Physical Activity during Pregnancy and the Effect on Mothers and Fetal Health Abstract  1.2 Introduction: Physical activity is an essential role that all people should engaged, aerobic and muscle strength exercises are an easy to do where the benefits of it are great, prevention, treatment of disease and keeping fit in all stage of life even in pregnancy period and this exercises can be modify to suit physical condition of the pregnant womens Pregnancy is a blessing from Allah that every woman wishes. Pregnancy it’s condition that many changes it happened on women bodies from the day of fertilization to the day after delivery of the baby and the popular effect in women bodies it’s the increment of body weight, as it's known that many women they didn’t control them weight and they become overweight or obese, in this condition the pregnant woman she will be in danger, many diseases start with increase of the body weight and it may lead to a serious health problems. Without controlling the body weight increment, woman with a normal weight it may become an overweight or even obese. In general overweight and obesity one of prevalence public issue that affect many countries in the world where it’s observe in all ages, adults, adolescents, and children it maybe became a global epidemic , the impact of this issue has a strong relationship with mortality and morbidity also this relationship have been known for more than 2000 between health professionals[1-2]. body mass index (BMI) is the way that give a right measurement for the total body fat compare with body weight, the method for calculation by determining the body weight in kilogram and divide it by height in meter squared, this way determine the degree of overweight easy with a reliable number. There are interventions that can control the body weight before pregnancy period, during pregnancy period and after it, but the most important intervention that we will cover it’s the physical activity or exercise and the advantages for this intervention on the mother health and the outcome also the disadvantages that it can happen if available. Physical activity and exercise has a great impact on health status, where there are many study done to prove this relation. where health outcome in people with physical inactivity is a major problem in the world and specially in developed countries. In worldwide physical inactivity appear in a huge number where one out of every five adults is physically inactive and the long period of sitting independent show that is a risk factor for mortality[3] The healthy body weight in pregnancy it depends on the body mass index (BMI) so the WHO classify the BMI into four categories underweight: <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight: 18.5-24.99 kg/m2, overweight: 25-29.9 kg/m2, and obese ≥30 kg/m2 [4-5]. With this category, recognizing every case will be easy and right grouping will be more accurate. all pregnant women are included in all age and different country.

1. Physical Activity during Pregnancy and the Effect on Mothers
and Fetal Health
Abstract
1.2 Introduction:
Physical activity is an essential role that all people should
engaged, aerobic and muscle strength exercises are an easy to
do where the benefits of it are great, prevention, treatment of
disease and keeping fit in all stage of life even in pregnancy
period and this exercises can be modify to suit physical
condition of the pregnant womens
Pregnancy is a blessing from Allah that every woman wishes.
Pregnancy it’s condition that many changes it happened on
women bodies from the day of fertilization to the day after
delivery of the baby and the popular effect in women bodies it’s
the increment of body weight, as it's known that many women
they didn’t control them weight and they become overweight or
obese, in this condition the pregnant woman she will be in
danger, many diseases start with increase of the body weight
and it may lead to a serious health problems. Without
controlling the body weight increment, woman with a normal
weight it may become an overweight or even obese.
In general overweight and obesity one of prevalence public
issue that affect many countries in the world where it’s observe
in all ages, adults, adolescents, and children it maybe became a
global epidemic , the impact of this issue has a strong
relationship with mortality and morbidity also this relationship
have been known for more than 2000 between health
professionals[1-2]. body mass index (BMI) is the way that give
a right measurement for the total body fat compare with body
weight, the method for calculation by determining the body
weight in kilogram and divide it by height in meter squared,
this way determine the degree of overweight easy with a

2. reliable number.
There are interventions that can control the body weight before
pregnancy period, during pregnancy period and after it, but the
most important intervention that we will cover it’s the physical
activity or exercise and the advantages for this intervention on
the mother health and the outcome also the disadvantages that it
can happen if available.
Physical activity and exercise has a great impact on health
status, where there are many study done to prove this relation.
where health outcome in people with physical inactivity is a
major problem in the world and specially in developed
countries. In worldwide physical inactivity appear in a huge
number where one out of every five adults is physically inactive
and the long period of sitting independent show that is a risk
factor for mortality[3]
The healthy body weight in pregnancy it depends on the body
mass index (BMI) so the WHO classify the BMI into four
categories underweight: <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight: 18.5-
24.99 kg/m2, overweight: 25-29.9 kg/m2, and obese ≥30 kg/m2
[4-5]. With this category, recognizing every case will be easy
and right grouping will be more accurate.
all pregnant women are included in all age and different country
in normal weight, overweight, and obese women, the risk that
can appear during the pregnancy period with physical activities
and without it observed to understand the relation between
pregnancy and the physical activity as will as trying to answer
the question do the exercise and physical activities enhance
pregnancy outcome or it has a negative effects on pregnancy
that it may lead to abortion.
The search was mad in the Digital Saudi library, Google
Scholar, Medlin, Pubmed, EBSCOhost,and DASH at Harvard.
The Keywords that used in search was pregnancy, physical

3. activity, exercise, lifestyle, Obesity, overweight and prospective
study
Review of Literature
Study and location
Design
n
Outcomes
Findings
Duncombe6
Australia
Prospective study
148
Prematurity
There is no evidence that vigorous exercise were associated
with significant reductions in mean birth outcomes
El-Gilany7
Saudi Arabia
Prospective study
787
Excessive gestational weight gain and the effect of outcome
overweight and obesity can adversely affect pregnancy
outcomes
Evenson8
US North Carolina
Prospective study
1699
Prematurity
The risk of preterm birth was reduced with vigorous leisure
activity
first trimester (OR 0.80,95% CI 0.48–1.35) and second trimester

4. (0.52, 0.24–1.11)
Zhang9
Prospective study
20136
association of lifestyle factors and the risk of gestational
diabetes before pregnancy
adherence to a healthful
lifestyle in the period before pregnancy is associated with a
substantially lower risk of gestational diabetes
Fortner10
Prospective study
1043
Association between weight gain before and during pregnancy
and hypertensive disorder
Obese women have 3 fold risk of hypertension more than
normal BMI before pregnancy
4.Aims and Objectives
The aims of this review is to finding the relation between the
physical activities and enhancing the outcome of pregnancy in
normal BMI women and overweight or obese.
Where the Objectives proving undesirable effect of overweight
and obesity on the mothers and fetus where the gestational
diabetes is one of the most common disease that mothers suffer
from it during pregnancy, hypertension that associated with
time of pregnancy, where the Prematurity and Miscarriage are
common between Feta’s that them mothers are obese
5.Materials and Methods
6.Observations and results
7.Charts and figures
8.Discussion

5. 9.Suggestions and recommendations
10.Glossary
11.Bibliography
References :
1. Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. 2013
AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight
and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of
Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice
Guidelines and The Obesity Society. Circulation 2014;
129:S102.
2. Bray GA. The Battle of the Bulge: A History of Obesity

6. Research, Dorrance, Pittsburgh 2007.
3. Owen, N., Sparling, P. B., Healy, G. N., Dunstan, D. W., &
Matthews, C. E. (2010). Sedentary Behavior: Emerging
Evidence for a New Health Risk. Mayo Clinic Proceedings,
85(12), 1138-1141. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0444
4. WHO. Physical status: The use and interpretation
of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert
committee. WHO Technical Report Series 854. Geneva: World
Health Organization 1995.
5. WHO. Expert consultation: Appropriate body-mass index for
Asian populations and its implications for policy and
intervention strategies. Lancet; 2004. p. 157-63.
6. Duncombe, D., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Kelly, L.,
Fraser, V., & Paxton, S. J. (2006). Vigorous Exercise and Birth
Outcomes in a Sample of Recreational Exercisers: A
Prospective Study Across Pregnancy. Obstetrical &
Gynecological Survey, 61(11), 699-701.
doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000243902.53983.05
7. El-Gilany, A., & Hammad, S. (2010). Body mass index and
obstetric outcomes in pregnant in Saudi Arabia: a prospective
cohort study. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 0(0), 0.
doi:10.4103/0256-4947.67075
8. Evenson KR, Siega-Riz AM, Savitz DA, Leiferman JA, Thorp
JM Jr. Vigorous leisure activity and pregnancy outcome.
Epidemiology. 2002;13(6):653–659.
9. Zhang, C., Tobias, D. K., Chavarro, J. E., Bao, W., Wang, D.,
Ley, S. H., & Hu, F. B. (2014). Adherence to healthy lifestyle
and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: prospective cohort
study. Bmj, 349(Sep30 1). doi:10.1136/bmj.g5450.
10. Fortner, R. T., Pekow, P., Solomon, C. G., Markenson, G.,
& Chasan-Taber, L. (2009). Prepregnancy body mass index,
gestational weight gain, and risk of hypertensive pregnancy
among Latina women. American Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, 200(2). doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.021

7. This is a content grid for <<type name of movie here>>> by
<<type your name here>>
MHS4931 Movies, Memoirs & Mental Illness – Content Grid
5 Core Topics
Describe how topic is demonstrated in the movie, or if not
demonstrated you think the topic might have impacted the
character in the past or could in the future.
3 Movie Links – Briefly Describe Clip & How it Applies to
Core Topic
(Leave Blank if completing Content Grid for a book)
Stigma
Recovery
Diagnosis & Disorders

8. Legal Issues
Trauma

9. Type examples of the objectifying language used in the movie
and a suggestion for how this could be made into person first
language.
Write one or two paragraphs about how what you learned in the
movie can be applied to your future career and/or life in general
3
Movies, Memoirs & Mental Illness: Discussion Rubric
Criteria

10. Ratings
Points Possible
5
3
1
0
Quality of Post
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other's postings
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postings
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5
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11. 5
Total
10