement-
•h -> left, j -> down, k -> up, l -> right
•“Shift + g” goes to the last line
•“gg” goes to the first line
•“$” goes to the last column in the line
•“0” zero goes to the fist column in the line
•“ctrl+f” goes up to 1 page
•“ctrl+b” goes down to 1 page
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 167
168. Command Mode -file manipulation-
•“:e” reread the file
•“:wq” save the file and quit the vi
•“:wq!” save the file and quit the vi forcedly
•“:w” saves the file
•“:help” open the help page
•“:q!” quit the vi forcedly
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 168
169. Editing
•Remove the one character (“x”)
•yyy replace xxx (:s /xxx/yyy/)
•yyy replace xxx in all the lines (:%s /xxx/yyy/g)
•Copy the line (yy)
•Paste the copied line (p)
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 169
170. Workshop for vi editor
•Make 1 text file by vi
•Write your name in each line by 20 lines.
•Move to 1st line, then remove the 1st line.
•Rewrite the “Hello vi” in 1st line and copy it into 3rd,
5th and 10th.
•Replace your name by “Kazunori Sugiura”
samplevi.txt
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 170
171. Type this source code
• Type the following source code.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
printf(“hello vin”);
printf(“hello vi and linux debiann”);
return(0);
}
hellovi.c
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 171
172. Learn more
• Just do by yourself
• Use vi for configuration and making source code
• Utilize vi for writing down the memo
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 172
173. File and Directory(Folder)
bin etc usr Program Files(x86) Users
sh ls passwd bin lib
cos.txt SOI.pptgcc ssh
uhyo keiko
Mozilla
firefox
Documents Documents
/
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 173
174. Current and Parent
/
User
keiko uhyo
SOI.txt GC.txt
.
..
Current Directory
Parent Directory
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 174
176. Basic Commands
Win Mac
ディレクトリを作成/Make
directory
md folder mkdir folder
ディレクトリを削除/Delete
directory
rd folder rmdir folder
ファイルをコピー/Copy a file copy file1 file2 cp file1 file2
ファイルを削除/Delete file del file rm file
ファイルを移動、ファイル名変
更/Move file, Rename file
move path1/file
path2/file
mv path1/file path2/file
ファイルにテキストを追記
/Write text in to file
echo text >
file.txt
echo text > file.txt
テキストファイルの内容を表示
/Displays the contents of a text
file.
type file cat file
177. Manage your files with
command
• Create a new directory
mkdir dir1(win)
mkdir dir1(mac)
• Enter that directory
cd dir1
• See what’s in the directory
dir (win)
ls (mac)
178. Manage your files with
command
There is nothing inside, it’s a new directory
• Create a new file
echo hello world > a.txt
• See what’s in the file
type a.txt (win)
cat a.txt (mac)
• Copy the file
copy a.txt b.txt (win)
cp a.txt b.txt (mac)
179. Manage your files with
command
• See what’s in file b.txt
Fogot the commands? Press ↑
• See what’s in the directory now
180. Manage your files with
command
• Go to upper directory
cd ..
• Copy the directory
copy dir1 dir2 (win)
cp –r dir1 dir2 (mac)
• Go see the new directory contents
Windows: folder2 should be created first
Mac: -r option is used for recursive copy through directory
181. Manage your files with
command
• See what’s in dir2
• Rename a.txt
move a.txt c.txt (win)
mv a.txt c.txt (mac)
• Delete b.txt
del b.txt (win)
rm b.txt (mac)
182. Manage your files with
command
• See what’s in dir2
• See what’s in dir1
• Delete directory
rmdir dir1 (win)
rm –r dir1
183. Access Control
-rw-r--r-- 1 uhyo kmd 30 2009-06-05 18:20 main.c
- rwx rwx rwx
user
group
all
type
001 execute
010 write
100 read
11/02/2015 Keio Media Design 183