The document provides an introduction to PHP, including how to set up a development environment, the basic syntax of PHP scripts, and how to embed PHP code in HTML documents. It discusses including comments in PHP scripts to document code and describes the basic steps of writing a PHP script, uploading it to a server, and accessing it through a web browser.

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Module 1
Introduction to PHP
Ahmed Elshal

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PHP Tutorial
http://www.kfs.edu.eg/
https://twitter.com/Ahmed_Elshal2
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100009938688890
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmed-elshal-03338a124/
Software Engineer.Ahmed Morshedy Elshal
Student in Faculty of Computers and Information

3. PHP References
 General: Download, documentation
 http://www.php.net/
 Documentation: manual
 http://www.php.net/manual/en/
http://us2.php.net/manual/en/index.php
 PHP.net tutorial
 http://php.net/manual/en/tutorial.php
 W3schools tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp
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4. PHP functions
 Documented PHP functions
 http://us2.php.net/quickref.php
 You can create your own functions too
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Objectives
 What is PHP?
 How does a PHP script work with a
Web Browser and a Web Server?
 What software and components you
need to get started with PHP?
 To create and run a simple PHP script

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What Is PHP?
 PHP, PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
 Server-side scripting languages for creating
dynamic web pages

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PHP advantages
Advantages of Using PHP to enhance Web
pages:
 Easy to use
 Simpler than Perl
 Open source
 Multiple platform.

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How PHP Pages are Accessed
and Interpreted
Client: Web browser Web server
1.Form submitted with a submit button
2.----- Action sends a request to the php file in server
3. Receive the request, find the file,
and read it
4. Execute the PHP commands
5. Send the results back
6. ---- results returned as HTML file
7. Web browser renders the HTML file, displaying the results

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Getting Started with PHP
To develop and publish PHP scripts you need:
 A client machine with a basic text editor and
Internet connection
• Prepare a text file with .php extension
 FTP or Telnet software
• Upload the file.php to the server
 A Web server with PHP built into it
• Process the file.php

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WHH Note
 This means that a browser e.g. IE or
Firefox on the client computer will not
recognize or render a file with extension
.php
 How do you check your PHP script before
submission to server?

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Getting Started with PHP
Set up development computer as a server
 Laptop contains a server and a browser environment
 Laptop is also set up as a Web server - WAMPserver
• Windows Apache, MySQL, PHP
 Client machine: PC, XP, editors, browsers
 Internet connection not needed
 Use copy and paste to transfer the scripts
 For class demos:
 localhost or 127.0.0.1 or cs346 server

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Exploring the Basic PHP
Development Process
The basic steps you can use to develop and
publish PHP pages are:
1. Create a PHP script file and save it to a local disk
• Test on localhost until satisfied
2. Use FTP to copy the file to the server
3. Access your file via URL on server using a
browser
• IE, Netscape, Opera, etc.

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Check PHP installation
 Create a simple PHP script, called
phpinfo.php
 The PHP script starts with a <?php tag and
ends with ?>
 Between these tags is a single PHP
statement: phpinfo();
 Copy the file to a directory of local server
 For WAMP: wamp/www
 Access the file with a browser
 http://localhost/checkphp.php

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15. Checking the server set up
 Upload the phpinfo.php to cs346 server
 E.g. to huen/m00
 Click on the link
 http://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/phpinfo.php
 Check the various environments:
 Apache
 MySQL
 PHP functions
 variables
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Creating a PHP Script File
 Create PHP script welcome.php
 Starts with a <?php tag and ends with ?>
 Between these tags is a single PHP print
statement
 Copy the file to C:wampwww
 Access the file with
http://127.0.0.1/welcome.php
 Demo on localhost
 Demo on cs346 server

18. Similarly for other PHP scripts
 Upload welcome.php to huen/m00
 Click on
 http://cs346.cs.uwosh.edu/huen/m00/welcome.php
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<?PHP
/* welcome.php */
print ("<h1 style="color: blue;">Welcome to PHP, CS346 class!</h1>");
/* Note the combination of html tags and css */
?>

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Note the effect of CSS

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Alternative PHP Delimiters
 You can alternatively start your PHP scripts
with the <script> tag as follows:
<script language="PHP">
print ("A simple initial script");
</script>
 If short_open_tag enabled in its configuration
file (php.ini), you can use <? and ?>.
 If asp_tags is enabled in the PHP
configuration file, you can use <% and %>
as delimiters.

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Proper Syntax
 If you have a syntax error then you have
written one or more PHP statements that are
grammatically incorrect in the PHP language.
 The print statement syntax:
print ( "Your message to print" );
Enclose message
in quotation
marks
Message to Output
End in a
semi-colon
Parenthesis are
optional

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If syntax is wrong
<?php
print ( "Welcome to PHP, CS346 class!);
?>

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A Little About PHP's Syntax
 Some PHP Syntax Issues:
 Be careful to use quotation marks, parentheses, and
brackets in pairs.
 Most PHP commands end with a semicolon (;).
 Be careful of case.
 PHP ignores blank spaces.

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Embedding PHP Statements Within
HTML Documents
 One way to use PHP is to embed PHP scripts
within HTML tags in an HTML document.
 Save the file first with extension html
 Validate the html file
 Change the extension to php
 Access the script by URL on server

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<html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>HTML With PHP Embedded </title>
</head>
<body>
<p style = "font-family:sans-serif; font-size:36;
color:yellow; background-color:green">
Welcome To My Page!
<?PHP
print ("<br /> Using PHP is not hard!");
?>
<br /> and you can learn it quickly!</p>
</body>
</html>

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When embedded1.php is accessed

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Using Backslash () to Generate
HTML Tags with print()
 Sometimes you want to output an HTML tag
that also requires double quotation marks.
 Use the backslash (“”) character to signal that the
double quotation marks themselves should be
output:
print ("<font color="blue">");
 The above statement would output:
<font color="blue">

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Using Comments with
PHP Scripts
 Comments enable you to include
descriptive text along with the PHP
script.
 Comment lines are ignored when the script
runs; they do not slow down the run-time.
 Comments have two common uses.
• Describe the overall script purpose.
• Describe particularly tricky script lines.

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Using Comments with PHP Scripts
Comment Syntax - Use //
standalone
<?php
// This is a comment
?>
Can be placed on Same line as a
statement:
<?php
print ("A simple initial script");
//Output a line
?>

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Example Script with Comments
1. <html> <head>
2. <title> Generating HTML From PHP</title> </head>
3. <body> <h1> Generating HTML From PHP</h1>
4. <?php
5. //
6. // Example script to output HTML tags
7. //
8. print ("Using PHP has <i>some advantages:</i>");
9. print ("<ul><li>Speed</li><li>Ease of use</li>
<li>Functionality</li></ul>"); //Output bullet list
10. print ("</body></html>");
11. ?>

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Alternative Comment Syntax
PHP allows a couple of additional ways to
create comments.
<?php
phpinfo(); # This is a built-in function
?>
Multiple line comments.
<?php
/*
A script that gets information about the
PHP version being used.
*/
<? phpinfo(); ?>

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Summary
 HTML pages are static and cannot interact with
users
 PHP is a free, open source technology that
enables documents to generate dynamic content
 PHP script has the extension of .php
 PHP script may be standalone or
 Can be embedded in an HTML document

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Summary
 Resources needed for development:
 Web server with built-in PHP
 a client machine with a basic text editor,
browser, and internet connections
 FTP or Telnet software to send the script to
the server

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Summary
 PHP script process:
 write the PHP script file
 copy the script file to the Web server
 access the file with a Web browser
 Comments can be proceeded with
 two forward slashes (//)
 or #
 or enclosed in /* and */