This slide is about to Physical infrastructure & cost of warehouse-scale computers. In this slide we coverd this topic and also describe the Electricity consumption and cooling system for WSC

1. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE & COST OF
WAREHOUSE-SCALE COMPUTERS
FAHEEM ABBAS # 52
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
DEPT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (6TH SEMESTER)
BZ UNIVERSITY MULTAN SUB CAMPUS LODHRAN
M
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2. WHAT IS PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The physical infrastructure is the foundation on which all
enterprise systems operate.
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3. WHAT DOES PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDE?
• Physical infrastructure includes power, backup
generators, Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning,
connectivity (cabling), hardware, software, and people
etc.
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4. TYPES OF PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• Highways, Streets, and Roads.
• Bridges.
• Mass Transit, Airports, and Airways.
• Water Supply and Resources.
• Waste Management and Waste Water Management.
• Power Generation and Transmission.
• Telecommunications.
• Hazardous Waste Removal and Storage.
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5. WHAT IS CONSIDERED IT INFRASTRUCTURE?
• Information technology (IT) infrastructure are the
components required to operate and manage enterprise
IT environments. These components include hardware,
software, networking components, an operating system
(OS), and data storage, all of which are used to deliver IT
services and solutions
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6. SECURE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• A physical security systems infrastructure is a network
of electronic security systems and devices that is
configured, operated, maintained and enhanced to
provide security functions and services (such as
operational and emergency communications and
notification, physical access control, video
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7. IMPORTANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE
• The infrastructure is important for faster economic
growth and alleviation of poverty in the country. The
infrastructure in the form of road and railway transport
system, ports, power, airports and their efficient working
is also needed for integration of the Pakistani economy
with other economies of the world.
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8. WHAT IS WAREHOUSE?
• A warehouse is a building for storing goods.
Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers,
exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs,
etc. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing
materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods
associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and
production.
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9. WHAT IS WAREHOUSE SCALE COMPUTERS?
• Warehouse-scale computer (WSC) – Provides Internet
services like Search, social networking, online maps,
video sharing, online shopping, email, collaborative
editing/design, cloud computing, etc.
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10. WHAT IS THE COST OF WAREHOUSE-SCALE COMPUTERS?
• The WSC is a descendant of the supercomputer. Today's
WSCs act as one giant machine. The main parts of a WSC
are the building with the electrical and cooling infrastructure,
the networking equipment and the servers, about 50000 to
100000 of them. The costs are of the order of $150M to build
such an infrastructure.
• WSC needs proximity to Internet backbone optical fibers,
low cost of electricity, and low risk from
environmental disasters, such as earthquakes, floods etc.
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11. POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR WSC?
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12. COOLING DISTRIBUTION FOR WSC?
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13. COOLING DISTRIBUTION OF GOOGLE WSC?
• Google’s WSC in Belgium uses a water-to-water intercooler
that takes cold water from an industrial canal to chill the
warm water from inside the WSC
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14. COST OF A WSC?
Most architects, designers of WSCs worry about operational costs
as well as the cost to build the WSC. Accounting labels the former
costs as operational expenditures (OPEX) and the latter costs as
capital expenditures (CAPEX)
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15. CASE STUDY FOR COST OF A WSC?
To put the cost of energy into perspective, Hamilton [2010] did a case study to estimate the costs of a
WSC. He determined that the CAPEX of this 8 MW facility was $88M, and that the roughly 46,000 servers
and corresponding networking equipment added another $79M to the CAPEX for the WSC.
We can now price the total cost of energy, since U.S. accounting rules allow us to convert CAPEX into
OPEX. We can just amortize CAPEX as a fixed amount each month for the effective life of the equipment.
The amortization rates differ significantly, from 10 years for the facility to 4 years for the networking
equipment and 3 years for the servers. Hence, the WSC facility lasts a decade, but you need to replace
the servers every 3 years and the networking equipment every 4 years. By amortizing the CAPEX,
Hamilton came up with a monthly OPEX, including accounting for the cost of borrowing money (5%
annually) to pay for the WSC. At $3.8M, the monthly OPEX is about 2% of the CAPEX.
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16. COST OF A WSC PER WATT IN YEAR?
The cost is roughly $2 per watt-year.
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Monthly cost of infrastructure + monthly cost of
power
Facility size in watts
X 12
=
$765K +
$475K
8M
X 12 =
$1.86

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