Philips was established in 1891 in the Netherlands and began as a manufacturer of carbon filament lamps. It has since grown into a global conglomerate with divisions in consumer electronics, lighting, medical systems, and personal care. While Philips faced threats from low-cost Japanese competitors, it was able to reduce costs through R&D partnerships and reposition its brand identity. Market research revealed consumers valued reliability and found manuals complicated, leading Philips to shift its brand mantra to "Sense and Simplicity" and design products around user benefits rather than technology. This repositioning helped Philips reconnect with customers and establish itself as a global innovation and technology leader focused on improving people's lives.