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An Introduction to Philosophy Lecture 10: Existentialism James Mooney Open Studies The University of Edinburgh j.mooney@ed.ac.uk www.filmandphilosophy.com @film_philosophy
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ExistentialismPPT.ppt
The document provides an overview of existentialism through notes from a philosophy class. It defines existentialism and outlines its key themes, including the view that existence precedes essence, the absurdity of life, alienation, nothingness and death, anxiety, and human freedom. The document also profiles influential existentialist philosophers like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Camus, and Sartre. Kierkegaard believed individuals must live authentically through personal choice and commitment rather than conforming to social norms. Nietzsche saw life as meaningless and advocated becoming an "overman" who can overcome desires to live independently and reinvent oneself.
Existentialism
This document provides an overview and analysis of existentialist ideas and themes in the play "Foot Hold" by Taufiq Rafat. It defines key existentialist concepts like angst, despair, responsibility, and the absurd. It analyzes how these themes are presented in characters and events in the play, such as the protagonist Saleem's angst over finding meaning in life. The document also discusses other existentialist ideas depicted in the play, including the themes of the Other, alienation, freedom and value, and the responsibility of individuals to define their own essence. It concludes that Foot Hold effectively brings forth the essential elements of existentialism through its story and characters.
Existentialism
Existentialism emphasizes that individuals are solely responsible for giving their own lives meaning and purpose through the choices they make. A key idea is that existence precedes essence, meaning people exist first and then define their own essence or nature through their actions and decisions. Existentialists believe the universe is inherently meaningless and absurd, yet people still have freedom to choose how to act and the responsibility to accept consequences. Individuals experience anxiety in confronting this radical freedom and facing nothingness and death alone.
Existentialism and Friedrich Nietzsche
This document provides an overview of existentialism and some of its key philosophers. It discusses how existentialism emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. Existentialists believe humans define their own meaning in life and make rational decisions despite living in an irrational universe. The document profiles philosophers like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Sartre, noting their views on topics like how existence precedes essence, the absurdity of life, and humans' condemned freedom. It also briefly discusses nihilism and how existentialism differs by asserting one can overcome the absurdity of existence.
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ExistentialismPPT.ppt
The document provides an overview of existentialism through notes from a philosophy class. It defines existentialism and outlines its key themes, including the view that existence precedes essence, the absurdity of life, alienation, nothingness and death, anxiety, and human freedom. The document also profiles influential existentialist philosophers like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Camus, and Sartre. Kierkegaard believed individuals must live authentically through personal choice and commitment rather than conforming to social norms. Nietzsche saw life as meaningless and advocated becoming an "overman" who can overcome desires to live independently and reinvent oneself.
Existentialism
This document provides an overview and analysis of existentialist ideas and themes in the play "Foot Hold" by Taufiq Rafat. It defines key existentialist concepts like angst, despair, responsibility, and the absurd. It analyzes how these themes are presented in characters and events in the play, such as the protagonist Saleem's angst over finding meaning in life. The document also discusses other existentialist ideas depicted in the play, including the themes of the Other, alienation, freedom and value, and the responsibility of individuals to define their own essence. It concludes that Foot Hold effectively brings forth the essential elements of existentialism through its story and characters.
Existentialism
Existentialism emphasizes that individuals are solely responsible for giving their own lives meaning and purpose through the choices they make. A key idea is that existence precedes essence, meaning people exist first and then define their own essence or nature through their actions and decisions. Existentialists believe the universe is inherently meaningless and absurd, yet people still have freedom to choose how to act and the responsibility to accept consequences. Individuals experience anxiety in confronting this radical freedom and facing nothingness and death alone.
Existentialism and Friedrich Nietzsche
This document provides an overview of existentialism and some of its key philosophers. It discusses how existentialism emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. Existentialists believe humans define their own meaning in life and make rational decisions despite living in an irrational universe. The document profiles philosophers like Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Sartre, noting their views on topics like how existence precedes essence, the absurdity of life, and humans' condemned freedom. It also briefly discusses nihilism and how existentialism differs by asserting one can overcome the absurdity of existence.
Existentialism
This document provides an overview of existentialism. It discusses some of the key philosophers who contributed to the development of existentialism such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Sartre. It also examines how existentialism influenced literature and how existential concepts are still relevant today in fields like education, psychology, and film. The document concludes by exploring how existentialism relates to Christianity and Islam from philosophical and theological perspectives.
Existentialism
This document discusses existentialism in literature. It begins by defining existentialism as a philosophy centered on how humans exist and find meaning in the world through free will and choice. It reviews some of the main themes of existentialism like existence preceding essence, individualism, angst, and freedom. It then discusses some key existentialist philosophers like Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, and how their works explored existentialist ideas. It also briefly summarizes the existentialist elements found in the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky.
Existentialism
Existentialism emphasizes concrete human existence, freedom of choice, and responsibility for one's actions. Key existentialist philosophers include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and Camus. They addressed themes like anxiety, authenticity, absurdity, and the need to define one's own purpose and values rather than rely on external rules. Literature exploring these themes includes works by Dostoevsky, Kafka, Hesse, and Camus that depict individuals grappling with the lack of inherent meaning in an indifferent world.
Existential therapy Dr veera balaji kumar
Existential psychotherapy focuses on core human experiences like death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. It views humans as always changing and creating themselves rather than having a fixed personality. The therapist aims to facilitate authenticity using techniques like phenomenological analysis to understand the client's present experience. Existential psychotherapy explores how clients navigate relationships with themselves and the world, seeking to help them find meaning and terms with the challenges of existence.
Contemporaryphilosophy 140128092810-phpapp01
Contemporary philosophy refers to 19th century philosophy onward, dealing with logic, language, science (analytic philosophy) in the UK and North America, and existentialism, phenomenology, etc. (continental philosophy) in Europe. Existentialism focuses on individual existence and responsibility in creating one's own meaning without external rules or guidance. Key existentialist philosophers discussed include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, Heidegger and Schopenhauer. Their works explore themes of freedom, responsibility, authenticity, and the absurdity of life without God or inherent meaning. Phenomenology studies conscious experience from a first-person perspective to understand the essence of phenomena. Nih
Heidegger existence and inexistence
Martin Heidegger discusses the question of why things exist rather than not exist. He proposes the concept of "inexistence," which is what exists outside of the universe and is the origin of all beings. For Heidegger, inexistence is not nothingness but rather the pre-existence that things emerge from. He argues that confronting our own mortality and inexistence through anxiety and fear allows us to understand the limits of reason and fully grasp the nature of existence.
Nihilism 090414184222-phpapp02
Nihilism arose in the late 19th/early 20th century as a reaction to increasing atheism, reliance on science over religion, and the dehumanizing effects of industrialization. The brutality of WWI furthered feelings of despair, absurdity, and isolation in the world. Nihilism rejects traditional philosophy, religion, and the notion of universal truth or meaning. It views the universe as cold, chaotic, and humans as solitary beings with no free will or purpose, living in an ultimately meaningless cycle of events. For nihilists, there are no moral or ethical standards, only the will to power. Major figures like Nietzsche believed nihilism was a consequence of
Nihilism 090414184222-phpapp02
Nihilism arose in the late 19th/early 20th century as a reaction to increasing atheism, reliance on science over religion, and the dehumanizing effects of industrialization. The brutality of WWI furthered feelings of despair, absurdity, and isolation in the world. Nihilism rejects traditional philosophy, religion, and the notion of universal truth or meaning. For nihilists, the universe is cold, chaotic, and humans are alone with no free will or soul, facing complete extinction after a meaningless life in an indifferent world without purpose or truth. Major figures like Nietzsche believed nihilism meant embracing passions over rationality and pursuing power.
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009180174.pptx
A) Existentialism emphasizes existence over essence, meaning that humans define their own essence and meaning through their choices and actions rather than having a predetermined essence.
B) This leads to an "absurd condition" where humans seek meaning in a meaningless universe. It also leads to a sense of freedom but also responsibility over how one chooses to act with no external guidance.
C) Prominent existentialist philosophers include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, and Camus. Key concepts in existentialism include dread, anxiety, responsibility, and "bad faith" which is denying one's authentic self.
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Philosophy10
- 1. Existentialism Existentialism An Introduction to Philosophy: 10 © James Mooney 2012
- 2. Friederich Nietzsche (1844-1900) “God is dead”
- 3. Phenomenology “Philosophers, as things now stand, are all too fond of offering criticism from on high instead of studying and understanding things from within.” (Edmund Husserl) “Phenomenology" means … to let that which shows itself be seen from itself in the very way in which it shows itself from itself.” (Martin Heidegger)
- 4. L’existentialisme est un humanism (1946) “Existence precedes essence” Jean-Paul Sartre 1905-1980
- 5. What do we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? We mean that man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world and defines himself afterwards. Sartre, Existentialism is a Humanism
- 7. Existential Angst “Man is condemned to be free”
- 9. Bad Faith and Authenticity “Freedom is what you do with what’s been done to you”
- 10. ‘The Other’
- 12. The Myth of the Eternal Return “What, if some day or night a demon were to steal after you into your loneliest loneliness and say to you: ‘This life as you now live it and have lived it, you will have to live once more and innumerable times more’ ... Would you not throw yourself down and gnash your teeth and curse the demon who spoke thus? Or have you once experienced a tremendous moment when you would have answered him: ‘You are a god and never have I heard anything more divine’.”!
- 14. Details James Mooney Open Studies The University of Edinburgh j.mooney@ed.ac.uk www.filmandphilosophy.com @film_philosophy